著者

稲増 一憲 池田 謙一

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, no.2, pp.103-112, 2009-11-30 (Released:2017-02-20)

---

In this research, the effects of interpersonal relationships, psychological intimacy, and frequency of conversation on the motive to share new information or refer to shared information were examined by means of a survey using topic selections of conversation. There are contradictory findings in previous research on whether intimacy promotes referring to shared information or unshared information, as the studies confuse psychological intimacy and frequency of interaction. The results of our sampling survey showed that psychological intimacy increased topic selection based on the motive to share new information while frequency of conversations increased topic selection based on the motive to refer to shared information. In addition, psychological intimacy and frequency of conversations had an interaction effect on topic selection based on the motive to share new information. The results indicate that psychological intimacy and frequency of interaction should be distinguished, as this will assist in eliminating the confusion in previous studies.

著者

土井 聖陽 高木 修

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, no.1, pp.73-79, 1993-12-25 (Released:2016-12-02)

---

The effects of apology and the changes of affection under four types of social predicaments were examined by canonical correlation analysis. Subjects were asked to imagine themselves as the harm-doer and the victim in one of four scenarios that were designed with combinations of high and low levels of the harm-doer's responsibility and the victim's damage. The findings were as follows: (1) a small number of apology components were used when the victim's damage was severe; (2) social predicaments were generally unpleasant, because the harm-doer and/or the victim felt aggressive affections (disgust, anger and hatred) in every situation; (3) apologies had positive and negative effects on the affection of the harm-doer and victim according to the difference of social predicaments.

著者

高木 彩 小森 めぐみ

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, no.3, pp.126-134, 2018

---

<p>This study distinguished between subjective and objective knowledge of scientific technology whose influence on health is yet to be defined, and explored the effect of each type of knowledge on risk perception. A web-based survey among the Japanese population (<i>N</i>=1,110) was conducted. It assessed the subjective and objective knowledge of electromagnetic field (EMF), interest in EMF, risk perception, and trust on the related organizations. The results indicated that respondents' objective knowledge about EMF was generally poor. Their subjective knowledge and objective knowledge were significantly correlated, but the strength of correlation was moderate. Multiple regression analysis yielded significant subjective×objective knowledge interaction on risk perception. While objective knowledge consistently attenuated risk perception, subjective knowledge boosted risk perception only when respondents' objective knowledge level was low. The possibility of the potential influence of reputation of EMF on the boosted subjective knowledge about EMF was discussed.</p>

著者

有光 興記

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, no.1, pp.1-11, 2001-08-29 (Released:2017-01-06)

---

The present study revealed lay theories about 'agari' experiences. 'Agari' is a Japanese noun (the verb form is 'agaru') , referring to broad experiences including 'stage-fright', 'choking under pressure' and 'social anxiety'. Based upon the self-reports of 429 subjects, a 68-item questionnaire on the causes for 'agari' experiences (CAEQ) was constructed. Another 371 subjects completed the CAEQ, and a factor analysis of their responses revealed seven factors: "worry about failure", "pressure", "personality traits and emotional states", "insufficiency", "other awareness", "unfamiliarity", and "sense of inferiority". Next, hierarchical cluster analysis was performed and the results divided twelve 'agari' situations into four clusters of situations: "competition/test", "other sex", "presentation not requiring success", and "public evaluation". The clusters were differentiated by "pressure" and "other awareness" factors. These results were discussed in terms of lay theories' common and different characteristics between 'agari' eliciting situations.

著者

上笹 恒 菱山 謙二 堀 洋道

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.3, no.1, pp.48-56, 1987-11-20 (Released:2016-11-22)

---

Tsukuba Science City is a newly constructed city situated within the old farming areas of Tsukuba, Japan. The new development, therefore, has had a great impact not only on the original inhabitants of the central district but also on the others in the nearby areas. With the progress of the construction of the new city, the consciousness, values, attitudes, and behaviors of the population have been transformed from the traditional to the modern type. Six sets of survey data on attitudes and behaviors were collected over 10 years period. Based on these data, we made first the index of diversity of attitudes and behaviors which may represent the level of urbanization of the residents' consciousness. Then, into a mathematical model integrating time and space, we formulated the process of change in this index at several regions for 10 years period. The result indicates the model to be fitted well enough to describe the urbanization process according to the distance from the center of the town and to the lapse of time since the basic year.

