著者

鈴木 介 今村 文彦

出版者

日本自然災害学会

雑誌

自然災害科学 (ISSN:02866021)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, no.4, pp.521-538, 2005-02-28

参考文献数

12

被引用文献数

1

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The purpose of the present study is to develop and improve the simulation model of tsunami attack evacuation by including the experience, recognition, and knowledge of the people in each area affected by tsunamis. Firstly, we carried out two field surveys to clarify various factors that influence selection of evacuation routes for making a synthetic judgment model. We determined regional knowledge, altitude, road information, road signs, following process, and functions on the route to be major factors in the route selection. A comparison with results of a field survey in the case of a tsunami evacuation drill at the coastal village in Sendai city shows that with the improved model, we obtained more than 80% agreement on selection of evacuation routes and time to the safety area. Secondly, we designed a questionnaire to be distributed at the time of the drill, which provided us with information to determine route selection process, parameters and initial conditions of the evacuations. Furthermore, the improved model, including means of evacuation, such as by foot or in vehicles, is developed and applied to this area. In the case assuming that all residents evacuate at the almost same time in the night, it is suggested that most traffic congestion occurs on the major roads, which long time it takes people to complete the evacuation.

著者

舩木 伸江 河田 惠昭 矢守 克也 川方 裕則 三柳 健一

出版者

自然災害科学会

雑誌

自然災害科学 (ISSN:02866021)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, no.4, pp.447-471, 2006

参考文献数

58

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In Japan, there is concern that great earthquake disasters, in Tokai, Tonankai, Nankai and the Tokyo Metropolitan area, could occur within the next few decades. Once one of these disasters happens, a larger number of deaths than in the 1995 Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake Disaster, which killed more than 6,000 people, could possibly occur. Therefore, it is necessary to find an early solution to the problem of mortuary care and cremation of deceased people after large-scale disasters. However, there has not yet been enough discussion about how to deal with, bury, and cremate dead bodies. This study first sorts out several problems related to mortuary care and cremation by examining 34 documents of the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake Disaster. Next, it identifies remaining problems after the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake Disaster. Third, it analyzes new issues related to the mortuary care and cremation when largescale disasters occur. Finally, several important findings are provided for improving present problems in the Japanese system of mortuary care and cremation.

著者

舩木,伸江

出版者

自然災害科学会

雑誌

自然災害科学

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, no.4, 2006-02-28

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In Japan, there is concern that great earthquake disasters, in Tokai, Tonankai, Nankai and the Tokyo Metropolitan area, could occur within the next few decades. Once one of these disasters happens, a larger number of deaths than in the 1995 Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake Disaster, which killed more than 6,000 people, could possibly occur. Therefore, it is necessary to find an early solution to the problem of mortuary care and cremation of deceased people after large-scale disasters. However, there has not yet been enough discussion about how to deal with, bury, and cremate dead bodies. This study first sorts out several problems related to mortuary care and cremation by examining 34 documents of the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake Disaster. Next, it identifies remaining problems after the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake Disaster. Third, it analyzes new issues related to the mortuary care and cremation when largescale disasters occur. Finally, several important findings are provided for improving present problems in the Japanese system of mortuary care and cremation.

著者

梶川 正弘 薄木 征三 武藤 哲男

出版者

日本自然災害学会

雑誌

自然災害科学 (ISSN:02866021)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, no.3, pp.249-254, 1995-01-31

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A strong wind disaster was caused by Typhoon 9119 in the Tohoku district on September 28,1991. The purpose of this report is to investigate the relationship between the surface wind field and the localization phenomena of severe forest damage by the typhoon in Akita Prefecture. The results are summarized as follows. 1)The strong wind of about 20 m/s in mean wind speed prevailed for about three hours in the restricted region of the northern inland part in Akita Prefecture. 2)This restricted region was coincident with the towns and villages suffered the severe forest damage. 3)The facts mentioned above suggest that Typhoon 9119 possessed the unique structure in the dissipating stage.

