著者

橋本 正史

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

ファルマシア (ISSN:00148601)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.6, pp.534-538, 2016

---

2015年4月からスタートした機能性表示食品の中で機能性成分としてルテインとゼアキサンチンがあるが、消費者の認知はまだそれほど高くない。表示例としては「ルテイン、ゼアキサンチンには眼の黄斑色素量を維持する働きがあり、コントラスト感度の改善やブルーライトなどの光刺激からの保護により、眼の調子を整えることが報告されています」というのがある。表示の科学的根拠は何か又安全性はどうかということについて紹介したい。

著者

中村 通子

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

ファルマシア (ISSN:00148601)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.44, no.7, pp.660-662, 2008-07-01 (Released:2018-08-26)

参考文献数

3

---

予防接種に対する市民の関心を,新聞に掲載された投書から考えた.関心は,2000年代前半から大きく高まっていることが分かった.その一方で,市民に届く情報は十分ではなく,関係学会の社会的責務は大きくなっている.市民が納得し,受け入れる予防接種にするためには,双方向型の情報提供の努力と,新しいワクチン開発,そして社会経済学的な見地を含めた合意作りに向けた議論が必要だ.

著者

中舘 和彦 本島 健人 鎌田 純人 吉田 哲朗 疋田 真彬 若松 永憲

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.134, no.7, pp.829-838, 2014-07-01 (Released:2014-07-01)

参考文献数

24

被引用文献数

3 7

---

Type 2 diabetes caused by chronic obesity is a major lifestyle-related disease. The present study aimed to determine the pathological changes in hepatocytes in chronic obesity. To develop our type 2 diabetes mouse model, we induced chronic obesity to mice by monosodium glutamate. By overeating, the mice significantly increased their body weight compared with age-matched healthy animals. To analyze the pathological changes in hepatocytes of chronic obesity before preclinical stage of type 2 diabetes, the mice were analyzed by hematoxylin-eosin staining of tissue sections at 15 w of age. In these mice, we observed eosin-negative accumulations of hepatocytes around central veins in the hepatic lobule. By Oil-Red O staining, the eosin-negative granules were identified in the lipid droplets. We then ascertained whether these lipid droplets of hepatocytes in the obese mice could be modified by diet. After 24 h of diet restriction, the lipid droplets of hepatocytes in the obese mice were swollen. Furthermore, after 48 h of the diet restriction, the lipid droplets continued swelling and the autophagy-like structures that were found in the healthy mice under the same condition in the obese mice were not observed. These results suggest that the obese mice might have delayed energy metabolism, which might have influenced the mechanisms of hepatocytes. These findings provide new insight into the functional changes in chronic obesity-induced type 2 diabetes and it is possible that the pathological feature make a contribution to promise the target of pharmacological therapy.

著者

生田 智樹 三浦 健 篠塚 和正

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.139, no.11, pp.1463-1470, 2019-11-01 (Released:2019-11-01)

参考文献数

27

被引用文献数

3

---

Since “Foods with Function Claims” system was established in 2015, the percentage of people taking health foods and supplements is gradually increasing. The number of people taking both dietary supplements and medicines is also increasing. Therefore, providing information on interaction between dietary supplements and medicines has become increasingly important. We have conducted a study for understanding the awareness of the consumers on the interaction of health foods and supplements with medicines. The ratio of those who do not consult with an informed opinion on the interaction between health foods and supplements with medicines was 76% and 55.2% admitted that they did not experience any side effects as a result of this interaction. In conclusion, the understanding of the interaction between health foods and medication among consumers is still limited and most of them do not consult with specialized physicians. It has been revealed that efforts to expanding the consumers understanding on the risk of interaction between supplements and medicines are necessary. It was suggested that the “Database for guiding the interaction between medicines and health foods” could be a useful tool for providing this type of information.

