著者

三浦 恭子

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

ファルマシア (ISSN:00148601)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, no.3, pp.225-227, 2017

---

ハダカデバネズミ(naked mole-rat, <i>heterocephalusglaber</i>, デバ)は,その名の通り裸で出歯のげっ歯類である(実はよく見ると感覚毛と呼ばれる毛がまばらに生えている)(表紙写真).自然下ではエチオピア・ケニア・ソマリアの地下に,数十~数百匹の集団で生息する.ガス交換が乏しく気温が安定している地下トンネルで暮らしており,トンネル内の位置によってはかなりの低酸素(~7%)かつ高二酸化炭素(<10%)環境になる.デバは視覚が退化しており,ヘモグロビンの酸素親和性が高く,また電位依存性ナトリウムチャネル(Nav1.7 voltage-gated sodium channel)の変異により酸への非感受性を示すことが報告されている.また,体の恒温機能はほとんど失われており,外温性で低体温(約32℃)である.研究室ではアクリルボックスをパイプで複数連結したケージを用い,温度30℃・湿度60%に調節された通常大気下で飼育を行っている.自然下では根茎を食べているが,実験飼育下ではイモ・ニンジン・リンゴ・オートミールなどを与えている.<br>デバは「真社会性」と呼ばれる分業制の社会を形成することで知られている.真社会性とは,昆虫のアリ,ハチ,シロアリなどでみられる,2世代以上が共存し繁殖個体とその繁殖を手伝う不妊個体から成る社会形態を指す.現在確認されている真社会性ほ乳類は,デバと近縁のダマラランドデバネズミだけである.コロニー内で繁殖を行うのは1匹の女王と1~3匹の王のみで,その他の個体は,生殖機能が未発達なままワーカーやソルジャーとして巣内の仕事に携わる.女王化のメカニズムは,現在のところほとんど分かっていない.我々は,MRIを用いたデバ三次元脳アトラスの作製を行い,ワーカーが女王になる際の脳内変化について解析を進めている(関ら,未発表).

著者

池田 幸弘

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

ファルマシア (ISSN:00148601)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, no.3, pp.256-257, 2017

---

名鉄名古屋駅から犬山線,犬山駅からは広見線に乗り継いで新可児まで行き,そこからさらに御嵩行ワンマン列車に乗り込み,のどかな田園風景に見とれていると間もなく明智駅に到着した.無人駅のため運転手さんに切符を手渡して下車し,ちょうど駅前に停車しているバスに乗り込んだ.バスはこの先の名鉄八百津線が2001年に廃線となったため,代替として運行されている.ここまで来るとすっかり小旅行の気分になってしまっているが,弾む気持ちをおさえながら元役場前にて下車した.

著者

松木 則夫

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.116, no.9, pp.710-718, 1996-09-25 (Released:2008-05-30)

参考文献数

31

被引用文献数

7 9

---

In this review, I have attempted to provide an overview of the pathways by which cytotoxic drugs induce emesis. The mechanisms of serotonin 5-HT3 antagonists and new antiemetics are also discussed. Old data especially from the experiments employing area postrema ablation must be re-evaluated because it is likely that the operation has damaged other important nucleus in the brain stem. Therefore, the concept of the chemoreceptor trigger zone and "vomiting center" proposed by Borison et al. in 1950s is questionable. Nausea and vomiting caused by cytotoxic drugs have been a serious problem in anti-cancer therapy and prompted lots of scientists to find the mechanism and to develop antiemetics. Effectiveness of 5-HT3 antagonists were shown in late 1980s, and now they are clinically available. I have investigated their mechanisms using Suncus murinus and proposed that the pathways by which cisplatin, one of most emetogenic drugs, induces emesis are as follows : 1) cisplatin is converted to an active metabolite (s), 2) the metabolite (s) somehow produces oxygen free radicals in the enterochromaffin cells, 3) the free radicals release serotonin, 4) the released serotonin stimulates 5-HT3 receptors located on the vagus afferents, 5) impulses are transmitted to the brain stem, or emetic pattern generator and initiate emetic reflex. Therefore, scavengers of free radicals and antioxidants can be a new type of antiemetic drug.