著者

岡田 夏美 矢守 克也

出版者

日本自然災害学会

雑誌

自然災害科学 (ISSN:02866021)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, no.2, pp.241-256, 2019 (Released:2019-12-23)

参考文献数

39

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近年,わが国では,学校防災教育への期待が高まっている。学校防災教育の推進のための議論には,“何を教えるべきか”,という政策的な“規範論”と,教師の側の“現実論”が存在する。 そうした議論をさらに整理すると,4つのフレームワークが存在することがわかった。すなわち,1防災の教科化,2総合的な学習の時間での実施,3既存の教科での実施,4教科横断的な実施,である。本稿では,それら4つのフレームワークに対して行われている議論や,調査の結果などをもとにして,それぞれのフレームワークが,防災教育の“規範論”と“現実論”の 共存を目指す中で,どのように評価できるかを考察した。本稿では,クロスカリキュラムの概念のもとでの防災教育の展開が,今後の学校教育現場において必要であることを結論とした。

著者

田中,聡

出版者

自然災害科学会

雑誌

自然災害科学

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, no.1, 1999-05-31

著者

佐藤 翔輔 今村 文彦

出版者

日本自然災害学会

雑誌

自然災害科学 (ISSN:02866021)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, no.4, pp.383-396, 2019 (Released:2019-05-20)

参考文献数

11

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本稿では,2018年西日本豪雨災害を対象に,発災当時に発信されていた「# 救助」ツイートに対する内容分析を,先行研究として実施した2017年7月九州北部豪雨の事例と比較しながら行った。その結果はつぎのようにまとめられる。1)「#救助」ツイートで,場所や人数等の具体的な状況を記述している「救助要請」のニーズを発信していたツイートは,分析対象の2,171件のうち,16.5 %とごくわずかであり,「救助要請」を実際に求めているツイートが埋没し,ハッシュタグ「#救助」による検索か゛困難て゛あった状況か゛定量的に確認された。2)「#救助」は付与されているものの,「救助要請」て゛はない, 「#救助」の存在や注意点を紹介するニュース記事とそのリンクや,一般ユーザーからの善意の投稿は依然として多く存在していた。「#救助」ツイート のうち,真に「救助要請」を行っていた発信の比率は,西日本豪雨災害では九州北部豪雨災害に比べて倍程度となり,やや検索・抽出しやすい状況になったものの,被災地外の不急の発信は依然として多いことが明らかになった。

著者

小坂 丈予 平林 順一 山本 雅弘 野上 健治

出版者

日本自然災害学会

雑誌

自然災害科学 (ISSN:02866021)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, no.2, pp.131-154, 1998-08-31

参考文献数

24

被引用文献数

3

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Volcanic gas disasters around active volcanoes all over Japan have occurred 27 times and 45 people have been killed since 1950. Configuration of the ground near fumarolic areas and weather conditions are the principal factors in gas accidents. Making gas-hazard maps, setting of restricted zones and installation of automatic alarm system with continuous monitoring are effective measures to prevent volcanic gas disasters. Knowledge of toxicity of volcanic gases and first aid are also helpful in reducing volcanic gas disasters.

著者

野々村 敦子 谷 淳弘 桝本 みな

出版者

日本自然災害学会

雑誌

自然災害科学 (ISSN:02866021)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, no.4, pp.407-418, 2019 (Released:2019-05-20)

参考文献数

17

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南海トラフ巨大地震が発生すると,津波の影響を受ける沿岸部のすべての人は,すみやかに避難しなければならない。強い余震が頻発する可能性を考えると,避難を強いられる期間は数日に及ぶことも視野に入れておく必要がある。津波浸水域外に避難することが最善の避難方法であるが,高台がない,避難経路が閉塞されている,体が不自由である場合などは,津波浸水域外への避難が困難な場合も考えられる。沿岸部において津波からの避難の可能性を広げるためには,避難場所の選択肢をいくつか設けておく必要がある。本研究では,まず,津波避難に向けた準備の現状を調査する。次に津波からの避難の可能性を広げるため,津波避難ビルを増やすための住民主体のワークショップを提案する。

著者

米山 祥平 竹内 康二

出版者

日本自然災害学会

雑誌

自然災害科学 (ISSN:02866021)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, no.3, pp.267-293, 2019 (Released:2019-02-13)