著者

町 一誠 樋口 匡貴 深田 博己

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.21, no.3, pp.173-186, 2006-02-08 (Released:2017-02-07)

被引用文献数

2

---

This study aims to examine the effects of a speaker's use of dialect on the impression given by that person. The experimental conditions were as follows : (1) the speaker used a common language and a dialect with appropriate code-switching according to the situation; (2) the speaker used the same, but with inappropriate code-switching; (3) the speaker consistently used a common language; and (4) the speaker consistently used dialect. The subjects consisted of two hundred and eighty undergraduate students, some of whom were native speakers of the dialect while others were not. The experiment revealed that the impression given by and the interpersonal attractiveness of a speaker who used a common language and a dialect with appropriate code-switching according to the situation were more favorable. On the other hand, the impression given by and the interpersonal attractiveness of a speaker with inappropriate code-switching were less favorable. These results were discussed from the viewpoint of the evaluation of the dialects in Japan.

著者

竹中 一平 落合 萌子 松井 豊

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究

巻号頁・発行日

2018

---

<p>In modern society, the filtering of illegal or harmful content on the Internet is necessary for the healthy development of young people. However, the mental damage that Internet filtering workers may suffer has been overlooked. We examined occupational stress and related factors among Internet filtering workers in Japan. Workers (<i>N</i>=160) in a company providing a web-content filtering service completed a questionnaire. The percentage of all respondents with high-risk Impact of Event Scale Revised (IES-R) scores was 10.4% and with high-risk General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) scores was 47.0%. These results indicated that rates of mental damage among Internet filtering workers were as high as those of firefighters and journalists. IES-R and GHQ-12 scores were used as the dependent variables in the quantification method (Type 1). The results showed that these scores related to stress responses in the aftermath of witnessing traumatic illegal or harmful content, emotional empathy, and so on.</p>

著者

宮川 裕基 谷口 淳一

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究

巻号頁・発行日

2018

---

<p>This research explored whether self-compassion buffers people against perceived threat in the face of job rejection and enables them to invest their internal resources in job hunting again. It also examined whether intrinsic-improvement orientation toward job hunting moderates the relation of self-compassion to the reinvestment of resources. In Study 1, a total of 153 Japanese undergraduates responded to a hypothetical scene about being rejected at a job interview for a sought-after company. Results indicated that self-compassion was negatively related to perceived threat and that the positive relation of self-compassion to resource reinvestment in job hunting was significant only among those high in intrinsic-improvement orientation toward job hunting. In Study 2, a total of 50 job-hunting students recalled their own job rejections and reported on how they had coped with them. Results replicated the main findings of Study 1, indicating that self-compassionate people are less likely to overestimate threat from their rejection and that they are more likely to reinvest their internal resources in job hunting when they are high in intrinsic-improvement orientation toward it.</p>

著者

今瀧 夢 相田 直樹 村本 由紀子

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究

巻号頁・発行日

2018

---

<p>The present study examined how leaders' evaluation and judgment of members are influenced by their "implicit theories" (<i>e.g.</i>, Dweck, 1999). Participants were asked to play the role of team leader and then observed a team member performing poorly. They were asked to decide how much reward they should distribute to the failed member and to allocate the remaining time between him/her and a new member who had not yet worked on the task. As a result, participants who believe in malleable abilities (incremental theorists) increased the evaluation of the failed member when that member claimed that he/she made an effort, whereas participants who believe in fixed abilities (entity theorists) evaluated that member based only on outcome. Furthermore, entity theorists expected a new member to achieve an average level of performance and allotted more time to him/her, whereas incremental theorists expected a new member's performance to be below average. There was no difference between their expectations of the failed member's next performance. Results suggest that entity theorists may be better than incremental theorists at placing the right people in the right place.</p>

著者

竹中 一平 落合 萌子 松井 豊

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.1609, (Released:2018-01-31)

参考文献数

34

---

In modern society, the filtering of illegal or harmful content on the Internet is necessary for the healthy development of young people. However, the mental damage that Internet filtering workers may suffer has been overlooked. We examined occupational stress and related factors among Internet filtering workers in Japan. Workers (N=160) in a company providing a web-content filtering service completed a questionnaire. The percentage of all respondents with high-risk Impact of Event Scale Revised (IES-R) scores was 10.4% and with high-risk General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) scores was 47.0%. These results indicated that rates of mental damage among Internet filtering workers were as high as those of firefighters and journalists. IES-R and GHQ-12 scores were used as the dependent variables in the quantification method (Type 1). The results showed that these scores related to stress responses in the aftermath of witnessing traumatic illegal or harmful content, emotional empathy, and so on.

