著者
笠井 孝久
出版者
一般社団法人 日本教育心理学会
雑誌
教育心理学研究 (ISSN:00215015)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.46, no.1, pp.77-85, 1998-03-30 (Released:2013-02-19)
参考文献数
24

This study examined the effects of four situational factors related to bullying (ijime), i. e., the number of attackers, the relationship between the attacker and the attacked, the background of the act, and the type of the act, on children's cognition of an incident as ijime. Four hundred and sixty-eight primary school subjects and 318 secondary school subjects rated the degree to which they agreed the incidents, each of which was made by combining the four factors, as ijime. Three factors effect for primary school subjects' cognition, and all the factors effect for secondary school subjects', as well as some interactions, suggested that pupils' cognition of ijime was affected by a combination of these factors. Although primary school subjects considered the incidents as ijime more often than secondary school subjects, a particular type of act, neglect, was considered to be ijime by secondary school subjects more often than primary school subjects.
著者
井沢 千鶴子
出版者
一般社団法人 日本教育心理学会
雑誌
教育心理学年報 (ISSN:04529650)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.41, pp.194-204, 2002-03-30 (Released:2012-12-11)
参考文献数
58

The Atkinson-Shiffrin (A-S, 1968) model enhanced James' (1890) dual memory processes (short-, long-term memory/STM, LTM) over Ebbinghaus' (1885) unitary process. But, Baddeley and Hitch (B-H, 1974) attempted to replace STM by working memory (WM).The Japanese Monbu-sho previously translated WM as “Sagyo Kioku, ” but later changed to “Sado Kioku.” All 30 Japanese-English bilinguals (Exp.1) and 19 Chinese-English bilinguals (Exp.2) selected “Sagyo Kioku” as expressing WM best, and 98% rejected “Sado Kioku”. Results underscore the necessity for reviving the older, more accurate terminology, “Sagyo Kioku” henceforth.The alleged demise of STM/replacement of STM by WM claimed by some WM enthusiasts/sympathizers appears inappropriate: No objective signs of the diminution of STM research, contrasted with WM activities, emerged via Psychological Abstracts, Citation Indices, and the thrusts of 39 critiques in Cowan (2001). Both STM research and the evolution of A-S type models continue to thrive with greater vigor than those of WM.Definitions of WM diffe r greatly among individual models/experiments. Such difficulties are compounded because WM does not adequately describe the psychological processes by excessively limiting itself to the memory components alone, stifling creative development of this field.To resolve current terminological chaos, Izawa (2001) proposed Working Cognit i o n (WC), a far more comprehensive construct that involves all cognitive processes (including memory) necessary for solving any task. The strengths of WC dwell in its capacity to accommodate many problems/issues raised by representative models because WC includes all cognitive processes and their dynamic and flexible properties toward a Newell (1990) type unified theory.
著者
柳岡 開地
出版者
一般社団法人 日本教育心理学会
雑誌
教育心理学研究 (ISSN:00215015)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.64, no.3, pp.395-406, 2016-09-30 (Released:2016-10-31)
参考文献数
40
被引用文献数
1

私たちは日常様々な場面でスクリプト(Schank & Abelson, 1977)を利用している。スクリプトは, 様々な場面に共通する要素と場面特異的な要素から構成される。本研究ではこうした要素間の区別を, 場面変更時に柔軟に利用できるようになる発達過程とその認知的基盤に関する検討を行った。実験1では, 幼児67名を対象に柳岡(2014)の人形課題を改良した課題を実施した。実験2では, 幼児66名を対象として2つの時期に分けて, 実験1と同様の人形課題, 実行機能を測定する赤/青課題, DCCS, 9ボックス課題の3課題, 語彙能力を測定する絵画語い発達検査を実施した。本研究の人形課題では, ある行き先にむけて人形に服を着せる途中に, 他者が別の行き先への変更を指示する課題であった。この課題では, “着替えスクリプト”の共通要素と固有な要素を区別して変更できるかどうかを測定した。結果, 幼児期後期になると, 2つの行き先間で変更する際に共通の要素を脱がさず固有の要素のみ変更していたことから, スクリプトを柔軟に利用できることが明らかとなった。さらに, その認知的基盤として実行機能の発達が関連することが示唆された。
著者
高橋 美保
出版者
一般社団法人 日本教育心理学会
雑誌
教育心理学年報 (ISSN:04529650)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.56, pp.98-112, 2017-03-30 (Released:2017-09-29)
参考文献数
61
被引用文献数
4

