著者

Juha I. UITTO

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

地理学評論 (ISSN:13479555)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.76, no.12, pp.869-881, 2003-10-01 (Released:2008-12-25)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

1

---

This article is concerned with sustainable development of coastal and marine areas in East Asia. It argues that coastal and marine environment is under serious onslaught from human activities in this most populous of world regions. While the basic processes affecting coastal and marine environment in the region are the same as elsewhere in the world, the rapid economic growth, urbanization and industrialization put specifically high stress on the environment in East Asia. Furthermore, many of the region's countries are major maritime nations that both depend on the ocean and have an impact on it. It is recognized that many development pressures are conflicting in the coastal and ocean space, and that the environment often loses out to economic considerations. Due to the transboundary nature of the oceanic environment, governance at global, regional and local levels is a must. The article highlights the main international mechanisms governing the use of oceans. It also introduces the main funding mechanism for supporting sustainable coastal and marine management in the developing countries, the Global Environment Facility. The main part of the paper highlights two major international projects aimed at protecting the marine and coastal environment in East Asia from ship-based and land-based sources of pollution, respectively. Lessons that can be learned from these projects include the need for regional cooperation while at the same time responding to the needs of the individual countries; the necessity of involving all sectors of the society, including national and local governments, the civil society and the private sector; and the importance of a sound scientific basis for decision-making and public education.

著者

Anthony J. FIELDING Yoshitaka ISHIKAWA

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

地理学評論 (ISSN:13479555)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.76, no.12, pp.882-893, 2003-10-01 (Released:2008-12-25)

参考文献数

36

被引用文献数

2

---

This paper explores the relationship between migration and the life course in Japan. It does so by analysing a matrix of correlation coefficients where each coefficient measures the relationship between a set of age-specific net internal migration rates by prefecture (for example, for people aged 24-29), and a set of age structure location quotients by prefecture (for example, for people aged 60-64) (the location quotient measures the ratio of the local % in a particular age-group to the national % for the same age-group). An extremely distinctive pattern of correlation emerges. This is analysed both on its own terms, and through a comparison with the equivalent pattern for Britain (England, Wales and Scotland). Surprising differences are discovered and interpreted.

著者

増山 篤 岡部 篤行

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

地理学評論 (ISSN:13479555)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.76, no.11, pp.759-776, 2003-10-01 (Released:2008-12-25)

参考文献数

31

---

本稿は,都市における人口密度分布から,その構造的特徴を抽出し,この特徴に基づき,都市人口分布構造を分析する方法を提案する.また,この方法を,日本における中規模都市の人口データに対して適用し,その結果について論じる.都市内人口分布を分析する方法については,従来より,いくつもの方法が提案されてきた.その代表的な方法は,人口密度が都心からの距離に応じて,指数関数的に減少するものとしてモデル化する方法がある.また,人口密度分布が張るサーフェスを多項式近似するという方法もしばしば用いられる.しかしながら,これらの方法は,そこで仮定されている量的関係からの逸脱やデータの歪みに十分対応し得ないという問題点がある.これらの方法に対し,ある程度の歪みに不変な人口密度分布の位相的特徴を用いた分析方法も提案されている.本稿では,従来提案されてきた位相的分析方法を拡張することによって,都市人口分布構造の類型化を行う方法,および,2都市間の構造的類似性を測る方法の提案を行う.また,これを人口規模30万前後の20都市に適用し,その結果得られた知見について述ベる.

著者

張 長平 村山 祐司

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

地理学評論 (ISSN:13479555)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.76, no.11, pp.777-787, 2003-10-01 (Released:2008-12-25)

参考文献数

11

被引用文献数

2 3

---

本研究は,不規則な形状の小区域が地域全体の中でどの程度の「顕著度prominence」を有し,それが当該区域の幾何属性といかに対応するかを明らかにすることを課題としている.この目的を達成するため,従来の研究で利用されてきた代表的な三つの空間重み行列(距離減衰,一般化,k階近隣)に基づき区域の顕著度を求め,幾何属性との関係を分析するとともに,これらの顕著度指標の有効性を検討する.松戸市の町丁界を事例とする分析の結果,空間重み行列をいかに定義するかによって,顕著度と区域の幾何属性との関係は異なることが判明した.すなわち, 1)「k階近隣顕著度」と区域の幾何属性との間には直接的な対応は認められないが, 2)「距離減衰顕著度」と区域の規模には負の相関関係があり, 3)「一般化顕著度」は区域の規模だけでなく位置と形状にも強く連関する.したがって,幾何属性に基づく小区域の顕著度の評価には,一般化空間重み行列の適用が,距離減衰あるいはk階近隣空間重み行列より有効であると考えられる.

