著者

近藤 裕子

出版者

東京女子大学

雑誌

日本文學 (ISSN:03863336)

巻号頁・発行日

no.101, pp.1-16, 2005-03-15

著者

中村 麗衣

出版者

東京女子大学

雑誌

史論 (ISSN:03864022)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.56, pp.46-73, 2003

著者

山本 和子

出版者

東京女子大学

雑誌

日本文學 (ISSN:03863336)

巻号頁・発行日

no.4, pp.101-120, 1955-01

著者

林 文子

出版者

東京女子大学

雑誌

東京女子大学紀要論集 (ISSN:04934350)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, no.2, pp.123-149, 2008-03

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This note presents a selection and organization of words related to food culture from The Japanese-Portuguese Dictionary. The Japanese-Portuguese Dictionary, the translation of VOCABVLARIO DA LINGOA DE IA PAM corn a declaracao em Portugues, was published in 1603 by the Society of Jesus for use by their missionnaries in the propagation of the Christian faith. These words are fragmented, ambiguous, and somewhat limited. Not all words in The Japanese-Portuguese Dictionary were well known by everybody at that time, but most of words were practical and widely used, and thus helpful for the propagation of the Christian faith. Food is a mainstay of life, and plays a key role in forming our identities. What to eat and how to eat is not only a matter of individual taste, but also a part of culture that reflects time and geography. The observations of strangers from strange lands (Europe) gave structure and clarity to the everyday things taken for granted by people living in the visited country (Japan). For example, unexpected food for Europeans included unknown grasses, unusually fish, uncommon seaweed, salted fish guts, and above all fermented things, such as fermented soybeans. Based on actual experience, this selection is not in merely an enumeration of foods, but a reconstruction of food scenery at the end of the 16th Century in Japan. Some excerpts from The Japanese-Portuguese Dictionary are as follows. Japanese at that time thought that food can be either power or poison. Thus, "Dokudachi (literally Poison cut-off)" indicates when a sick person fasts reduces food intake. A meal includes Ii (rice), Shiru (soup), and Sai (vegetables or fish or meat). Shiru, the soup was essential for every meal. Rice was graded by difficulty of polishing. Damage resistant red rice spread through the country, and came to be boiled in iron pots. The multi-faceted abilities to harvest, hunt, and produce were expanding, as can be seen from the specific names for rice gruels, rice cakes, noodles, beans, underground vegetables, mushrooms, seaweed, shellfish, river fish, sea fish, game, wildfowl, fruits, and nuts. From root to seed, from meat to guts, they ate all parts, and invented ideas to preserve food such as drying and salting. One of the characteristic trends at that time was the entry of salt, vinegar, and soybeans to the dinner table. Soybeans were processed in many ways, such as tofu (bean curd), moyasi (sprouts), natto (fermented soybeans), miso (soybean paste), sudate (soy sauce). They frequently used the word "Anbai" to measure the taste. This meant that salt became a large component of food.

著者

國原 美佐子

出版者

東京女子大学

雑誌

史論 (ISSN:03864022)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.54, pp.119-141, 2001

著者

西川 正雄

出版者

東京女子大学

雑誌

史論 (ISSN:03864022)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, pp.1-27, 1967

著者

岩堀 長慶

出版者

東京女子大学

雑誌

Science reports of Tokyo Woman's Christian University (ISSN:03864006)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, no.3, pp.623-635, 1981-03-20

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An m×n lamp pattern is a distribution of the on-off states of the mn lamps arranged in an m×n rectangular array. If one touches one of the lamps, then the on-off status of that lamp, and of the vertically-adjacent or horizontally-adjacent lamps will all be reversed. This is a basic transition, and these transitions applied successively define an equivalence relation among the set of the m×n lamp patterns. This paper is concerned with determination of the number of the equivalence classes of the m×n lamp patterns. It is shown that the class number is given by 2^d, with the degree d of the polynomial G.C.D. (det (xI_n-A_n), det ((x-1)I_m-A_m)), where I_n is the unit matrix and A_n is the incidence matrix of a basic transition, containing 1 on the two lines parallel and adjacent to the main diagonal and 0 elsewhere.

著者

本合 陽

出版者

東京女子大学

雑誌

東京女子大学紀要論集 (ISSN:04934350)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, no.1, pp.115-138, 2007-09

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This paper argues that asexuality of the protagonists is the crucial element that drives Howard Overing Sturgis's novels, Tim (1891) and Belchamber (1904). The heroes and heroines in the late nineteenth century cannot deviate from the role models that "compulsory heterosexuality" imposes upon them. Sturgis's protagonists do not seemingly belong to the figure. However, they must develop their character under the pressure of the compulsory heterosexuality. Their asexuality does not provide them with other choices, which causes their tragedy. Tim, the protagonist of Tim, is a boy who loves only nature and has just expected that "the tender gracious figure" would come to him. He does not know what he is and has no erotic desire for anybody. However, two triangular relationships drive him to the awareness of gender and sexuality. The relationship with his father and his friend Carol makes him realize that he is not like other boys. The relationship with Carol and his girlfriend Violet reminds him of marriage, which in turn makes him realize that his love for Carol is similar to Jonathan's love for David in the First Book of Samuel: Tim's love for Carol is homoerotic. In other words, the compulsory heterosexuality drives asexual Tim to become a hero who dies when he confesses his homoerotic desire. Sainty, the protagonist of Belchamber, is a boy who loves embroidery. In his triangular relationship with his mother and his younger brother, whom the role of the hero of the story and the heir to Belchamber befits, Sainty becomes aware that he is "effeminate" and "not manly." Accordingly, he starts to take on the role of a mother. However, another triangular relationship with his vicious cousin and a pretty girl forces him to think about marriage with the girl. Also in Belchamber, compulsory heterosexuality dominates the life of the protagonist. Sainty's asexuality deprives him of other choices of living for him. Sturgis's works do not seem to have been properly assessed. According to the discussion on the process that the main characters are forced towards "the heroes," protagonists' asexuality makes the true value of the works invisible.

著者

川野 絵梨

出版者

東京女子大学

巻号頁・発行日

2019-03-15

著者

滑川 道夫

出版者

東京女子大学

雑誌

日本文學 (ISSN:03863336)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, pp.1-14, 1961-12-10

著者

武者 晶子

出版者

東京女子大学

雑誌

日本文學 (ISSN:03863336)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.69, pp.81-95, 1988-03-15

著者

今井 久代

出版者

東京女子大学

雑誌

東京女子大学紀要論集 (ISSN:04934350)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.70, no.1, pp.37-64, 2019-09-30

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"The Tale of Genji" has "Itooshi" with 386 examples including derivatives. However, this word is difficult to grasp because of the differences between (1) two conflicting senses and (2) the synonym "Kokorogurushi." In this paper, it was noted that "Itooshi", like "Kokorogurushi", is "the emotion of A who is in contact with B who is in a difficult state". "Itooshi" is an emotion with "guilt" that makes A realize that he is not the same as B. I argued that the sympathy with "guilt" is the difference between "Itooshi" and "Kokorogurushi".『源氏物語』には「いとほし」が、派生語も含めて386例存在する。しかしこの語は、 ①対立的な二つの語義、②類義語「心苦し」との違いにより、語義がつかみにくい。 本稿では、「 いとほし」が、「心苦し」と同様に、「 つらい状態にあるBに接している Aの心情」であることに注目した。「 いとほし」は、AにBと一心同体ではないことを 意識させる、「罪悪感」を伴う感情である。「負い目」を伴う共感であることが、「 いとほし」と「心苦し」の違いであると論じた。

著者

森 一郎

出版者

東京女子大学

雑誌

東京女子大学紀要論集 (ISSN:04934350)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, no.1, pp.1-23, 1996-09

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The significance of Heidegger's philosophy might be evaluated in terms of the "ontological turn" he gave to the phenomenological movement. In this essay, I attempt to show that this conversion as performed by Heidegger, is a repetition of another "great event" in philosophical history-Marx's reversal of dialectical thinking. In his famous essay "The Question Concerning Technique," Heidegger inquires in the essence of modern technique. According to his etymology, the word "technique" (tekhne), like the word "production" (poiesis), originally meant a mode of revealing (aletheuein). From such a aletheological point of view, Heidegger interprets the specific mode of modern technique as "Herausfordern" (challenging), by means of which anything on earth can become "Bestand" (stock). The claimant of this requisition is no longer an individual man, but some impersonal system of accumulation. Heidegger names this system the "Gestell" (gatheringsetting). When examined closely, the term "Herausfordern" is found to be equivalent to the key Marxian concept "Ausbeuten" (exploitation). Moreover, "Gestell" proves to be just another name for the monstrous master of the modern age, Capitalism. It is not accidental that we also encounter a question concerning technique in Marx's Capital. The subject of this book is "the capitalistic mode of production," so that Marx examines essentially the same modern technique, to which capitalism owes the development of its productive force. Guided by Marx's critique of the "economy of time," we can attain insight into the problems of the "technology of time." That is why Capital is still one of the most important philosophical approaches to the essence of technology.

著者

芝 健介

出版者

東京女子大学

雑誌

史論 (ISSN:03864022)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.61, pp.68-85, 2008

著者

中里 千晶

出版者

東京女子大学

雑誌

日本文學 (ISSN:03863336)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.93, pp.57-78, 2000-03-15

著者

田中 章浩 板口 典弘

出版者

東京女子大学

雑誌

新学術領域研究(研究領域提案型)

巻号頁・発行日

2017-06-30

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多様な文化的背景をもつ人々のグローバルな交流がますます加速する現代社会において、円滑なコミュニケーションを実現するためには、自身の感情の表出、そして他者の感情の知覚を媒介する顔と身体表現の普遍性と文化特異性を知ることが不可欠である。感情の知覚には顔や身体表現(視覚情報)のみならず、声(聴覚情報)も利用され、感覚間統合が本質的な役割を果たしている。申請者らのこれまでの研究の結果、他者の感情を知覚するとき、欧米人は顔への依存性が高いのに対し、日本人は声への依存性が高いことがわかっている。本計画班では顔・身体・声の認識様式の文化的多様性の根源として、感覚間統合を含む「情報統合」に着目する。そして、幼児期から成人にかけて感情知覚における複数情報統合の様式がどのように変化するのかを比較文化的に検討し、これらの知見を統一的に説明する理論的枠組みの提唱をめざす。2018年度は、日本人の声優位性はどのように獲得され、誘発されるのかを検討し、以下の点が明らかとなった。①母親と子どもの間で声優位性に正の相関が見られ、母親が声優位であるほど、その子どもも声優位で感情を知覚するというように、知覚パターンの発達には身近な大人の影響を受けることが明らかとなった。②日本人では、外集団よりも内集団の話者に対して声優位で感情を捉える傾向が見られた。話者の見た目と言語を操作した感情知覚実験の結果、話者の見た目が日本人でなくとも、日本語を話していれば声優位で感情を知覚することが明らかとなった。トランスカルチャー状況における「異質な他者」とは何かを考察するうえで重要な知見である。③感情表出をする話者に対する注視パターンの発達文化間比較を行ったところ、相手の目領域に視線を向けることが声優位の知覚を形成する可能性が示唆された。

著者

木畑 和子

出版者

東京女子大学

雑誌

史論 (ISSN:03864022)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.49, pp.97-99, 1996

著者

芝 健介

出版者

東京女子大学

雑誌

史論 (ISSN:03864022)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.45, pp.21-34, 1992

著者

矢澤 澄子 矢沢 澄子 ヤザワ スミコ

出版者

東京女子大学

雑誌

東京女子大学紀要論集 (ISSN:04934350)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.59, no.1, pp.85-116, 2008-09

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Japanese society has been facing elder care crisis since the 1980's epitomized by a so-called "nursing hell" which has resulted from a care service shortage for the increasing number of elderly people. The national elder care insurance system commenced in 2000 as a response to the above situation. It was a paradigm change to the social care of elderly people, from a limited adminis-trative service by the government, to a social care insurance system with individual choice and mutual help by contract with the government.This article examines the basic idea of a care model for the elder care insurance system (a care model for 'decent life' for elderly people) and attempts to discover influences from the ideas and practice of group homes for elderly people with dementia developed in local areas since the 1980's prior to the institutionalization of the elder care insurance system. The article also analyses the gap between the idea of a care model for the elder care insurance system and the reality of care workers facing difficulties in workplaces, based on empirical research of care workers in group homes. The research was based on a questionnaire designed by our research group in 2006, and sent by mail to 1382 workers all over Japan.In conclusion, the paper proposes the necessity of re-examining and improving the design and contents of the elder care insurance system, in order to realize its original ideas and purpose as the national social care system, by strengthening public responsibility and financial support at the national as well as local level. It is the only way to maintain a high quality of elder care service in the system and respond to the sincere desires of care workers who work diligently for long hours and receive low salaries.少子高齢化と「介護の危機」(ケアの危機)が進行するなか、日本では2000年を起点としていわゆる社会福祉基礎構造改革により、高齢者介護サービスは、措置制度から介護保険制度(自由契約制度)へとパラダイム転換を行った。本論文は、日本の社会的介護(ソーシャル・ケア)の要を担う介護保険制度の理念、目標像がどのように明確化され制度化されてきたのかについて、特に制度の理念・目標像の構築に大きな影響を与えてきた、認知症高齢者グループホーム実践(認知症対応型共同生活介護)の展開過程との関連に注目して考察する。また制度の運用と改変の過程で顕在化してきた理念・目標像と運用・実践の間の矛盾や、2005年の制度改正以降とくに深刻化している理念・目標像と利用者の選択権や現場ケアワーカーの労働実態との間に広がる乖離の中身についても全国調査に基づき検証する。論文では日本の介護保険制度の形成・改変過程を見据え、制度の理念・目標像、介護保険政策の展開、介護現場の実態の3者を相互に関連づけながら、制度の成熟と「望ましいケア実践」にむけて何が問われているかを明らかにする。いま多くの認知症高齢者グループホームでは、介護保険制度の運用と改正の負の影響を受け、ケアワーカーたちが利用者と制度の狭間で苦悩し、他の介護施設と同様にホーム運営(経営)の瀬戸際で解決すべき複雑な困難に直面している。介護保険の「お年寄りをどんどん切り捨てる」「机の上だけて決められている制度」と「介護実践の場」の現状との間にある大きな乖離は早急に埋める必要がある。そのために国・地方自治体は、現場の声にしっかり耳を傾け、制度の改善・改革にむけてどのように有効な政策的対応をとりうるのかに真剣に立ち向かうことが求められている。

著者

神田 寿美子

出版者

東京女子大学

雑誌

日本文學 (ISSN:03863336)

巻号頁・発行日

no.19, pp.43-57, 1962-11

被引用文献数

1