本論は2015年7月から2016年6月末までの1年間の教育心理学における臨床心理学領域の研究動向と課題を論じるものである。前半は日本教育心理学会第58回総会の発表について, 研究の動向と課題を論じている。後半は, 臨床心理学に関する3つの学術雑誌から56の論文を抽出し, 臨床心理学的問題, アセスメント, 臨床心理学的援助, 専門職教育の視点から研究動向を整理し, 最後に, 今後の課題を述べた。
著者
古屋 喜美代 田代 康子
出版者
一般社団法人 日本教育心理学会
雑誌
教育心理学研究 (ISSN:00215015)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.37, no.3, pp.252-258, 1989-09-30 (Released:2013-02-19)
参考文献数
14

The present study was carried out to investigate the changes occuring while listening to a picture book. Two picture books based on the book “A DUCK AND A FOX” were made. One was constructed from the viewpoint of the duck, and the other from the viewpoint of the fox. The children could talk freely to each other in the test sessions. The main results were as follows.(1) Both the viewpoint of the book and the personality of the characters affected the viewpoint of the children. But children themselves often changed their point of view.(2) Children talked about many episodes concerning the duck while only a few episodes were given concerning the fox. It seemed that the duck was more appealing to the children showing a certain identification and a more sympathetic feeling with the duck than with the fox.
著者
青木 みのり
出版者
一般社団法人 日本教育心理学会
雑誌
教育心理学研究 (ISSN:00215015)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.41, no.1, pp.31-39, 1993-03-30 (Released:2013-02-19)
参考文献数
15
被引用文献数
3

The purpose of this study was to explore the influences of double-bind communication on human information processing system and emotion, and to examine how vocal information with incongruence of tone of voice and verbal content would be perceived and memorized. The experiment was carried out with 2-2 design of (tone of voice: positive vs negative), and (verbal content: positive vs negative). The subjects (80 female undergraduates) were derived into 4 groups of 20 persons each. Subjects while presented tape-recorded passages were asked to rate some scales about the passages, and to reproduce the passages as close to the original as possible. The results were as follows: 1) passages perceived as incongruent by subjects were recalled less than those perceived congruent; 2) recall errors were induced by the tone of voice; 3) subjects with high trait anxiety recalled less than those with low trait anxiety when perceiving incongruence, and 4) the passages with negative tone of voice and positive verbal content were perceived incongruent, while the opposite (positive tone of voice and negative verbal content) was not.
著者
森永 康子
出版者
一般社団法人 日本教育心理学会
雑誌
教育心理学研究 (ISSN:00215015)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.45, no.2, pp.166-172, 1997-06-30 (Released:2013-02-19)
参考文献数
15
被引用文献数
2 1

Work values among women college graduates (N=399) in their sixth to eighth year after college graduation were investigated. Approximately 70% of the study sample were found to be currently employed outside the home. Many working women were single without children, while married women with children did not have jobs outside the home. Although employment, marital status, and parental status were predicted to relate to women's work values, only marital status turned out to be significant. Married women placed a higher value on gender equality and family concerns than did single women. The relationship between individual job turnover and work values was also explored ; women who changed jobs were found to place more importance on intellectual stimulation than those who did not. In the analysis of future work plans, it was found that those who planned to pursue their jobs for a long period or to reenter the work force showed work value patterns significantly different from those of their counterparts.