著者

三島 浩路

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, no.1, pp.41-50, 2003-08-06 (Released:2017-01-13)

被引用文献数

4

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This study aimed, first, to examine sex differences in bullying behavior, and second, to probe for any relationships between "bullying among close friends" and the pupil's social skills and exclusiveness. A questionnaire was conducted, and approximately 450 fifth and sixth graders served as participants. The following results were obtained. Females experienced more bullying from close friends than did males, and this experience was likely to affect relational satisfaction with friends among females more than with friends among males. Furthermore, path-analysis was conducted to determine if social skills and exclusiveness might predict victimization as well as bullying. The path model fit males better than females, with both predictors having significant paths to the two outcome factors, while females only showed exclusiveness as predictive of these factors, and not social skills.

著者

和田 万紀

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.4, no.1, pp.47-53, 1989-03-15 (Released:2016-11-23)

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This study aimed to examine the distraction-conflict theory presented by Sanders, G.S. which explains social facilitation in terms of subject's cognitive processes. From his theory follow three testable hypotheses: (1) the conflict between attention to the task and the distraction during performance would facilitate simple task performance through producing drive effects: (2) task performance with the coactor performing the different task would not be facilitated because of the impossibility to obtain comparison information about one's task performance with the coactor's: (3) more attention to the distraction than that to the task would impair simple task performance. 19 male and 16 female subjects were randomly assigned to one of the following four experimental conditions, that is, performing simple task alone, simple task with the auditory distraction, different task from the coactor's, and different task from the coactor's with the auditory distraction produced by the coactor. Results supported the first hypothesis, while the second was not at all and the third was only partially confirmed. These results suggested the necessity to reexamine the distraction-conflict theory.

著者

及川 晴 及川 昌典

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, no.1, pp.24-31, 2012-08-31 (Released:2017-03-01)

被引用文献数

2

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Similarities and differences between explicit and implicit moods were addressed by examining the affective consequences of suppressing emotional life events. Consistent with previous findings, explicit mood (PANAS) and implicit mood (IPANAT) were similarly affected by positive or negative mood inductions. Interestingly, however, when asked to suppress their emotions toward a positive or a negative life event, participants were able to do so for explicit mood, but not for implicit mood. These findings suggest that although the act of emotional suppression leads to changes in explicit accounts of one's own mood state, implicit affect remains active, which unconsciously spills over to later evaluative judgments. Implications of distinguishing explicit and implicit moods are discussed.

著者

高林 久美子 沼崎 誠

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, no.2, pp.141-150, 2010-12-20 (Released:2017-02-21)

被引用文献数

2

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This study investigated how women show prejudice and stereotyping implicitly toward female subgroups. We examined the effects of primed and chronic self-representations on implicit prejudice and implicit stereotyping. We predicted that when self-representation as a traditional woman was more dominant compared to self-representation as a nontraditional woman, participants would regard housewives as more favorable than career women, and would regard the targets as stereotypic. Female participants, who had completed the Scale of Egalitarian Sex Role Attitude (SESRA), were asked to picture the future themselves as a career woman or a housewife. Then they engaged in two types of IAT to measure prejudiced responses and stereotypic responses toward female subgroups. We found that participants who were primed with their self-representations as a traditional woman enhanced implicit stereotypic responses toward female subgroups compared to those who were primed with self-representations as a nontraditional woman. We also found that traditionalists (i.e., those with low evaluations in SESRA) implicitly evaluated housewives more favorably than career women and than egalitarians (i.e., those with high evaluations in SESRA). These results suggested that prejudiced responses and stereotypic responses are independent.

著者

下村 英雄 堀 洋元

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, no.2, pp.93-105, 2004-11-22 (Released:2017-01-14)

被引用文献数

7

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This study investigated the uses and impacts of information sources, such as web sites, alumni and friends, during college student job hunting. Forty-nine college students (27 males, 22 females) were surveyed longitudinally regarding the information they sought for. This information was categorized into four types: company characteristics, company impression, job hunting methods, and self during job hunting. Results showed that there was a specific information medium that enabled the participants to acquire the required information easily. In particular, participants indicated that the information obtained from alumni was useful, as well as generally fruitful. However, web sites and friends were not particularly effective information sources with regard to obtaining desired results.