著者

大石 晴樹 畑山 泰道 白石 浩己 柳沢 和也 佐方 由嗣

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.105, no.3, pp.300-303, 1985-03-25 (Released:2008-05-30)

参考文献数

9

被引用文献数

8 8

---

An attempt has been made to develop an automated instrument that measures the turbidity change in gelation reaction of a solution containing endotoxin and Limulus amoebocyte lysate, and quantifies endotoxin by determining gelation time of the sample. This instrument monitors the ratio R (t) of the sequential to the initial transmittance of up to 64 samples simultaneously and independently at 10 s increments. As the samples are stationarily incubated at controlled temperature of 37±0.5°C, the objective judgement of gelation is provided without any disturbance from sample vibration. Defining gelation time as the time required to obtain 5% decrease of R (t), the well correlated calibration curve was obtained for endotoxin concentration from 1 pg/ml to 100 ng/ml. The coefficients of variation of the calculated endotoxin concentration were 5.64 to 14.1%. The judgement of gelation by this method agreed well with that by the conventional gel-clot method when the proper measuring time (about a half of that by the conventional method) was selected.

著者

藤原 博 石田 説而 島崎 義男 内藤 誠之郎 土谷 正和 松浦 脩治

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.110, no.5, pp.332-340, 1990-05-25 (Released:2008-05-30)

参考文献数

17

被引用文献数

1 3

---

The amounts of endotoxin in commercial blood products were measured by the turbidimetric kinetic Limulus test with an ordinary reagent (LAL-HS) and a new endotoxinspecific reagent (LAL-ES). LAL-ES contains a sufficient amount of a water-soluble (1→3)-β-D-glucan derivative as a blocker of the (1→3)-β-D-glucan-mediated coagulation pathway in the reaction of the Limulus amebocyte lysate. The amounts of endotoxin in alubumin and globulin products measured with LAL-ES agreed with pyrogenic activities in rabbits, but those measured with LAL-HS did not. Added endotoxin in the blood products was well recovered with LAL-ES, but that in some products was excessively recovered with LAL-HS. The amounts of endotoxin in diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus combined vaccines measured with LAL-HS and LAL-ES agreed with the pyrogenic activities in rabbits. The results suggested the existence of a false-positive substance like β-glucan in the blood products but not in the vaccine. LAL-ES is more suitable for the detection of endotoxin in blood products than LAL-HS.

著者

白石 忠義 亀山 啓司 今井 直博 堂本 剛史 勝見 郁男 渡辺 清

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin (ISSN:00092363)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, no.3, pp.974-981, 1988

被引用文献数

23

---

A series of α-cyanocinnamamide derivatives was synthesized and evaluated for inhibitory activity against tyrosine-specific protein kinase using intact plasma membrane fractions from an epidermoid carcinoma cell line, A-431 cells. Among these compounds, several novel α-cyano-4-hydroxy-3, 5-disubstituted cinnamamide derivatives, e.g., α-cyano-3-ethoxy-4-gtdrixt-5-phenyl-thiomethylcinnamamide (ST 638), showed potent inhibitory activity. The studies on the structure-activity relationship revealed that the presence of the hydroxy group at the 4 position and the double bond in the α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamamide skeleton was important for potent inhibitory activity, and that the presence of hydrophobic groups at the 3 and 5 positions on the benzene ring also enhanced the inhibitory activity of α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamamide derivatives.

著者

栗尾 和佐子 小西 元美 奥野 智史 中尾 晃幸 木村 朋紀 辻 琢己 山室 晶子 山本 祐実 西川 智絵 柳田 一夫 安原 智久 河野 武幸 荻田 喜代一 曽根 知道

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.134, no.11, pp.1199-1208, 2014 (Released:2014-11-01)

参考文献数

11

被引用文献数

2 1

---

The Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, offers the Self-improvement and Participatory Career Development Education Program: Internship and Volunteer Training Experience for Pharmacy Students to third-year students. We previously reported that the training experience was effective in cultivating important attributes among students, such as a willingness to learn the aims of pharmacists, an awareness of their own role as healthcare workers, and a desire to reflect on their future careers and lives. A follow-up survey of the participants was carried out three years after the training experience. The questionnaire verified that the training experience affected attendance at subsequent lectures and course determination after graduation. We confirmed the relationship between the participants' degree of satisfaction with the training experience and increased motivation for attending subsequent lectures. Through the training experience, participants discovered future targets and subjects of study. In addition, they became more interested in subsequent classroom lessons and their future. The greater the participants' degree of satisfaction with their training experience, the more interest they took in practical training and future courses. The present study clarified that the training experience was effective in cultivating important attributes such as a willingness to learn and an interest in future courses. Moreover, the training positively affected the course determination after graduation.

著者

富田 真雄 久郷 威彦

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

藥學雜誌 (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.79, no.3, pp.317-321, 1959

被引用文献数

16

---

Alkaloids contained in the domestic <i>Berberis Tschonoskiana</i> REGEL. (Japanese name &lsquo;Ohba-megi&rsquo;) were examined and 9 kinds of bases listed in Table II were isolated. Of these, 3 kinds of tertiary bases, obamegine, obaberine, and of m.p. 89-92&deg; are new bases first discovered from this plant (cf. Table III).

著者

榎木 英介

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

薬学雑誌. 乙号 (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.138, no.4, pp.459-464, 2018

---

Cases of research misconduct (fabrication, falsification, and plagiarism) have been increasing worldwide, including in Japan. In particular, since 2006, many cases of research misconduct have been reported in Japan, and these cases have also been covered by the media. The 2014 case of the withdrawal of articles on STAP cells followed a rare course in which research misconduct became a full-blown social phenomenon. In recent years, even the University of Tokyo has experienced reported cases of research misconduct. In this report, I would like to introduce some representative cases of research misconduct in the field of life sciences over the past decade. These examples include studies conducted at Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine (2006), Osaka University Graduate School of Frontier Bioscience (2006), Ryukyu University School of Medicine (2010), Toho University School of Medicine (2012), The University of Tokyo Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences (2013), and several cases outside of Japan. I will discuss what researchers should do to reduce the incidence of research misconduct. In addition, I will discuss how these cases were covered by the media, because the public's impression of research misconduct is formed by media coverage.<br>

著者

多胡 憲治

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

ファルマシア (ISSN:00148601)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.50, no.3, pp.249, 2014 (Released:2016-04-19)

参考文献数

2

---

1980年代初めから,悪性新生物であるがんは日本国民の死因の第1位になっており,その治療法や予防などの対策が非常に重要な問題になっている.そのため,発がん機構を理解し,その抑制機構を解明することを目指した研究が急速に進んでいる.なお,本稿は下記の文献に基づいて,その研究成果を紹介するものである.1) Seluanov A. et al., PNAS, 106, 19352-19357 (2009).2) Tian X. et al., Nature, 499, 346-349 (2013).

著者

玉川 雅之

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

ファルマシア (ISSN:00148601)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.54, no.5, pp.446-447, 2018 (Released:2018-05-01)

---

1954年に当社初のOTC医薬品として発売された殺菌消毒薬「リバガーゼ」。主成分アクリノールの優れた殺菌力によって傷口を殺菌、消毒する。本品は発売してから製品改良を重ねながら、ラインアップを拡げ今日に至っている。「リバガーゼ®F」は傷口につかない特殊フィルムを採用し利便性を高めている。2018年に創業119周年を迎えた当社の沿革や医薬品製造方針、アクリノールの生い立ちも併せながら、製品特徴や使用方法を紹介する。

著者

土屋 守克 長田 浩平 荒川 浩 髙橋 誠一 亀井 優徳 松井 悠子 間藤 卓

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.18-00152, (Released:2019-04-04)