著者

近藤 昭彦

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

地理学評論 (ISSN:13479555)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.76, no.11, pp.788-799, 2003-10-01 (Released:2008-12-25)

参考文献数

22

被引用文献数

1 1

---

本稿はリモートセンシングとGISを水文過程研究の重要な手法とし,さらに社会に貢献できる成果を生み出すためのリモートセンシングとGIS技術の応用のあり方について論じた.水循環研究の対象はグローバルからローカルスケールにわたる.グローバルは多数の地域から成り,個々の地域は固有の多様性,関連性,空間性,時間性,すなわち地域性を持つ.人間社会に還元できる科学の成果を出すためには地域の視点が必要である.同時に,地域をグローバルの中に位置付けることによって,国際社会に還元できる成果を生み出すことができる.このような応用はGISによって空間上に集積された知識ベースによって実現できると考えられる.

著者

高橋 昭子 小口 高 杉盛 啓明

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

地理学評論 (ISSN:13479555)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.76, no.11, pp.800-818, 2003-10-01 (Released:2008-12-25)

参考文献数

43

被引用文献数

8 6

---

多摩丘陵と隣接する低山を対象に解像度10mのDEMを作成し,DEMの解像度とDEMから計算される地形量との関係を調べた.DEMの解像度が低下すると算出される傾斜が減少し,縦断曲率はゼロに収束する.傾斜の減少量は既存の事例よりも概して大きく,複雑な地形を持つ日本の丘陵地や低山の地形解析には高解像度のDEMが必要なことを示している.次に,50-m DEMの補間によって得られた10-m DEMの地形表現力を検討した.補間の誤差が最小であった手法は,薄板スプライン関数を用いた動径基底関数法,最小曲率法,平滑化を行わない修正シェパード法であり,クリギング法も実際のバリオグラムに対応した関数を用いた場合には有効であった.補間によって解像度を高めたDEMでは傾斜の表現力が向上しているが,縦断曲率の表現は不十分である.調査地域の一部では,過去数十年間に大規模な人工地形改変が行われたが,上記した補間の誤差に関する検討結果は,地形改変の程度には基本的に依存しない.

著者

加茂 浩靖

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

地理学評論 (ISSN:13479555)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.76, no.6, pp.484-496, 2003-05-01 (Released:2008-12-25)

参考文献数

23

被引用文献数

2

---

本研究は,1990年代後半以降の公共投資政策の変化に伴い,国内周辺地域における地域労働市場がいかに変化したのかを検討した.実態調査によって得られたデータの分析の結果,公共土木事業の縮小,公共工事設計労務単価の低下,技術職に対する労働力需要の増大という1990年代後半以降における建設業雇用を取り巻く環境の変化に起因して,建設業者の雇用方針,地域労働市場に変化が生じていることが判明した.すなわち,定年退職後の再雇用者,女性および50歳代の建設業就業者の解雇,賞与減額などの労働条件の引下げ,若年技術者に対する採用意欲の強まりなどを指摘することができる.また公共土木事業の縮小により異業種部門を拡大する建設業者もみられるが,通年雇用の拡大に結び付く事例は少なかった.

