著者
植草 茂樹 江端 新吾 佐栁 融
出版者
研究・イノベーション学会
雑誌
研究 技術 計画 (ISSN:09147020)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.35, no.1, pp.61-72, 2020-05-01 (Released:2020-05-13)
参考文献数
10

This paper proposes current issues and proposals from a financial perspective for the research infrastructure (facilities and equipment) of Japanese national universities.National university facilities are aging, but there is no funding from the country that matches depreciation costs, and there is no mechanism for funding reserve like private universities. Acquisition of research equipment at national universities is mainly funded by external funds, but there is no mechanism to reserve internal funds for disposal or renewal. Due to the difficulty of disposal and renewal, research facilities are increasing and aging.In the future, what needs to be done financially to maintain and renew the research infrastructure at national universities in Japan is to clarify future investment plans and collateral of financial resources at the facilities, and a mechanism for internal reserves that utilizes indirect costs and other expenses at the facilities It is. At the same time, it is necessary to strengthen asset management at national universities.
著者
森本 稔 松浦 祥悟 甲斐 政親 丹松 美由紀 坂本 広太 林 史夫 江端 新吾
出版者
研究・イノベーション学会
雑誌
研究 技術 計画 (ISSN:09147020)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.35, no.1, pp.47-53, 2020-05-01 (Released:2020-05-13)
参考文献数
12

After the national universities becoming into the national university corporations, the status of the technical staffs of the universities has been reviewed actively from the viewpoint of their career paths and skill improvement to increase their motivation and activity. Some unique proposals and initiatives have been practiced. In Tottori University, the university technology administrator (UTA), a management person in the technical staff's organization, was created as a career path model and in Gunma University, the Meister Education Program, as a novel skill improvement method. In this paper, we introduce some examples of career path models and skill improvement methods of technical staffs in Japanese national universities and American national laboratory as a comparison.
著者
柴田 友厚
出版者
研究・イノベーション学会
雑誌
研究 技術 計画 (ISSN:09147020)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.24, no.4, pp.338-347, 2010-12-17 (Released:2017-10-21)
参考文献数
31

Japan's machine tool production was in the top position for 25 years since 1982, but decreased in 2009 by 56.5% from the level in the previous year, lowering the rank to the third and yielding the top position to China. The technical level of the machine tool industry in a country is indicative of its technology base. What happened in the competitiveness of the sector of strategic importance even for its relatively small market? Examination of the official trade statistics up to 2008 permitted to discern the trade structure of machine tools in East Asia and Japan's position in it. It was revealed that Japan has always enjoyed export surplus in this sector, indicating its technological competitiveness intact. The author argue that a coevolution mechanism between the NC equipment and machine tools has been at work as an important factor that supported the development of Japan's machine tool industry.
著者
遠藤 悟 細野 光章 王 戈 岡本 拓士 小野田 敬 桑島 修一郎
出版者
研究・イノベーション学会
雑誌
研究 技術 計画 (ISSN:09147020)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.34, no.3, pp.238-257, 2019-10-25 (Released:2019-10-29)
参考文献数
21

Research performed at universities and public research institutions are crucial for the creation of new industry and for the enhancement of quality of life of the people. It contributes to improve the scientific literacy of the people and to develop human resources for research by stimulating scientific curiosity of the people. However, it is pointed out that research capability in Japan has been declined in recent years. In this paper, analyses of current situation of research activities at universities and public institutions are presented. The discussions made in this paper include the followings: (1) recognition of situation of research activities, (2) research funding, (3) governance and evaluation of universities and research institutions, (4) research performance, (5) human resources. Several recommendations for the improvement of research capacity in Japan through comparison with major overseas countries and through analyses of current research systems in Japan are presented.
著者
梅田 博之
出版者
研究・イノベーション学会
雑誌
年次大会講演要旨集 30 (ISSN:24327131)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.1061-1064, 2015-10-10 (Released:2018-01-30)

2015年8月現時点において産学連携関連の研究は、大規模データ分析を用いたものを初めとするマクロ的な視点で論じている研究が多い。それとは対照的に、実際的・現場的ミクロな視点を持ったものは少ない。そこで本論文は私がデータ分析システムを開発・販売する会社(AIC社)を起業した経験をまとめた。内容としては起業を計画するところから、製品化断念までの実体験をまとめた。また失敗の原因の考察、考察から見えてきた製品化成功のための一仮説を掲載している。
著者
小林 信一 赤池 伸一 林 隆之 富澤 宏之 調 麻佐志 宮林 正恭
出版者
研究・イノベーション学会
雑誌
研究 技術 計画 (ISSN:09147020)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.34, no.3, pp.190-215, 2019-10-25 (Released:2019-10-29)
参考文献数
42