参考文献数

18

---

The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of two types of medication administration-assisting food. The subjects were 30 caregivers of children from one to eight years old hospitalized in the pediatrics unit of a university hospital, and 30 nurses caring for them. The caregivers gave medications to their children using two types of administration-assisting food, “chocolate” and “jelly.” A questionnaire was prepared to investigate the efficacy of the administration-assisting food, and the caregivers and nurses responded to the questionnaire after the medication was given. The questionnaire data included many positive responses regarding the administration-assisting food, demonstrating its efficacy. The caregivers of children aged ≥4 years responded that the “chocolate” type was more effective than the “jelly” type in administering medications. There also tended to be a positive opinion of the “chocolate” among the nurses of children aged ≥4 years. However, the opinion of the “chocolate” and “jelly” were equivalent among the nurses of children aged <4 years. The reasons for these results were thought to be that the children were at an age when their sense of taste was developing and changing, plus correlations with past experience of the food and differences in the properties of the administration-assisting food. Easiness of swallowing of administration-assisting foods may be important for children whose taste is underdeveloped. However, the taste of administration-assisting foods may be important for children with taste development. Selecting administration-assisting foods based on these factors may be useful for the smooth administration of medication.

著者

永田 実沙 岩田 加奈 曽根 知道 安原 智久

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.139, no.5, pp.817-826, 2019-05-01 (Released:2019-05-01)

参考文献数

22

被引用文献数

5

---

The use of medical supply vehicles (mobile pharmacies) as a disaster measure developed after the Great East Japan Earthquake in 2011 when a massive tsunami destroyed the medicine supply system. In the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake, mobile pharmacies were dispatched from Oita, Wakayama, and Hiroshima and contributed to medical treatment in the disaster area. In this study, we conducted an interview to structure the mental conflicts of the pharmacists supporting the disaster victims by means of the mobile pharmacies, a novel medical support tool. We conducted a semi-structured interview of 21 pharmacists. The modified grounded theory approach was used for data collection and analysis. As a result, 36 concepts and 13 categories were generated. The support pharmacists maintained mobile pharmacies as a method for cooperation among multiple occupations, and talked about further collaboration in the operation of mobile pharmacies.

著者

服部 浩二

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

MEDCHEM NEWS (ISSN:24328618)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, no.1, pp.57, 2016

著者

津田 恭介 吉田 信一郎 山田 正義 丸谷 吉雄

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

薬学雑誌. 乙号 (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.66, no.7, pp.151-152, 1953

著者

大下 敏隆 山口 明子 服藤 恵三

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

衛生化学 (ISSN:0013273X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.41, no.1, pp.77-84, 1995-02-28 (Released:2008-05-30)

参考文献数

30

被引用文献数

1

---

The analytical method for N-ethyl-3, 4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (EMDA), one of the hallucinogenic phenethylamine derivatives newly controlled in Japan, was investigated in several aspects of forensic chemical analysis. The standard EMDA was synthesized from piperonylmethylketone. We analyzed EMDA, its related compounds (3, 4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), 3, 4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA) and ethylamphetamine (EA)) and a seized sample containing EMDA, methamphetamine and caffeine using color test, thin-layer chromatography (TLC), infrared spectrometry (IR), gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatographymass spectrometry (GC-MS). Under the analytical conditions described here, we succeeded in complete separation and identification of these drugs. It may also be possible to apply our method for the intake of drug abuse such as EMDA.

著者

水谷 五郎 趙 越 Hien Thi Thu Khuat 岡島 麻衣子 金子 達雄

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.139, no.3, pp.351-362, 2019-03-01 (Released:2019-03-01)

参考文献数

42

---

Second-order nonlinear optical images of aggregates of the ampholytic megamolecular polysaccharide sacran under various stimuli were observed by optical second-harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy. SHG intensity microspots of several tens of micrometers in size are seen for sacran cotton-like lumps and fibers and they have very clear incident polarization dependence. In these microspots, the sacran molecules are oriented in concentric multilayers. We also observed SHG images of sacran prepared in a needle-ring electrode with applied voltage, where SHG was enhanced near the negatively biased needle electrode. We also observed SHG signals near the cast film edges of sacran. The appearance of the SHG image suggested a phase-separation structure in sacran aggregates. These results show that sacran molecules aggregate in several different ways.

著者

寺田 智祐

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.136, no.11, pp.1469-1476, 2016-11-01 (Released:2016-11-01)

参考文献数

47

---

After the year 2000, the treatment of cancer remarkably changed, including the development of outpatient cancer chemotherapy. Meanwhile, we have encountered many clinical problems related to cancer patient pharmacy services. To resolve these problems, I have tried to establish the individualized and optimal cancer pharmacotherapy utilizing the findings of basic research. In this review, three topics of my research will be introduced. 1) In 2005, information regarding the genetic polymorphism of UGT1A1*28 was described in the package insert of the drug irinotecan in the United States. At that time, however, there was little similar information for Japanese patients. Through clinical research, we demonstrated that UGT1A1*6 was a significant factor for neutropenia, as induced by irinotecan. 2) Tyrosine kinase inhibitors are mainly used at a fixed dose, but wide interpatient variability has been observed relative to their pharmacokinetics and/or pharmacodynamics. To overcome these variations, clinical and basic pharmacological research on erlotinib, sorafenib and sunitinib was carried out. Especially, in sunitinib therapy, we demonstrated that the breast cancer resistant protein in the intestine functions as a limiting factor for oral absorption, and that therapeutic drug monitoring could be helpful for avoiding severe toxicities, resulting in prolonged progression-free survival. 3) We quantitatively assessed side effect management by pharmacist intervention for outpatient chemotherapy. We calculated the improvement ratio between before and after pharmacist intervention, and found that 135 suggestions (50.8%) led to significant improvements, indicating that pharmacist intervention could be useful for attenuating the side effects of cancer chemotherapies.

著者

松本 健次郎

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.134, no.11, pp.1165-1170, 2014-11-01 (Released:2014-11-01)

参考文献数

14

---

Primary afferent nerve fibers are highly associated with visceral hypersensitivity state of inflammatory bowel disease. Hypersensitivity of afferent fibers occurs during inflammation, and therefore to gain insight into the alteration of receptors and channels, we examined receptors such as 5-HT receptors and transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1), which are expressed in primary afferent neurons. The current study was designed to investigate the time-dependent dynamic changes of 5-HT3 receptors, 5-HT4 receptors, TRPV1 channels, and 5-HT regulatory factors in DSS-induced colitis model mice. Colitis was induced by 3% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) solution given as drinking water in C57BL/6J mice. Immunohistochemical analysis and visceromotor responses to colorectal distension were measured during induction of DSS colitis (day 0, 4 and 7). Progress of the inflammation led to down regulation of serotonin transporter immunoreactivities with concomitant increases in 5-HT and tryptophan hydroxylase-1 positive cell numbers. TRPV1-expressing nerve fibers gradually increased during DSS treatment. Abundant non-neuronal TRPV1-immunopositive cell like structure was observed on day 7 of DSS treatment, but not on day 4. The number of 5-HT3 receptor-expressing nerve fibers increased in mucosa on day 7. On the other hand, 5-HT4 receptor-expressing nerve fibers decreased on day 7. TRPV1 antagonist and 5-HT3 receptor antagonist attenuated the visceral hyperalgesia to control level in the DSS-induced colitis model. We made the novel observations of increased neuronal/non-neuronal TRPV1 channel and 5-HT3 receptor expression, and decreased 5-HT4 receptor expression in mucosa. Moreover, we show that a correlation existed between the mucosal changes and visceral hypersensitivity in experimental colitis.

著者

浦山 隆雄

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

ファルマシア (ISSN:00148601)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.44, no.12, pp.1183-1188, 2008-12-01 (Released:2018-08-26)