著者

渡辺 恭良

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

ファルマシア (ISSN:00148601)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.43, no.1, pp.21-25, 2007-01-01 (Released:2018-08-26)

参考文献数

9

著者

松浦 寿喜 吉川 友佳子 升井 洋至 佐野 満昭

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.124, no.4, pp.217-223, 2004-04-01 (Released:2004-03-27)

参考文献数

25

被引用文献数

17 22

---

The inhibitory effects on the intestinal digestion and absorption of sugar of health teas that claim beneficial dietary and diabetes-controlling effects were compared in rats using portal cannulae. The measured durations were the times during which the elevation of portal glucose levels resulting from continuous intragastric infusion of sucrose or maltose was suppressed by concentrated teas. The teas investigated included salacia oblonga, mulberry, guava, gymunema, taheebo, yacon, and banaba. The duration of the inhibitory effect on the sucrose load of salacia oblonga, mulberry, and guava were 110 min, 20 min, and 10 min, respectively. In contrast, gymunema, taheebo, yacon, and banaba had no significant effect on the continuous infusion of sucrose. These results suggest that there is considerable difference in the efficacy of commercial health teas in influencing glucose absorption.

著者

鈴木 哲哉

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

ファルマシア (ISSN:00148601)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.4, no.6, pp.442-445, 1968-06-15 (Released:2018-08-26)

著者

有富 正和

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.82, no.5, pp.771-773, 1962-05-25 (Released:2010-02-19)

参考文献数

12

被引用文献数

1 3

---

Astragalin was isolated and identified from the flower petals of Rosa multiflora THUNB. Astragalin and trifolin were separated and identified from the flower petals of Rubus hirsutus THUMB.

著者

正山 征洋

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.127, no.10, pp.1593-1620, 2007-10-01 (Released:2007-10-01)

参考文献数

92

被引用文献数

4 4

---

In order to quality control for medicinal plants such as Aconitum charmicaelii, Rhemannia glutinosa, Atractyrodes lancea, Pinellia ternata, Panax species and Gentiana scabra were clonally micropropagated by tip tissue culture and embryogenetic techniques. Monoclonal antibodies against the bioactive compounds contained in the crude drugs were prepared and set up the ELISA as a high sensitive and quick determination method. A newly developed eastern blotting methodology can stain typically the only antigen molecule and the related compounds having a same aglycone. Knockout extract can be prepared by using an immunoaffinity column conjugated with monoclonal antibody, and its importance has been discussed. Single chain fragment-variable gene against solamargine was cloned and transformed to a host plant, Solanum chasianum resulting in the increase of antigen molecule as 2.5 to 3 times. Three biosynthetic enzymes regarding marihuana compounds, THCA-, CBDA-, CBCA-synthases were isolated. THCAsynthase was cloned, over expressed and confirmed its characteristics including FAD combining enzyme, and finally determined the structure by X-ray analysis. The distribution of THCAsynthase was also investigated using its and GFP hybrid gene. We found new functions for saffron like improving learning and memory and LTP for blocking by ethanol. A folk medicine in Taiwan, Anoectochilus formosanus was propagated in vitro and investigated opening new pharmacological activities in lipid methabolism.

著者

内藤 俊一 橋本 庸平 百瀬 雄章 榊原 仁作

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

ファルマシア (ISSN:00148601)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, no.9, pp.773-778, 1979-09-01 (Released:2018-08-26)

著者

濱田(佐々木) 幸恵

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

ファルマシア (ISSN:00148601)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.9, pp.883, 2016 (Released:2016-09-02)

