著者

牛山 素行 岩舘 晋 太田 好乃

出版者

日本自然災害学会

雑誌

自然災害科学 (ISSN:02866021)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, no.2, pp.113-124, 2009-08-31

被引用文献数

1 3

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Community based workshop for disaster prevention has been held actively in recent Japan. However, there are not few uniformity workshops. We have applied a trial-and-error method about the workshop based on knowledge of natural disaster science. In this study, I would like to explain the method of workshop. First of all, a preliminary survey about primary cause of natural disaster is important. Various sources of disaster information are already released. For example, hazard map, landform classification map, estimation of damage, local plan for disaster prevention. A facilitator gives participant concrete explanation about the disaster of that area based on this preliminary survey. Next, participants read landform (altitude) of the area by detailed map. Moreover, participants discuss about problems of the area with engineer or public official. A result of discussion summarized in a problems list and a location map. There is an example to which residents started solution of the problems after a workshop. However, the effect of workshop has not been shown clearly yet. Effect verification of workshop is future subject.

著者

鈴木 博人 高橋 日出男

出版者

日本自然災害学会

雑誌

自然災害科学 (ISSN:02866021)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.2, pp.161-173, 2008-08-31

被引用文献数

1

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Detection of the spatial scale of heavy precipitation is important for the prevention of disasters. This study analyzed the spatial scale of heavy precipitation based on observed data at the railway observational stations and the meteorological stations in Kanto Plain. The results can be summarized as follows: The simultaneous occurrence area of precipitation becomes smaller when the criterion of precipitation and/or the distance increases. Heavy precipitation exceeding 30mm (130mm) during 1-hour (24-hour) occurs simultaneously within the distance of about 4km (>30km) at the probability of 0.5. The spatial scale of heavy precipitation is larger in case of typhoon rather than front, low, and thunderstorm. The simultaneous occurrence area of precipitation seems to have southwest-northeast oriented long axis. Moreover, the spatial scale of heavy precipitation is larger in southeastern part rather than in northwestern part of Kanto Plain.

著者

山田 文彦 柿本 竜治 山本 幸 迫 大介 岡 裕二 大本 照憲

出版者

日本自然災害学会

雑誌

自然災害科学 (ISSN:02866021)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.1, pp.25-43, 2008-05-31

被引用文献数

3

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Risk Communication using the continual workshops on flood risk management was proposed and implemented to enhance the capability of community flood risk mitigation. As for the case study, risk communication for flood due to heavy rain and river flooding was implemented at Kosen town-community in Kumamoto City. The variability of workshop participants consciousness for flood risk mitigation was investigated based on the questionnaire survey. Fundamental data of residents' evacuation for flood was obtained and analyzed by conducting the evacuation drill for virtual flood scenario. Implementation of risk communication for flood was found to be effective for enhancement of residuals' consciousness for both self-reliance and mutual aid in community flood risk mitigation.

著者

河田 恵昭 都司 嘉宣 松富 英夫 今村 文彦 松山 昌史 高橋 智幸

出版者

日本自然災害学会

雑誌

自然災害科学 (ISSN:02866021)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, no.1, pp.63-71, 1993-06-30

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On December 12,1992,5 : 29 a.m. UTC (1 : 29 p.m. local time), a magnitude M7.5 (USGS) earthquake struck the eastern region of Flores Island, Indonesia. A highly cooperative international survey team was formed, consisting of twenty scientists and engineers. Our Japanese team visited Indonesia on December 25,1992 to January 10,1993 and managed the field survey on earthquake and tsunami disasters. The first tsunami was reported to reach the shore of Flores Island within five minutes after the earthquake, because it is characterized as an extremely near-source event. About 1,000 people were killed by the tsunami. The maximum runup height measured is 26.2m at Kroko. Through the questionnaire the human behavior at the moment of tsunami attacking was studied. The lessons from the tsunami disaster will be useful for the Tokai tsunami prepardness in Japan.

著者

山本 晴彦 岩谷 潔 鈴木 賢士 早川 誠而

出版者

日本自然災害学会

雑誌

自然災害科学 (ISSN:02866021)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, no.2, pp.199-211, 1999-08-31

参考文献数

17

被引用文献数

2

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Gust Disaster was caused by the typhoon 9807 in Kinki District of Japan on September 22,1998. For the typhoon 9807,the peak gust in the Nara Meteorological Observatory was 37.6 m/s, which was the 3 rd record since 1953's. The Gust was observed many fire offices in western part of Nara Prefecture, the peak gust in Nishikatsuragi Fire Station of Shinjyo Town was recorded as 59.5 m/s, which was the maximum value in Nara Prefecture. Many loss in the agriculture and the forest of Nara Prefecture by this gust associated with the typhoon 9807 exceeded 34.6 billion yen.

著者

坪木 和久 榊原 篤志

出版者

日本自然災害学会

雑誌

自然災害科学 (ISSN:02866021)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, no.3, pp.351-373, 2006-11-30

被引用文献数

3

---

Accurate and quantitative forecast of heavy rainfall is one of the most important problems for disaster prevention of typhoons. A simulation experiment of Typhoon 0423 (Tokage), which landed over Japan on 20 October 2004, was performed using a cloud-resolving numerical model named CReSS (the Cloud Resolving Storm Simulator) with a horizontal resolution of 1km within a large computational domain on the Earth Simulator. The result shows that the typhoon-track, rain distribution and rainfall intensity were quantitatively simulated. The heavy rainfall in the northern Kinki District was simulated successfully. This was associated with the intrusion of the intense upperlevel rainband. The prediction of precipitation by CReSS was compared with JMA surface observations and its accuracy was evaluated statistically using parameters of RMSE, correlation coefficient, threat score, and bias score. The successful results indicate that the cloud-resolving model is useful and effective for the accurate and quantitative prediction of heavy rainfall.

著者

MIYAJIMA Masakatsu

出版者

日本自然災害学会

雑誌

自然災害科学 (ISSN:02866021)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, no.2, pp.145-157, 1991-12-31

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1989年10月17日に発生したロマプリエタ地震は、震源域付近およびサンフランシスコベイエリアのライフライン施設に多大な被害をもたらし、都市機能を一時的に麻痺させた。本報告では、上水道管路に注目し、被害の比較的大きかったいくつかの市における被害の概要を報告するとともに、管路の被害と地震条件との関係について考察を加えた。その結果、地盤の液状化が管路の被害に及ぼす影響の大きかったことなどが明らかとなった。

著者

小泉 尚嗣

出版者

日本自然災害学会

雑誌

自然災害科学 (ISSN:02866021)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, no.1, pp.41-60, 1997-05-31

被引用文献数

7

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Geochemical research for earthquake prediction is reviewed in this paper. In Japan, the term 'geochemical research for earthquake prediction' incorporates also hydrological and/or geohydrological researches for the same purpose. Brief introduction is made of the dilatancy-diffusion model on which earthquake-predictive geochemical research was largely based in the 1970's. Theoretical aspects of groundwater response to crustal strain changes in a water-saturated, porous and elastic medium are also discussed, because it seems to supplant the dilatancy-diffusion model as the theoretical basis for the earthquake-predictive geochemical research. Several studies on groundwater level, temperature, quality, and on the concentrations of Rn, He and H_2 in groundwater and subsurface gas are also briefly introduced. Some problems in this research are pointed out together with suggestions for future studies.

著者

山本 晴彦 丸山 敬 岩谷 潔 鈴木 賢士 早川 誠而

出版者

日本自然災害学会

雑誌

自然災害科学 (ISSN:02866021)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, no.4, pp.453-463, 2001-02-28

参考文献数

15

被引用文献数

5

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Typhoon 9918 (Bart) passed through the Kyushu and the western part of Chugoku district on September 24,1999. As the typhoon passed, a tornado occurred in Onoda City of Yamaguchi Prefecture. The recorded peak gust speed was 52.0 m/s at the Onoda fire station, 150 m away from the path of the tornado. The air pressure had decreased by 3.6 hPa at 7 : 59,while the minimum value was recorded as 961.6 hPa. The width of the tornado's path estimated from damags of houses was 50-150 m and its length was 5.1 km. The number of seriously injured persons was 13,and the number of houses damaged was about 650. Fujita and Piason scales were estimated to be F2 and P2 (length : 1.6-5.1 km, width : 51-160 m), respectively.

著者

梶川 正弘 卜蔵 建治

出版者

日本自然災害学会

雑誌

自然災害科学 (ISSN:02866021)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.8, no.2, pp.46-56, 1989-09-30

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A severe disaster was caused by gusts and hailfalls in Aomori and Miyagi Prefectures on September 7,1986. This report outlines meteorological conditions and damages in relation to the hailstorms. The followings are the main results. 1) The gusts accompanied by hailfalls were brought about by a group of cumulonimbi related mainly to the unstable stratification by advection of upper cold air. 2) The damage due to gust in Aomori Prefecture was the drop of apple fruits and the lodging of apple trees by a tornado. 3) Most of the damages in Miyagi Prefecture were the injury of heads of rice plants by hailfalls.

著者

太田 好乃 牛山 素行

出版者

日本自然災害学会

雑誌

自然災害科学 (ISSN:02866021)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, no.3, pp.249-257, 2009-11-28

参考文献数

12

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This paper is intended as a fundamental study of disaster prevention education based on the actual education that is occurring in different regions. A survey was administered in 426 elementary schools, 198 junior high schools and 93 high schools in Iwate prefecture and 588 schools completed the questionnaire form. This study compared disaster education in inland areas to that in coastal areas. The results showed a clear difference between the disaster education programs in inland areas and those in coastal areas. Coastal area schools are aware of the risk and conduct more aggressive disaster prevention education than inland area schools. Furthermore, schools located nearer a coast line are active in providing disaster prevention education. Coastal areas are at risk for being hit by tsunamis. However, there is no difference in the risks from other hazards, such as earthquakes, flood and sediment disasters, between inland and coastal areas. Unreasonable risk perception and regional differences in providing disaster education are undesirable from the standpoint of disaster prevention. The perception of risk by schools needs to be assessed, to see if their perceptions match the actual risks faced.

著者

河田 恵昭

出版者

日本自然災害学会

雑誌

自然災害科学 (ISSN:02866021)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.7, no.2, pp.21-35, 1988-06-30

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It is found that in Japan composite breakwaters have been exclusively constructed, while in other countries rubble mound breakwaters are very popular. This discrepancy is quite clear. The principles of breakwaters were established in Europe around 1850. At that time, wave motion in water was of course still incompletely understood. The established principles are as follows; a vertical wall reflects waves and a sloping wall absorbs wave energy through its breaking. The Yatoi who were hired foreigners had introduced the technology of breakwater construction in early modern Japan. It is pointed out that composite breakwaters have been widely used in our country since about 1900 and because it has been improved the vertical wall can control both wave forces due to breaking and reflection.

著者

渥美 公秀

出版者

日本自然災害学会

雑誌

自然災害科学 (ISSN:02866021)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, no.4, pp.350-356, 2006-02-28

参考文献数

12

著者

稲垣 意地子 大石 哲 砂田 憲吾 湯本 光子

出版者

日本自然災害学会

雑誌

自然災害科学 (ISSN:02866021)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.4, pp.401-413, 2009-02-28

参考文献数

16

---

This study aims to obtain psychological aspect of children for understanding memories of disaster prevention education materials. For this purpose attitude surveys were conducted. First, a video-story was created from past landslide disaster at Mukawa of Yamanashi Prefecture in 1959. The story contains a lesson about the disaster. From the video-story, the memories of children were analyzed by dividing the video-story into illustrations and narrations. The main finding of analysis shows that a possibility that the illustrations and the narrations of the scenes chosen by children had emotional stimuli (emotional arousal) which made the children's preserve their memories.

著者

石橋 克彦

出版者

日本自然災害学会

雑誌

自然災害科学 (ISSN:02866021)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.21, no.3, pp.190-198, 2002-11-30

被引用文献数

1

著者

山本 博文

出版者

日本自然災害学会

雑誌

自然災害科学 (ISSN:02866021)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, no.1, pp.41-53, 2007-05-30

参考文献数

15

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Fukui Heavy Rainfall on July 18, 2004 gave the great damage to the Fukui City area as well as the mountainous midstream area of the Asuwa River. The major damage in the Fukui urban area is the destruction of the embankment at the left bank of the Asuwa River. Flood water depth and flood level were measured at 146 spots, and overflow depth above the embankment of the Asuwa River was also at 10 points. In addition, flood deposits were sampled and analyzed the grain size at 32 points. The inundation water flowed into the urban area from the collapsed embankment had one main flow along the main prefectural road which extends from east to west, and pooled in the lower area of the dammed-up tributary floor.

著者

山口 正隆 畑田 佳男 佐藤 尚

出版者

日本自然災害学会

雑誌

自然災害科学 (ISSN:02866021)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, no.3, pp.255-270, 1995-01-31

被引用文献数

3

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Waves in the Western Pacific Ocean and at selected points along the Pacific coast of Japan are hindcasted for 118 typhoons from 1940 to 1991 by use of two kinds of spectral wave prediction models. The maximum wave height at each point is estimated during a typhoon. These new maximum wave height data are added to those in the concerned area for 125 typhoons from 1934 to 1983 obtained by Yamaguchi et al. to make a longer data set of maximum wave heights caused by a total of 243 typhoons from 1934 to 1991. Spatial distribution in the Western Pacific Ocean of the most extreme wave height and wave height for return period of 1OO years, and their variations along the Pacific coast of Japan, are re-estimated on the basis of statistical analysis of the data and compared with the results of Yamaguchi et al. By adding the new data, the main conclusions obtained by Yamaguchi et al. are still valid except for the data in the Western Kyushu coast.

著者

中川 一 戸田 圭一 牛山 素行

出版者

日本自然災害学会

雑誌

自然災害科学 (ISSN:02866021)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, no.3, pp.353-360, 2001-11-30

被引用文献数

2

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The Typhoon 0108 (Typhoon Toraji) attacked the eastern and central Taiwan on 30 July, 2001. This typhoon brought about the heavy rainfall distributions. In the central area of Hualien-ken and the southern area of Nanto-ken, the hourly rainfall more than 100 mm lasted 3 hours, and the total rainfall amounted to more than 400 mm. As the results, the heavy debris flows occurred in many places in both Hualien-ken and Nanto-ken, and the severe inundation flow occurred due to both overtopping flow and bank breach in Nanto-ken. By these flood and sediment disasters, more than 210 persons were killed or missing and huge damages spread out all over the country. This report summarizes the findings of these disasters obtained through the field survey.

著者

河田 恵昭

出版者

日本自然災害学会

雑誌

自然災害科学 (ISSN:02866021)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, no.1, pp.3-13, 1997-05-31

被引用文献数

3

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The objectives of this paper is to show how to estimate loss of human lives due to catastrophic earthquake disaster. The accuracy of damage estimation decides efficiency of search and rescue activity just after earthquakes in post-disaster crisis management. This is also very important to have good preparedness in pre-disaster risk management. The number of loss of human lives due to collapsed wood houses is major source of victims in our country. The data of the Great Hanshin-Awaji earthquake disaster contribute to make the damage estimation accurate. Quantitative prediction about human damage is also proposed here with new relationships in accompany with railway accidents, highway accidents and coming tsunami. Moreover, macroscopic analysis of death toll is presented from the view point of data analysis on catastrophic natural disaster.

著者

藤井 健 光田 寧

出版者

日本自然災害学会

雑誌

自然災害科学 (ISSN:02866021)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.11, no.3, pp.125-144, 1992-12-31

被引用文献数

2

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By a stochastic model, the future course and central pressure of a typhoon are simulated as a function of the motion and the change in central pressure depth. Δp, for the past six hours. The gradient wind is computed as a wind balancing to the simulated pressure pattern, and then the sea-surface wind is estimated. As a case study, occurrence probabilities of severe wind for Typhoon 9019 (FLO) are predicted for the period when it was approaching to the Japanese Main Islands. At the coast line of the Kii Peninsula, occurrence probability is 25% on three days before landfall, but it increases to 60% on two days before landfall. This model can be used in estimation of tidal waves and a design wind for huge buildings and structures, and it can be also applied to an economical planning in disaster prevention works.