著者

唐沢 かおり

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, no.2, pp.119-126, 2003

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This study examined the determinants of privileged persons' attribution of responsibility to under-privileged persons for a solution to a predicament. The data was collected from the participants of SIMINSOC (Hirose, 1997). Two hundreds and seventy-three participants randomly assigned to either rich regions (privileged) or poor regions (under-privileged) engaged in various activities in the game and completed a questionnaire. The results indicated that the higher the perception of unfairness by the privileged participants the higher their attribution of their own responsibility to solve the predicament. Furthermore, privileged participants who attributed their efforts to an achievement believed that under-privileged participants should exert more effort to solve the predicament. The discussion considered the implications for promoting privileged persons' supportive attitudes toward the under-privileged.

著者

西村 洋一

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, no.2, pp.124-134, 2003-12-15 (Released:2017-01-13)

被引用文献数

1

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This study investigated the motives of socially anxious people who use the Internet, how they rate their communication on the Internet, and how they feel in terms of adaptation and satisfaction of their personal relationships on the net. The main results were as follows. (1) People who had a high level of trait social anxiety, especially those under twenty years of age, were highly motivated to use the Internet for the formation of personal relationships. (2) Total evaluation of Internet communication was not as favorable as that for face-to-face communication, but socially anxious people did evaluate their Internet communication higher for than for face-to-face with regard to affective evaluation. (3) Those with trait social anxiety, had greater adaptation and satisfaction in personal relationships on the Internet than those without the trait, only if the motivation to use the Internet for formation of personal relationships was high, and the evaluation of Internet communication was also high.

著者

山本 和郎

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.4, no.2, pp.68-77, 1989

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The purpose of this paper reviewed the studies concerning community stress in the research field of social psychology, sociology, environmental-architectuatal psychology, community psychology and psycho-somatic medicine. First, the useful definition of community for studying on the stress of community is examined. Second, the evaluation studies on the aspects of community in terms of community satisfaction are main approach particulary in social psychology. This approach is able to grasp on which aspects of community the inhabitants are dissatisfied, however the paper insisted that it is needed which aspects of community the inhabitants want to improve toward the government of their community. The QOL contribution model (Murrell & Noris 1988) is introduced from the research field of community psychology for this purpose. Third, the studies concerning the effect of community on psycho-somatic health are examined. We should progress on more detail research including the elements of social support and coping resources interacting stress aspects.

著者

志岐 裕子

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, no.2, pp.189-197, 2006-11-30 (Released:2017-02-08)

被引用文献数

1

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This study had two purposes:(1) to investigate the effects of coviewers on participants' responses to humor, and (2) to investigate the effects of expectations of the role of entertainers on participants' perceptions of humor. One hundred and forty undergraduate student participants were asked to answer a questionnaire, imaging they were in the situations presented. In the case of aggressive humor, participants answered that they would perceive it to be funnier when they watched it with a friend rather than with an acquaintance. In the case of sexual humor, they answered that they would consider it to be funnier if they watched it with a friend or a person of same sex rather than with an acquaintance or a person of the opposite sex. Participants also indicated that they would moderate their responses more with an acquaintance or a person of the opposite sex, than with a friend or a person of the same sex. Lastly, participants reported that humor stimuli were funnier when performed by more familiar entertainers.

著者

酒井 智弘 相川 充

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.1924, (Released:2021-01-20)

参考文献数

34

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The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of gratitude-expression skills on the benefactor in a dilemma situation. The method experimentally employed a confederate who met participants for the first time and executed gratitude-expression skills on them in a “Prisoner’s Dilemma Game” (PDG). An experimental group in which the confederate executed the gratitude-expression skills was compared with a control group in which the confederate did not do so. The results showed the experimental group had higher average and medium or higher effect size regarding the participants’ cooperative behavior in a PDG, the state of reciprocity consciousness, and interpersonal attraction for the confederate than the control group. This study found the positive effect of gratitude-expression skills on motivating the benefactor’s cooperative behavior and enhancing reciprocity consciousness and interpersonal attraction for the confederate even in a dilemma situation.

著者

石田 裕昭

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, no.3, pp.208-215, 2005-03-25 (Released:2017-01-14)

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The present study explored perfectionists' task-strategy and its inefficiency in the information-seeking task from the misregulation perspective. Participants were divided into two groups on the basis of Perfectionism Cognitions Inventory (PCI). Twenty-eight students, 15 high- and 13 low-perfectionism participants, were asked to prepare for the test by gathering information, which was designated as either important or unimportant. The amount of unimportant information was regarded as a tangential strategy, such that too much effort or excessive persistence would impair the efficiency in the task. The hypothesis tested was that high perfectionists' inefficient strategy would lead to a drop of their test score. The results suggested that high-perfectionists collect unimportant information more than low-perfectionists, and resulting in them attaining a lower test score. Our findings indicated that perfectionists' high motivation and adherence to problem solving, coupled with their use of careful strategy, could backfire.

著者

川浦 康至

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, no.1, pp.115-116, 2007-08-01 (Released:2017-02-08)

著者

坂西 友秀

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.11, no.2, pp.105-115, 1995-12-15 (Released:2016-12-04)

被引用文献数

4

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This study has the following two aims. First, it is aimed at investigating the effect of a victim's coping style with bullying with regard to resolving bullying problems. Second, it is aimed at exploring long term effects of bullying on a victim. The main results of the first part of this study were as follows: 1. The active reaction of victim's to the assailant increased the rate of improvement or complete resolution of the bullying problem. When a victim asked somebody (for example, his/her school mates, family, teacher, or all of the above) to help, the results indicated improvement or complete resolution. However, no resistance by a victim increased the possibility of continuing bullying. 2. Bullied experiences have long term influences on a victim in various ways such as physical, active, social, and psychological. In the second study, the victim's self-perception and his/her perception of other victims concerning the long term influence of bullying were compared. The victim's self-evaluation was significantly smaller than his/her evaluation of other victims. These results were analysed from victim's defensive attitude, and differences in perception between actor and observer.

著者

鈴木 淳子

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2, no.2, pp.45-54, 1987

被引用文献数

2

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The present paper aims 1) to construct an objective feminism scale which measures the level of awareness of sexual equality and the independence of Japanese women and 2) to test the reliability and validity of this scale. A survey was conducted of 174 women between the ages of 20 and 59. The questionnaire consisted of 2 parts: 1) a feminism scale and 2) demographic and psychographic variables. The responses to the scale were statistically analyzed using GP analysis, factor analysis and coefficient reliability. The results show that the scale is reliable as a measurement of feminist awareness as I have defined it. The subjects were (1) divided into three groups (high, medium, low) on their level of awareness and (2) classified into groups for each variable. The fact that significant quantitative differences were found among the 3 groups based on various demographic and psychographic characteristics (e.g. age, education, marital status, work/plans and role consciousness) indicates the validity of the scale.

著者

坂西 友秀

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, no.1, pp.53-63, 1997-09-30 (Released:2016-12-13)

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In the first study, subjects of two groups read a news item reporting about an 'infant murder' with experts comments. One group received comments stressing the intent of the infant to commit murder (Intent comment), the other, comments emphasizing parents' responsibility for taking care of the child (Parents comment). Subjects of the control group read the item without comments. Each subject of the three groups was randomly assigned to receive either the high or low source credibility conditions (Credibility conditions). The main effects of comments, and comments × source credibility interaction effects were significant. In the low source credibility conditions, comments had no effects on subjects' causal judgments. However, in high source credibility condition, Intent comment made subjects attribute the strongest responsibility to the infant of the three comments conditions. In the second study, subjects read the news with Intent comment paired with Parents comment. They made intermediate attributions between Intent comment and Control conditions. Importance of source credibility of mass media and expert comment focusing on intent of the person concerned were discussed.

著者

池内 裕美 藤原 武弘 土肥 伊都子

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, no.1, pp.27-38, 2000-07-25 (Released:2016-12-20)

被引用文献数

2

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"Extended self" is defined as "the aggregation of all obiects that people regard as a part of themselves; for example, their body parts, parents, friends, pet animals, job, social roles, etc." The purposes of this study were 1) to investigate the emotional reaction of involuntary loss of the extended self, that is, "material possessions" and 2) to examine the structure of "extended self" and its relation to the values attached to the possessions. We collected samples from the victims of the 1995 Hanshin Earthquake (209 university students) and the 1994 Northridge Earthquake (87 university students). The questionnaire asked them to describe what kind of favorite possessions they lost, the emotions when they lost them, the values they attached to the possessions and to what extent they regarded the external objects as a part of themselves. The results showed both similarities and differences between the victims of two earthquakes. The main findings were as follows: 1) Most victims of both earthquakes showed a similar emotional reaction, that is, "sadness" to the loss of important possessions. 2) For the values they attached to their lost possessions, "functional value," "emotional value," "self-presentational value," and "symbolic value of relationship" were extracted. 3) The more emotional value the victims of the Hanshin Earthquake gave to their possessions, on the other hand, the more self-presentational value the victims of the Northridge Earthquake gave to their possessions, the more the victims of both earthquake regarded their possession as a part of extended self.

著者

森本 裕子 渡部 幹 楠見 孝

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, no.2, pp.108-119, 2008-11-30 (Released:2017-02-10)

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We investigated how differently people punish a free-rider in three experiments. Experiment 1 was conducted to examine how individual levels of trust and self-fairness influence their punishing behavior in a 5-person social dilemma. The results showed that trustful and unfair people, as well as distrustful and fair people, punish a free-rider more. To account for these results, we carried out a vignette-type study in Experiment 2, in which participants rated how likely they were to engage in a variety of punishing behaviors that typically happen in the real world. A factor analysis indicated that people usually assign two different types of meanings to punishing behaviors. One is "Vengeance," which unfair people, regardless of their levels of trust, tend to inflict; the other is "Warning," which tends to be favored by fair people. The results of Experiment 3, another vignette study, showed that observers also consider Vengeance as unfair and Warning fair. These findings imply that participants assigned one of the two meanings to their punishments in Experiment 1 depending on their levels of trust.

著者

趙 善英 松本 芳之 木村 裕

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.1, pp.1-12, 2011-08-25 (Released:2017-02-22)

被引用文献数

1

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of recalled parental childrearing behaviors on self-esteem in Japanese and South Korean undergraduate students from the viewpoints of behavior analysis. The participants were 201 Japanese students and 206 Korean students. The results showed that the more they recalled that their parents spoke positively about their relatives to others and the more they recalled that they were praised by their parents when they spoke positively about their relatives to others of childhood, the more they were likely in both countries to speak positively about their relatives to others. Furthermore, they were more likely to have high self-esteem. The results also showed that the larger the difference between present self-evaluation and self-evaluation spoken to others, the lower the self-esteem in Japan. On the other hand, the more they had experience of being praised and the more they recalled that they were praised by their parents when they spoke positively about their relatives to others of childhood, the higher the self-esteem in Korea.

著者

和田 実 山口 雅敏

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, no.2, pp.125-136, 1999-12-20 (Released:2016-12-15)

被引用文献数

1

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The purpose of this paper was to reveal the relationships between social exchanges and the quality of a romantic relationship from various social exchange perspectives, analyzing the couple as a unit. Subjects were 92 couples. Major findings were as follows: 1. Perceptions of equity and equality within the romantic dyad weren't related. On the other hand, the values of maximizing own outcome model, maximizing other's outcome model, maximizing joint outcome model, and investment model were positively related. 2. The lesser the discrepancy between the couple's self-outcome and that of equity model were, the greater the couple's satisfaction was. The lesser the discrepancy between the couples' investment model was, the greater the couple's commitment was.

著者

久保田 健市 吉田 富二雄

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.11, no.2, pp.116-124, 1995

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Two studies using the minimal group paradigm were conducted to investigate the intergroup discrimination in an experimentally created minority and majority groups. In both studies, subjects were divided into the minority and the majority group by drawing lots, and asked to allocate points between other ingroup members and outgroup members. In the first study, it was found that the minority group showed significant ingroup favouritism whereas the majority group did not. The minority group was more aware of their membership in the group than their counterpart. In the second study, subjects were led to believe that the minority group and the majority group had either similar or different social attitude. On the whole, both the minority and the majority group favoured a similar group and discriminated against a dissimilar group. The effects of attitudinal similarity in minimal groups were discussed.