参考文献数

5

---

記憶には,ものを覚えること(記銘),覚えていること(保持),覚えていることを想い出す(想起)という過程がある.記銘には,訓練によって何かを習得するという学習と内容的には同じであるが,感覚情報を知覚し,固定して,記憶痕跡とする過程が含まれる.最近では,記憶を情報処理的な観点から取り扱うことが行われており,記銘をコード化,保持を貯蔵,想起を探索と呼んでいる.これまでの研究では,それぞれの記憶過程で個別の神経回路単位が対応しているのか,また記憶を探索して想起するとき海馬以外の領域が関わるかについて実験的に明確になっていない.本稿では,Rajasethupathyらによって報告された,記憶想起に関わる前頭前皮質から海馬への投射経路の役割について紹介する.なお,本稿は下記の文献に基づいて,その研究成果を紹介するものである.1) Rajasethupathy P. et al., Nature, 526, 653-659 (2015).2) Frankland P. W., Bontempi B., Nature Rev. Neurosci., 6, 119-130 (2005).3) Ressler K. J., Mayberg H. S., Nature Neurosci., 10, 1116-1124 (2007).4) Taylor S. F. et al., Biol. Psychiatry., 71, 136-145 (2012).5) Wilson S. J. et al., Nature Neurosci., 7, 211-214 (2004).

著者

飯尾 彩加

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

ファルマシア (ISSN:00148601)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.12, pp.1159, 2016 (Released:2016-12-01)

参考文献数

3

---

麻薬性鎮痛薬は,多幸感や快楽に加え,使用中止による嫌悪感や退薬症候の回避のため,「心」と「体」が薬を止めたくても止められない状態にする.麻薬性鎮痛薬を使用し続けようとする強い欲求は,快楽や嫌悪感回避のいずれも脳内報酬系と呼ばれる神経回路により調節されており,側坐核と呼ばれる脳領域が重要であると指摘されている.これまでの研究から,側坐核への様々な神経系の入力が快楽や多幸感を調節していることは明らかになっているが,薬物の中断による嫌悪感や退薬症候を回避するための薬物への強い渇望における側坐核の役割については,あまり知られていなかった.Zhuらは,この麻薬性鎮痛薬の中止時に見られる嫌悪感や退薬症候が,快楽を作り出す脳領域と同じ領域で作り出されるが,異なる神経回路を利用して生み出されることを明らかにしたので紹介する.なお,本稿は下記の文献に基づいて,その研究成果を紹介するものである.1) Zhu Y. et al., Nature, 530, 219-222 (2016).2) Pascoli V. et al., Nature, 509, 459-464 (2014).3) Browning J. R. et al., Drug. Alcohol. Depend., 134, 387-390 (2014).

著者

山﨑 ゆきみ

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

ファルマシア (ISSN:00148601)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, no.7, pp.710-711, 2017 (Released:2017-07-01)

参考文献数

1

---

私は薬学部を卒業後,海上保安庁に入庁し,今年で35年目になる.このうちの25年間,分析鑑定業務と呼ばれる仕事に携わってきた.今回,縁あって,このコラムに投稿する機会を頂いたので,入庁のいきさつを交え,海上保安庁での仕事を紹介したい.

著者

北 泰行

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.122, no.12, pp.1011-1035, 2002-12-01 (Released:2003-02-18)

参考文献数

109

被引用文献数

13 17

---

Biologically active natural products with unique, highly complex molecular skeletons have been used as leading compounds for raw materials of new drugs. Due to the limitations of natural supply, highly efficient, large-scale syntheses and molecular design have been sought in drug discovery. For this purpose, we have focused on a synthetic strategy effective in developing novel reactions and reagents and found several useful regio- and stereospecific reactions, contributing to the synthesis of otherwise unattainable target molecules. The application of these reactions for the total synthesis of three types of potent cytotoxic natural products for the first time is described in this paper. The basic concept is first described. Then the total synthesis of anthracyclines, fredericamycin A, and discorhabdins is reported. Novel reactions using hypervalent iodine reagents under environmentally benign conditions are also described. The future prospects for this method are discussed.