著者

Takeei KOIZUMI

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

地理学評論 (ISSN:13479555)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.76, no.5, pp.270-280, 2003-04-01 (Released:2008-12-25)

参考文献数

19

被引用文献数

1

---

In the Canadian High Arctic Region, there stretches a desert-like barren landscape. However, dense lush meadows called polar oases are found around Alexandra Fiord and Sverdrup Pass in the central part of Ellesemere Island. Freedman et al. (1994) asserted that polar oases are formed because the steep cliffs surrounding the lowland reflect the sunlight and radiate infrared rays which warm the area. They called this the “oven-effect.” However, under the midnight sun a favorable result has not come out. The author studied the factors affecting the distribution of polar oases from the viewpoint of geoecology, and found that geology is the most important factor which controls the distribution of polar oases. Around Sverdrup Pass the meadows are distributed in the lowland and on the north-faced slopes of the southern mountains, while on the northern mountains vegetation is scanty. Such a difference of plant cover developing between the northern and southern mountains cannot be explained by the oven-effect, but by difference of geology. The author considers that the difference of stability of slope deposits has brought about the extreme difference in plant coverage. The meadows appear mainly on the glacial deposits in the granite area. The reason is that the glacial till is composed of boulder, gravel and sand, thus stable enough for the development of plant communities. On the other hand, in the dolomite areas of the northern mountains active frost-shattering produces debris and also freeze-thaw action causes active debris movement. Therefore, the slope deposits are unstable and thus vegetation is scanty. In the polar region with the midnight sun, it seems that there is the possibility for meadows to be formed at any location. However, the granite areas that are suitable for plant growth are extremely limited, and thus the distribution of polar oases is also limited. In the dolomite areas that occupy most of the High Arctic, the regosol is unstable and the development of plant communities is hindered, and thus the meadows are hardly formed. The author considers this is the reason why the originally natural lush meadows are conspicuous in the lowland and on the northfaced slopes of the southern mountains around Sverdrup Pass.

著者

Yumio TOMATSURI

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

地理学評論 (ISSN:13479555)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.76, no.5, pp.281-290, 2003-04-01 (Released:2008-12-25)

参考文献数

25

---

The development of new terminologies to reflect the recent trends in geography is essential in order to further the advancement of geographical studies. In 1998 the author was requested to draft a list of English-Japanese terms for the Project on the Multilingual Glossary of Cultural Approaches in Geography by the IGU Study Group on the Cultural Approach in Geography. Considering the importance of Japanese terms in cultural geography, he participated in the project as a member of the specialist team from Japan. The list was compiled over several stages. First, over 5, 000 terms were selected from about 1, 100 research papers on cultural geography published during the period 1987-1996. These terms were then compared with those that appeared in the summaries, chapter titles, and map/figure titles of 55 articles appearing in the four major geographical journals and also with those that appeared in the indexes and chapter titles of two books on cultural geography during the same period. In this manner, the first list of English-translated Japanese terms relating to cultural geography was compiled. Working under the guidance of project leader Dr. Vladimir Annenkov, the author reduced the exhaustive list to more manageable size. The revised list of English-translated terms for the IGU project was finally compiled. The terms tabulated in this paper (see Table 1) are classified into two groups according to meaning. Group A consists of terms that show or bear many fields of geography and their various fundamental concepts and related disciplines. Group B consists of fundamental terms representing more concrete concepts than those of Group A.

著者

Atsushi TAIRA

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

地理学評論 (ISSN:13479555)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.76, no.5, pp.291-311, 2003-04-01 (Released:2008-12-25)

参考文献数

13

---

This study aims to explain the transformation of the community with the decrease of the population in Kanda district in the ward of Chiyoda, located in central Tokyo. In this study, the spatial unit of community is designated as the territory of choukai, and its higher unit is designated as the district of public elementary school. The decrease of the population, which began in the 1950s, has resulted in the increase of unused classrooms called “akikyoushitsu” in the public elementary schools located in and near the central business district of Tokyo. As a solution for that problem, a policy of changing public elementary schools into community centers through opening those facilities to the public has been undertaken. Choukai, which is a basic voluntary social association of urban residents, is also forced to shrink its size mainly due to out-migration of the population. They have been mostly young generations who have moved out the district. This out-migration has led to aging of residents and board members of choukai. The festival for ujigami, or tutelary deity, has been the main event of choukai and it has played an important role to maintain friendship among the residents. However, it is becoming more difficult to keep up the number of people needed to hold the festival. With transformation of resident structure and associations, the landscape of the district is also changing mainly because of rebuilding and remodeling. Many cases of rebuilding from one-story shop-houses into multi-story commercial buildings on an individual basis have been observed in Kanda district. It is estimated that the local community, which has been based on choukai, would be changed into a part of a much broader association consisting of united-choukai and other voluntary associations, and that the public elementary school could become a base of activities of those organizations as a community center.

著者

Koumei MATSUMURA

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

地理学評論 (ISSN:13479555)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.76, no.5, pp.312-332, 2003-04-01 (Released:2008-12-25)

参考文献数

22

---

The objective of this study is to clarify the spatial development of urban functions in a medium-sized city by analyzing the distribution and process of agglomeration of urban functions in the center of Koriyama City, Fukushima Prefecture, Japan. Defined urban functions include the retail, restaurant, office, and hotel function. In terms of horizontal distribution, the agglomeration of retail functionss becomes a centripetal pattern, although they were linearly distributed along traditional main road. Restaurant functions are distributed behind a conglomeration of retail functions. Office functions migrate from narrow internal blocks to broad external blocks along arterial roads. Distribution of hotel functions changes from blocks close to the station where there are Japanese style inns to blocks along main streets where there are modern hotels. As a result, spatial arrangement of urban functions performs horizontal differentiation of circular structure, as retail and hotel functions are in the core zone, restaurant functions are in the zone surrounding the core zone, and office functions are in the outermost zone. In terms of vertical distribution, retail functions dominate on lower floors, and the proportion of office functions is the highest on medium-high floors. On higher floors, however, retail, office and hotel functions are in the state of equilibrium. This shows that the vertical differentiation of functions does not reach higher floors.

著者

Yoshimichi YUI

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

地理学評論 (ISSN:13479555)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.76, no.5, pp.333-348, 2003-04-01 (Released:2008-12-25)

参考文献数

31

---

Housing supply systems have a close relationship to the characteristics of residents, especially in the sub-market of public housing. Because there are strict regulations for applicants for public housing, local governments mainly select tenants in regard to their income conditions. This study aims to examine the change in characteristics of residents in public housing and to clarify the cause of this transformation process. In the built-up area, rapid aging and: decrease in household sizes 1n public houses may cause serious social: problems. In the suburban area, aging and: decreasing household members in: public housing did not become prominent in any of the public housing types. Most young families in; public houses in suburban area moved out when they; aged, and elders without their own transportation tend to avoid inconvenient suburban public housing. Thus the Public Housing Act transformed the structures of dwellers' characteristics. For welfare purposes, the Public Housing Act gives priority to lower income households, for example elders. The Public Housing Act induced the aging of residents. Consequently, the welfare for economically weaker households will strengthen the housing trap.

著者

Jun TSUTSUMI

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

地理学評論 (ISSN:13479555)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.76, no.5, pp.349-366, 2003-04-01 (Released:2008-12-25)

参考文献数

30

---

This paper concerns the land conversion process in the rural-urban fringe of Maebashi city, a medium sized city in Japan. The author investigated land-use change, land ownership change, and landowners' land-use decisions. Land ownership change was examined from 1980 to 1993 using land assessment data from the Maebashi municipal office. The information about landowners' land-use decisions was obtained by interviewing selected landowners. The landowners in the sample area made land-use decisions based on two types of factors, called initial and decision factors. The initial factors were land re-adjustment, land inheritance, need for a larger income, request to sell their land, and failure of a non-agricultural business. The decision factors were the existence of their successors in agriculture, payment of inheritance tax, intention to keep farming, possession of land with good access to roads and their desire to utilize the land. Based on their decisions, their behavior can be divided into three categories: land utilization, transaction (or sale), and abandonment. Traded land was converted to urban use, such as housing, parking or shops; and was scattered throughout the area. Utilized land was converted by the owners themselves; and was distributed along the main roads leading to central Maebashi, close to the owners‚ houses. Utilized and traded land were based on different decisions by the landowners. Much of the land in the inner fringe is in demand. Thus, both land being utilized and land being traded tended to be converted to urban use.

著者

Tsutomu KATAYANAGI

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

地理学評論 (ISSN:13479555)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.76, no.5, pp.367-376, 2003-04-01 (Released:2008-12-25)

参考文献数

19

被引用文献数

1 1

---

Amalgamations of cities in Japan have increased since the 1960s. Aiming at regional development in accordance with the progress of industrialization and urbanization, this process has created many new cities which have more than one “central” built-up area. These cities have had to face such problems as the areal distribution of public investment and the formation of new urban structures, yet before these problems can be considered, it is necessary to examine the changes in their urban structures. This paper does so for the city of Joetsu, which was amalgamated from the cities of Takada and Naoetsu, of similar size, in 1971. After amalgamation, the municipal government devised a plan to urbanize the built-up areas between Takada and Naoetsu. In the early 1970s, new administrative and cultural facilities were constructed in the Kida area close to Kasugayama Station, and since the 1980s many public facilities and large-scale retail stores have been built or located in the Sekikawa-Toubu area. Joetsu now has administrative and cultural centers in the Kida and Sekikawa-Toubu areas, as well as in the built-up areas of the former cities of Takada and Naoetsu. It can be said that the urban structure of Joetsu has become spatially dispersed because of the equal amalgamation of the two cities.

著者

Koshiro SUZUKI

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

地理学評論 (ISSN:13479555)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.76, no.5, pp.249-269, 2003-04-01 (Released:2008-12-25)

参考文献数

48

被引用文献数

1 3

---

This study makes comparison of spatial descriptions for navigation between Japan and America from cross-cultural and geographic perspectives, based on 24 tourist guidebooks of four cities in Japan (Kyoto, Tokyo) and the U.S (Boston, New York City). The contents of maps and linguistic information in the guides were quantified and then analyzed. The results indicate that Japanese guidebooks use predominately visual information such as maps, while American guides mainly use linguistic information. Therefore, we can insist that there is a complementary relationship between these modes of spatial information vehicle, language and imagery. The results also demonstrate that a relative frame of reference with landmarks is the most fundamental sentence construction for giving directions. In principle, linguistic information can be used to complement the lack of visual information in describing a given geographic environment, so its use rate increased in relatively unfamiliar environments. However, the contents varied with the environmental characteristics such as the regularity of street pattern. Difference in address systems between two countries also affected the way of sorting the sites, style of maps, and the use frequency rate of linguistic information.

著者

佐々木 緑

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

地理学評論 (ISSN:13479555)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.76, no.2, pp.81-100, 2003-02-01 (Released:2008-12-25)

参考文献数

36

被引用文献数

2 1

---

本研究は,宮城県田尻町における水稲の減農薬・減化学肥料栽培を事例に環境保全型稲作の存続システムを解明するため,環境負荷軽減の実態に着目した.そしてそれが,水田の多面的機能の一つである生物の保全機能とそれを支える農家の農業経営に与える影響を考察した.その結果,環境保全型稲作が存続する基盤となっているのは,土作りによる環境負荷軽減のシステムと農業経営の安定であった.田尻町では,個々の農業経営で排出される有機物を有効利用することで環境負荷の軽減を図っており,それが水田生物の保全に好影響を与えていた.さらに,環境保全型稲作に取り組む農家が経営的に成り立っているため,継続的に活動を行うことが可能であった.これらの存続基盤は,環境保全型稲作に取り組む組織の支援,個々の農家の意思決定,そして田尻町の豊かな農業資源に支えられていた.つまり,田尻町の環境保全型稲作は,自然的,人的,経済的な多元的要素が有機的に関連し,環境保全と農業経営を均衡に保っていた.そしてこれらが互いに補完的作用を持ち,その存続システムを形成していた.

著者

宮澤 仁

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

地理学評論 (ISSN:13479555)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.76, no.2, pp.59-80, 2003-02-01 (Released:2008-12-25)

参考文献数

28

被引用文献数

16 17

---

本稿では,関東地方における介護保険サービスの地域的偏在を統計データの分析から検証し,その形成要因に想定されるサービス事業者の参入行動を考察した.その結果,介護保険が企図する営利企業の参入は,それが容易な福祉系訪問型サービスの中でも,介護職員の巡回移動との関連で採算確保が期待できる都市部に集中し,同サービスが大都市に偏在する要因になっていた.他方,山間部の小規模町村には社会福祉法人でさえ参入が消極的で,公益性の高い社会福祉協議会が福祉系の訪問型・通所型サービスを中心に提供事業を担っていた.しかし,社会福祉協議会も採算性重視の事業を強いられており,事業者競争や経営合理化に長けた医療機関の中には,事業の安定化を目的に福祉と医療の事業複合体を形成する事例が関東地方東部に多数確認された.それらの結果は,介護保険の下,サービス提供事業に採算性が重視されている状況を裏付けるものであろう.ゆえに,サービス事業の経営を地域の諸条件と関連付けて詳細に分析することが,介護システムの今後を占うために必要とされる.

著者

中澤 高志

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

地理学評論 (ISSN:13479555)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.75, no.14, pp.837-857, 2002-12-01 (Released:2008-12-25)

参考文献数

79

被引用文献数

1

---

本稿では,アンケート調査に基づき,九州各県に立地する情報サービス企業の従業員の地域間・企業間移動,キャリアパスおよび年収に関する分析を行った.対象者の約6割は転職経験を持ち,約3分の1は還流移動を経験しており,特に35歳以上では還流移動者が過半数に達している.地方圏の情報技術者の典型的なキャリアは,プログラマーからシステムエンジニアを経て管理職へと至るものである.しかし情報サービス関連以外の職から情報サービス産業に職を得る者もみられ,彼らの中には還流移動を経験した者が多いことから,情報技術者の職に就いていなかった還流移動者にとっても,情報サービス産業が雇用の受皿となっているといえる.また,本稿では転職経験を中心に,個人属性や職業キャリアのパターンが年収に与える影響を分析した.九州内で転職を行った者についていえば,転職が年収に与える影響は少ないが,九州外からの転職の経験した者は,年収がやや低い傾向がある.

著者

Hisao ISHII

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

地理学評論 (ISSN:13479555)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.75, no.12, pp.686-708, 2002-10-01 (Released:2008-12-25)

参考文献数

36

---

Faculty of International Studies, Kyoritsu Women's University, Hachioji 193-8501, Japan The objective of this paper is to analyze the spatial structure of population characteristics and its shift in the province of Gipuzkoa, Spain, which has a particularly high density of Basque speakers. By using data sets from the 1991 and 1996 State Census and applying factor analysis, several principal dimensions which regulate the spatial differentiation of population characteristics in Gipuzkoa were extracted. The spatial distribution and transition patterns of these dimensions were examined and certain processes of shift became obvious, such as major socio-economic change in the industrial and employment structures, rapid demographic change represented by aging and fertility decline, and an advance in reversing language shift. The dimension of social origin was the most important with regard to the spatial differentiation in Gipuzkoa. Furthermore, it is unique and noteworthy that, apart from with regard to social identity, the demo-linguistic dimensions were extracted independently at the 3rd and 4th dimensions which show relative stages of reversing language shift. As compared with the rural-urban contrast in the dimension of social identity, these demolinguistic dimensions can be found typically in areas with a relatively low density of Basque speakers, including some urban areas. This means that the reversing language shift is making a steady advance there.

著者

Kazuko TANAKA

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

地理学評論 (ISSN:13479555)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.75, no.12, pp.709-729, 2002-10-01 (Released:2008-12-25)

参考文献数

52

---

This paper focuses on the geometrical aspects of intra-urban migration in order to reveal the relationship between residential mobility and urban space. Data on Australian migration careers in Adelaide are used. I propose a method to compare the observed migrations and random migrations in order to recognize the regional and behavioral characteristics of intra-urban migrations. Random migrations obtained by computer simulation determine a “spatial configuration” depending on geometry of study areas. For both distance and direction, measures of the differences between the observed and the possible frequency distributions are introduced. Using these procedures and indices, the spatial patterns of the migrations throughout the whole lives of subjects and those at certain life stages are analyzed. The results show that data from Adelaide has distance bias compared with data from two American cities (Santa Barbara, CA and Lexington, KY), that is, short distance migrations are dominant in Adelaide, although there is no significant directional bias. Examination of residential shifts at house purchase does not always conform to the general picture of outward migrations linked to the progress of family life stages and sectoral bias in intra-urban migrations. Movements from first to present residences have clear bias with respect to distance and direction, and this observation indicates that successive migrations do not always take people farther from their first place of residence. This analysis, based on personal migration-career data and simulation procedures, provides some important foundations for comparative studies among cities and for new urban spatial modeling.