参考文献数

35

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本研究では災害ストレスマネジメント教育の学習プログラムをふたつ開発し,小学校におい て実施して,その有効性を検証した。参加児は小学校 5 ・ 6 年生229名であった。ふたつのプロ グラムのうちの一方は第 1 回目の授業で実施し,他方は第 2 回目の授業で実施した。第 1 のプ ログラムではストレス反応の個別の症状を知り,それらを 4 つのグループに分類できるように なることを学習のねらいとした。第 2 のプログラムではストレス対処法を選択し,実行できる ようになることをねらいとした。各授業の前後には,豊沢らの開発した尺度を元に修正を施し た尺度を用いて,質問紙調査を実施した。質問紙は各授業の終了後に回収し,統計的分析にか けた。分析の結果,授業 1 のプレテストとポストテストの間で恐怖感情が有意に増加し,特に プレテストにおいて低~中程度の恐怖感情得点を示した児童において大きく増加することが確 認された。また,授業 2 の後には,自己効力感と反応効果性が有意に増加し,脅威の深刻さが 有意に減少していた。

著者

片岡 俊一 片岡 正次郎 大町 達夫

出版者

日本自然災害学会

雑誌

自然災害科学 (ISSN:02866021)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, no.2, pp.125-142, 1997-08-30

参考文献数

17

被引用文献数

4

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To deepen our understanding on long period ground motion used for seismic design, the ground motion in the Osaka basin due to the 1995 Hyogo-ken Nanbu earthquake is studied. First, peak frequencies observed at Fukushima in Osaka city are discussed with the underground structure. Then, direction and velocity of wave propagation are estimated, using up-down component observed at very densely spaced stations in Osaka city. The velocities are close to the phase velocity of the fundamental mode of Rayleigh wave. Propagating direction is about N30W, indicating that the long period ground motion is predominated by the surface waves affected by 3-D topographical conditions. Using boundary element analysis, the 3-D effects on the ground motion is investigated, with a result that the long period ground motion is propagated from N40W direction with surface wave velocity.

著者

平原 和朗 澁谷 拓郎

出版者

日本自然災害学会

雑誌

自然災害科学 (ISSN:02866021)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, no.1, pp.3-22, 2012

著者

奥西,一夫

出版者

自然災害科学会

雑誌

自然災害科学

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, no.3, 1998-11-30

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Alluvial fans and cones on the foot of volcanoes have high hazard potential because of frequent inundation of debris flows and floods accompanying marked topographic changes. However, the social needs for the development of such lands are ever increasing, because of their high demand for recreational sites. Assessment of hazard potential and regulation of land use are thus urgent problems. This paper proposes fundamental principles for the assessment of hazard potential on the basis of a case study carried out at the Kikkakezawa Fan on the southern foot of Mt. Yatsugatake, central Japan . History of land use is summarized in Fig. 3. Existing villages are located below a major spring zone in the alluvial fan, which is fed by the groundwater in the volcanic body. Construction of a new road (PR) stimulated land developments along it and further upstream part of the fan. According to Kosaka (1992) the debris-flow deposits cover the fan in three geologically distinct ages (Fig.5). The ages of the deposition of the debris flows in the new and middle ages are estimated according to a close examination of aerial photographs (Fig.6) and a reconnaissance study of the microtopography (Fig.7). It then enables an estimation of the frequency of the debris flow inundation in the future. The site-by-site assessment of hazard potential and risk of disasters is usually difficult because the past occurrences of inundation are not always recorded and a reliable estimation of its future possibility is hardly available. It is, therefore, essential to regulate land use for individual areas on the basis of the assessment of the hazard potential from the regional viewpoint using the data about the geomorphic processes of a large time scale. In Fig.3,for example, it is obvious that the areas above the prefectural road (PR) constitute a zone of high hazard potential and high risk, among which the area of the planned extension of the golf courses (Gp) are extremely dangerous.

著者

鈴木,幸一

出版者

自然災害科学会

雑誌

自然災害科学

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, no.2, 1996-07-30

著者

山本 晴彦 岩谷 潔 鈴木 賢士 早川 誠而

出版者

日本自然災害学会

雑誌

自然災害科学 (ISSN:02866021)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, no.3, pp.305-313, 2000-11-30

著者

角屋 睦 岡 太郎 増本 隆夫 田中 礼次郎 今尾 昭夫 福島 晟

出版者

自然災害科学会

雑誌

自然災害科学 (ISSN:02866021)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.4, no.1, pp.8-20, 1985

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The west part of San'in District suffered severe disasters from slope failure and flood flows caused by record heavy rainfall, in July 23,1983. At the Hamada meteorological observatory, for instance, the maximum one-day and one-hour rainfalls were 331.5mm and 91.0mm, respectively. After delivering the outline of the meteorological conditions and damages, this paper discusses the runoff process and flood magnitude in representative mountain rivers such as the Rivers Hamada, Sufu, Misumi and Masuda applying the kinematic runoff model, and shows that flood peaks are almost near to maximum experienced values.

著者

岩谷 潔 山本 晴彦

出版者

日本自然災害学会

雑誌

自然災害科学 (ISSN:02866021)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, no.2, pp.155-163, 2006-08-31

著者

高橋 和雄

出版者

日本自然災害学会

雑誌

自然災害科学 (ISSN:02866021)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.14, no.3, pp.219-234, 1995-12-31

参考文献数

7

被引用文献数

2

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The heavy rain which swept over the Nagasaki districts on 23 July 1982,killed 299 persons and damaged so seriously to Nagasaki City and its vicinity. The local government created the committee to deliberate the reconstruction plan in Nagasaki districts. Voluntary organization for disaster prevention were formed to promote and make sure of evacuation of inhabitants by leadership of Nagasaki City. In the present work, present situations and problems of voluntary organizations for disaster prevention are investigated by questionnaire for the representative of the voluntary organizations. Information transmission, automatic warning equipment for debris flow, disaster prevention radio communication and disaster fighting drill are checked.

著者

橋本 晴行 松永 勝也 南里 康久

出版者

日本自然災害学会

雑誌

自然災害科学 (ISSN:02866021)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, no.1, pp.43-58, 2001-05-31

参考文献数

9

被引用文献数

3

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Short-time heavy rains caught people in the northern part of Kyushu on June 29,1999. In particular the biggest rainfall rate of about 100mm/h was measured in the eastern district of Fukuoka City. As a result the Mikasa River and the Sannou-Channel River overflowed their banks and the flooding water moved down the roads to the JR Hakata-eki Station. Many office buildings, subway station, shopping area of the Hakata-eki Station and the roads were inundated with water. The economic activity of Fukuoka City was damaged during the flood. After the flood disaster we had interviewed the residents and office workers from July 5 to 30 to investigate the overflowing period, and the direction and depth of inundation flow. Furthermore we had made questionnaire survey to know the response and consciousness of the residents and office workers to the flood disaster from August 6 to 30. It is found that the Sannou-Channel River began to overflow the banks around 9 : 00 and the Mikasa River around 9 : 30 on June 29. Flooding water reached JR Hakata-eki Station around 10 : 20. The response of the residents and office workers to the present flood was slow and their consciousness was weak.

著者

山本 晴彦 岩谷 潔 鈴木 賢士 早川 誠而 鈴木 義則

出版者

日本自然災害学会

雑誌

自然災害科学 (ISSN:02866021)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, no.3, pp.315-328, 2000-11-30

参考文献数

17

被引用文献数

8

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Typhoon 9918 (Bart) passed through the Kyushu and the western part of Chugoku districts on September 24,1999. The strong wind and storm surge disasters were caused by the typhoon 9918 in western part of Japan. During the typhoon passing, the peak gust speed recorded at Ushibuka weather station in Kumamoto Prefecture was 66.2 m/s, which was the maximum value in Kyushu district (exclusive of islands). The peak gust speed recorded at the Onoda fire station and the Hofu north base were 58.9 m/s and 61.2 m/s, respectively. The sea level recorded at Moji was 372 cm at 8 : 10,which was 140 cm higher than the calculated value (232 cm). The loss money by the strong wind and storm surge disasters in Yamaguchi Prefecture by the typhoon 9918 exceeded 41 billions yen.