著者

矢野 育子

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.139, no.10, pp.1227-1234, 2019-10-01 (Released:2019-10-01)

参考文献数

31

---

Pharmacometrics is the mathematical study of pharmacokinetics, disease progression, and clinical outcomes. One objective of pharmacometrics is to facilitate rational drug treatment in patients, also termed clinical pharmacometrics. In this review, our clinical pharmacometric studies conducted over the last 10 years are discussed. Population pharmacokinetic analysis using therapeutic monitoring data for levetiracetam revealed that oral clearance allometrically scaled to both body weight and estimated glomerular filtration rate can accurately predict clinical data from patients of various ages (pediatric to elderly) with varying renal function. Dosage adjustments based on renal function in the package information are effective in controlling the trough and peak concentrations in similar ranges. In addition, a retrospective pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study revealed that the efficacy of low-dose clobazam therapy was significantly influenced by CYP2C19 polymorphisms. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic models were successfully built using electronic medical information to explain retrospective international normalized ratio values of prothrombin time before and after catheter ablation in warfarin-treated patients. Simulation studies suggest that more than 20 mg of vitamin K2 is unnecessary in the preoperative period of catheter ablation. A physiologically based pharmacokinetic model adapted to tacrolimus pharmacokinetic data in patients who underwent living-donor liver transplantation was constructed, and clarified that oral clearance of this drug was affected by CYP3A5 genotypes in both the liver and intestine to the same extent. In conclusion, pharmacometrics is a useful methodology for individualized and optimized drug therapy.

著者

恩田 光子 高垣 伸匡

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.138, no.5, pp.645-647, 2018-05-01 (Released:2018-05-01)

参考文献数

3

被引用文献数

3

---

Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences has included an evidence-based medicine (EBM) exercise in the introductory education for clinical practice for 4th-year pharmacy students since 2015. The purpose of this exercise is to learn the process of practice and basic concepts of EBM, especially to cultivate the practical ability to solve patients' problems and answer their questions. Additionally, in 2016, we have attempted flipped teaching. The students are instructed to review the basic knowledge necessary for active learning in this exercise by watching video teaching materials and to bring reports summarizing the contents on the flipped teaching days. The program includes short lectures [overview of EBM, document retrieval, randomized controlled trials (RCTs), and systematic review], exercises [patient, intervention, comparison, outcome (PICO) structuring, critical appraisal of papers in small groups with tutors], and presentations. The program includes: step 1, PICO structuring based on scenarios; step 2, critical appraisal of English-language papers on RCTs using evaluation worksheets; and step 3, reviewing the results of the PICO exercise with patients. The results of the review are shared among groups through general discussion. In this symposium, I discuss students' attitudes, the effectiveness of small group discussions using flipped teaching, and future challenges to be addressed in this program.

著者

清水 忠 安原 智久

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.138, no.5, pp.629, 2018-05-01 (Released:2018-05-01)

著者

山口 貴弘

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

ファルマシア (ISSN:00148601)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.54, no.3, pp.257, 2018 (Released:2018-03-01)

参考文献数

2

---

多剤耐性菌は世界中で急速に発生拡散しており,多剤耐性菌感染症による健康リスクは増大している.近年,多剤耐性菌感染症の治療に効果的であるとしてコリスチンが再注目されている.コリスチンは1950年に日本で発見された抗菌薬であり,主に家畜の飼料添加物として世界中で利用されている.ヒトに対しては,腎毒性や神経毒性等の副反応が強く,使用は限定されていた.しかし,多剤耐性菌感染症の最終選択薬として,日本でも2015年に一部の多剤耐性グラム陰性菌の感染症治療薬として適応が認められた.多剤耐性菌に対する「最後の切り札」として期待されているコリスチンであるが,2015年にプラスミド性コリスチン耐性遺伝子(mobilized colistin resistance gene)mcr-1を持つ大腸菌が初めて報告され,それ以降,各国で臨床検体,食肉等から数多く検出されている.また,mcr-1以外のプラスミド性コリスチン耐性遺伝子が次々に報告され,多剤耐性菌感染症の治療への影響が懸念されている.プラスミド性コリスチン耐性が拡散している原因は,コリスチン耐性遺伝子を持つプラスミドが,同種もしくは異種の細菌に水平伝達していくことや,可動性挿入配列IS(insertion sequence)のような転移因子(transposable genetic elements)による拡散が考えられる.今回はISの一種であり,コリスチン耐性拡散の要因とされているISApl1に関する研究について紹介する.なお,本稿は下記の文献に基づいて,その研究成果を紹介するものである.1) Liu Y. et al., Lancet Infect. Dis., 16, 161-168(2016).2) Poirel L. et al., Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 61, e00127-17(2017).