著者

佐藤 有紀 五十嵐 祐

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 = Japanese journal of social psychology (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, no.2, pp.93-100, 2017-12

著者

福島 治

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 = Japanese journal of social psychology (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, no.2, pp.73-83, 2017-12

著者

戸谷 彰宏 中島 健一郎

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 = Japanese journal of social psychology (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, no.2, pp.84-92, 2017-12

著者

宮崎 弦太 矢田 尚也 池上 知子 佐伯 大輔

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, no.2, pp.61-72, 2017

---

<p>This study investigated the determinants of <i>exchange anxiety</i> in close relationships—generalized worries that one's partner will replace him/her with a more suitable person. We hypothesized that exchange anxiety would increase when individuals compare themselves with others who are more competent (experiencing upward social comparisons), especially in environments where they cannot easily find alternative relationships (environments with low relational mobility). By experimentally manipulating the type of social comparison, the results from Study 1 revealed that undergraduates (<i>n</i>=299) living in environments with low relational mobility felt stronger exchange anxiety when they experienced upward social comparison than downward social comparison. In Study 2, an online survey was conducted with a sample of adults living in either urban or rural areas (<i>n</i>=1000). The results showed that the frequency of upward social comparison was positively associated with exchange anxiety and that this tendency was moderated by the combined effect of relational mobility and trait self-esteem. These results suggest that the characteristics of one's interpersonal environments affect the impact of the perceived risk of being replaced on exchange anxiety in one's close relationships.</p>

著者

金政 祐司

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, no.3, pp.274-284, 2007-03-20 (Released:2017-02-08)

被引用文献数

3

---

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between early adult attachment styles, self-perceptions and other's-perceptions (participants' impressions from their close friends) in friendships, and also to examine the effects of attachment styles and discrepancies between participants and their friends in terms of self-perceptions on evaluations of their relationships. Participants, 210 undergraduates, were asked to pair with their same-sex close friend in class and answered several questions. Results showed that "avoidance" attachment dimension was generally negatively related to positive self-perceptions in friendships. Also, similar tendencies were obtained on other's-perceptions. Moreover, the discrepancies between participants and their friends in terms of evaluations of their relationships increased as "avoidance" dimension increased. These results suggest that "avoidance" dimension is related to low levels of adjustment in the friendships. In addition, the discrepancies between self-perceptions of "sociability" were positively and those of "attractiveness" were negatively related to the discrepancies between evaluations of relationships.

著者

今在 慶一朗 内山 博之 今在 景子

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, no.2, pp.94-103, 2013-01-20 (Released:2017-03-02)

---

According to traditional corrective education, sincere and emotional interaction is effective in changing prisoners' personalities. However, some recent studies insist that certain psychological operations such as counseling are not effective and occasionally have a negative effect on rehabilitation. In this study, on the other hand, we predicted that keeping public order by treating prisoners with fairness is effective. We asked prisoners to rate staff at their correctional institution, to describe their attitude toward decisions made there, and to give their view of public order in society. We found that fair treatment of prisoners promotes acceptance of investigation results regarding violations or punishments, volition of rehabilitation after release, and internalization of public order. Furthermore, we confirmed that fairness by staff indicates to prisoners that public order within the institution is being maintained.

著者

工藤 恵理子

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, no.3, pp.195-208, 2004

---

Kruger (1999) has shown that the above-average effect occurs because people cannot take into account of other peoples' abilities, and instead they rely on their own abilities when they evaluate themselves relative to others. Kruger also has shown that the below-average effect appears when the absolute level of 9 person's abilities is low. Two studies were conducted to examine whether the same mechanism can apply to : (1) trait judgments ; (2) negative traits ; and (3) Japanese participants. The results revealed that the occurrence of above or below average effects were basically dependent on the relative ease or difficulty of possessing (or not possessing) each trait. In addition, various types of measurements were employed and compared in these studies. Results of correlations with self-esteem revealed that : (1) comparing oneself with the average person, and comparing the average person with oneself taps into different constructs when direct comparisons were made ; and (2) asking about oneself or the average person first, made substantial differences in the results when indirect comparisons were made.

著者

原田 耕太郎

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, no.2, pp.104-110, 2013-01-20 (Released:2017-03-02)

---

It is expected in existing theories that bias suppression, known to be a procedural justice norm (Leventhal, 1980), has a positive influence on perceived fairness and that egocentric bias causes perceivers to make a positive response to favorable outcomes more than to unfavorable ones. In addition, we tend to exhibit egocentric bias when unfavorable outcomes emerge; an interaction between the favorability of an outcome and egocentric bias is therefore to be expected. That is, perceived fairness would be lower in unfavorable outcome without bias suppression than in others. For the sake of meeting expectations, we have availed ourselves of modified scenarios from Study 1 of De Cremer (2004). Sixty undergraduate students participated in this study, of whom 55 were analyzed. Almost all of the results are to meet expectations. It can be considered that procedural justice might be superior to egocentric bias in perceived fairness; however, the influence of egocentric bias should not be disregarded.

著者

村本 由紀子

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.3, pp.194-195, 2012

著者

上瀬 由美子

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, no.1, pp.72-72, 2015-08-31 (Released:2015-09-09)

参考文献数

2