This article overviews the past Science and Technology Basic Plans and foresees what should be taken into consideration as a framework for the next plan. The challenges left by the past plans include system-level reforms of the public research sectors, demand-side policies such as start-up grants and public procurement, cross-sectoral human resource exchanges and development policies, and sharing the policy-related information among various stakeholders. The 6th plan needs to include improvement of the quality of management in order to increase the productivity, as Japan's research capabilities are predicted to decline in a decade. Also to be included in the 6th plan are new innovation policies that transform social system with making governance more agile and moving to the use of social experiments with monitoring policies.
著者
加藤 浩
出版者
研究・イノベーション学会
雑誌
研究 技術 計画 (ISSN:09147020)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.31, no.3-4, pp.283-290, 2016-12-28 (Released:2018-01-26)
参考文献数
27

In April, 2016, "Patent / Utility model Examination Guidelines" (the Japan Patent Office) was revised, and new practice on the patent examination of the food started. Patents have not been granted for use inventions of the food until then. However, by the revision of the Examination Guidelines, patents can be granted for use inventions of the food. Then, the patent protection of the food became similar to medicinal inventions. The purpose of the Patent Law is to encourage inventions and contribute to the industrial development, which is related to the promotion of the innovation. In the pharmaceutical field, patents play an important role for the innovation, according to many analysis. The introduction (April, 2016) of use inventions of the food may promote the innovation like the influence of the introduction of medicinal patents in 1976. It is expected that the patent applications of the food will increase after the introduction (April, 2016) of use inventions of the food.
著者
村上 路一
出版者
研究・イノベーション学会
雑誌
研究 技術 計画 (ISSN:09147020)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.4, no.2, pp.171-176, 1989-09-10 (Released:2017-12-29)

シナリオ・ライティング手法は、描写性とストーリー性が優れているため、他の技術予測手法に比べ、相手が興味を持ち、しかも理解し易いという特長がある。 このため、たんに技術予測のためだけに使用するのではなく、システム製品の販売や社内制度変更のためのツールとしても役立つことが明確になってきた。 本報告では、これらについて実例を挙げながらシナリオ・ライティング手法の書き方と企業における応用について述べる。
著者
真鍋 誠司 安本 雅典
出版者
研究・イノベーション学会
雑誌
研究 技術 計画 (ISSN:09147020)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.25, no.1, pp.8-35, 2010-12-28 (Released:2018-10-31)
参考文献数
147
被引用文献数
2

The article attempts to streamline the numerous Open Innovation studies and thereby elucidate the concept of Open Innovation (and openness). Since the early 2000s, quite a few studies have explored a broad range of issues (e.g., business strategy, industrial structure, management practice) based on the "Open Innovation" perspective. Nevertheless the concept of Open Innovation has rapidly become rather elusive as a variety of studies, mostly of an empirical nature, have been conducted without a solid conceptual structure for Open Innovation. The article examines more than 140 academic articles and books relevant to Open Innovation. After outlining how the actions of firms and environmental factors co-developed toward openness, the article shows the environmental conditions for Open Innovation, proposes a typological framework streamlining Open Innovation strategies and practices, and reveals related issues to be explored. Finally the article suggests theoretical and managerial implications drawing on the literature survey.
著者
石井 康之 長平 彰夫
出版者
研究・イノベーション学会
雑誌
研究 技術 計画 (ISSN:09147020)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.29, no.2_3, pp.185-199, 2014-09-30 (Released:2017-10-21)

特許データを用いた経済分析では,これまで特許出願された発明の価値を反映させるために被引用数が多用されてきた。被引用数で加重した発明の数と,企業価値や企業の生産性との関係を見る分析が多く存在してきた。同時に,被引用数以外にも発明の価値を表す属性について示唆した先行研究が存在する。たとえば特許出願された個々の発明が受けた異議申立や無効審判の数,IPC分類数,発明者数,外国出願の有無といった属性が,その価値の高さを示す属性である可能性が示唆されてきた。また,これら複数の属性を用いて単一の価値指標を算出する方法が先行研究によって示されてきたところでもある。しかし,これまで,こうした複数の属性を用いた属性統合指標が特許の価値を示すものとして経済分析で活用されるケースは,被引用数と比較するとほとんど存在しなかったといってもよい。そこで本稿では,6つの産業に属する企業62社の特許出願データを用いて,被引用数によって示される価値指標と,複数の属性を統合した価値指標(属性統合指標)とのどちらが,より適切に発明の価値を表しているかを比較分析することとした。コブ・ダグラス型生産関数に双方のストックを付加し,それぞれの付加価値に対する説明力を比較した。分析の結果,属性統合指標の方が被引用数よりも,産業界の共通認識に適合すると同時に,企業の生産性に対してより高い説明力を有していることが確認された。