著者

丸茂 義輝 瀬田 季茂

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

衛生化学 (ISSN:0013273X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.6, pp.381-387, 1981-12-31 (Released:2008-05-30)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

1 1

---

It has been noted that the contents of trace elements in hairs vary with difference of position in the same head, age, sex, hair cosmetic treatment and enviromental pollution. This paper describes the rapid analytical method of calcium in small hair segments (1 cm) using flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometry and the variation of calcium content in the hairs with the permanent wave treatment. Calcium was determined with the rocovery of 99% by ashing in platinum crucible followed by dissolving the residue in water by stirring with the glass covered magnetic spin bar. Loss of calcium was observed when the porcelain crucible or the glass flask was used as ashing ware, and the tefron covered magnetic spin bar caused contamination of calcium. The analytical results obtained by this method agreed with those of the other investigators determined by neutron activation analysis or atomic absorption analysis. In the hairs which had never permanent-waved the calcium concentrations were 200-1000 ppm and showed a general tendency to increase slightly from the root to the distal end of the hair. On the other hand, the permanent-waved hairs showed higher calcium concentrations (2000-4500 ppm). Adsorption of calcium on the treated hairs was dependent on pH, showing that after the hair previously treated with permanent wave reagents were soaked in city water (pH 6.8) calcium content increased and that no significant increase was observed by soaking in acidic calcium solution (pH 3). Calcium adsorbed on the treated hairs was removed by soaking in dilute hydrochloric acid (1→20). The above results suggested that permanent wave treatment is responsible for increasing ionexchangeable calcium in the hair.

著者

金子 雅幸

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.136, no.6, pp.805-809, 2016-06-01 (Released:2016-06-01)

参考文献数

26

被引用文献数

2 6

---

Studies on endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated degradation (ERAD), in which unfolded proteins accumulated in the ER are selectively transported to the cytosol for degradation by the ubiquitin-proteasome system, have been focused on molecular mechanisms in yeast. In human, disruption of the ER quality control system causes various diseases, such as neurodegenerative disease, lifestyle disease, and cancer. However, there are many ERAD genes with unknown physiological and pathological functions. We identified the novel ubiquitin ligase HRD1 involved in ERAD. HRD1 is expressed in brain neurons and protects against ER stress-induced apoptosis. In familial Parkinson's disease, accumulation of Parkin-associated endothelin receptor-like receptor (Pael-R), a substrate of ubiquitin ligase Parkin involved in ERAD, causes ER stress and apoptosis. We demonstrated that HRD1 promotes ubiquitination and degradation of Pael-R and suppresses ER stress and apoptosis induced by Pael-R. Amyloid precursor protein (APP) is processed into amyloid β (Aβ) in Alzheimer's disease. We found that HRD1 promotes APP ubiquitination and degradation, resulting in decreased generation of Aβ. Furthermore, suppression of HRD1 expression causes APP accumulation and Aβ generation associated with ER stress and apoptosis. Interestingly, HRD1 protein levels significantly decreased in the cerebral cortex of Alzheimer's disease patients, possibly because of its insolubilization. We demonstrated that HRD1 protein was insolubilized by oxidative stress, resulting in the accumulation of HRD1 into the aggresome. In conclusion, oxidative stress-induced HRD1 insolubilization might be involved in a vicious cycle of increased Aβ production and Aβ-induced oxidative stress in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis.