著者

緒方 邦安 岩田 隆 茶珍 和雄

出版者

THE JAPANESE SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE

雑誌

園芸学会雑誌 (ISSN:00137626)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, no.3, pp.143-148, 1959-09-30 (Released:2008-12-19)

参考文献数

11

被引用文献数

2

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1. The present study was carried out to confirm the effect of gamma radiation on the inhibition of sprouting of onions during the storage and to investigate the physiological changes following the treatment. Onion bulbs were irradiated with the doses of 3000, 7000, and 12000 r. soon after the harvest (June 28) and at the presprouting period when the dormancy ends, i.e., Sept. 20. 2. The sprouting of onion bulbs was completely inhibited even at the dose as low as 3000 r., and the storage period of treated bulbs was eventually prolonged so long as 4-5 months over ordinary storage period. 3. Inner buds of onion bulbs which were inhibited the sprouting by the irradiation were browned and dead, but the injured parts did not extend to the outside of the buds. In the bulbs which had been irradiated on September 20, the browned parts were somewhat larger than that of the bulbs treated soon after the harvest. It means that the elongation and/or differentiation of the inner buds might have occured during the period, so the irradiation in theearly stages (during the rest period) would be preferable for practical use. 4. The oxygen uptake in the disk part (bottom part) of the bulbs was not directly influenced by the gamma radiation, while, when the control bulbs had increased the respiratory activity after the presprouting period, the increase of respiration in the treated bulbs was remarkably suppressed. 5. Also the contents of sugar and ascorbic acid in the bulbs were not immediately affected by any dose of radiation used in this study. However, when the non-reducing sugar content in the untreated bulbs was gradually decreasing after the bulbs had commenced sprouting, the contents in the treated bulbs were not affected for any change. 6. The characteristic flavor of onion bulbs did not appneciably alter by the irradiation. 7. No significant differences of the concentra-tions of growth promoting and inhibiting substances in the inner buds were found to exist between the irradiated bulbs and the untreated ones.

著者

Mirai Azuma Takashi Onozaki Kazuo Ichimura

出版者

The Japanese Society for Horticultural Science

雑誌

The Horticulture Journal (ISSN:21890102)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.OKD-176, (Released:2018-09-27)

被引用文献数

8

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Cut dahlia (Dahlia variabilis) flowers have recently become popular in Japan, but have the disadvantage of only having a short vase life. Here, we sought to clarify which factors are responsible for this by investigating the effects of an antibacterial (CMIT/MIT) treatment and a combined glucose plus antibacterial (Glc + CMIT/MIT) treatment on the vase life of the cut flowers of 10 dahlia cultivars, as well as the bacterial growth kinetics in their vase solutions and the soluble carbohydrate contents of their petals. We found that the CMIT/MIT treatment extended the vase life of ‘Kamakura’, ‘Magic Pink’ and ‘Purple Stone’, all of which had relatively high numbers of bacteria in their vase solutions. By contrast, the Glc + CMIT/MIT treatment significantly extended the vase life of three cultivars and also increased the fresh weight of nine cultivars. A comparison of two cultivars with relatively long and short vase lives (‘Moon Waltz’ and ‘Port Light Pair Beauty’, respectively) showed that a longer vase life was related to a higher carbohydrate content in the petals. Together, these findings suggest that maintaining the carbohydrate level is important for extending the vase life of cut dahlia flowers.

著者

Marcelo Martínez-Muñoz Óscar J. Ayala-Garay V. Heber Aguilar-Rincón Víctor Conde-Martínez Tarsicio Corona-Torres

出版者

The Japanese Society for Horticultural Science

雑誌

The Horticulture Journal (ISSN:21890102)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.UTD-044, (Released:2018-12-28)

被引用文献数

3

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This study was conducted to evaluate the influence of fruit maturity and postharvest storage on the physiological qualities of chili seeds during development. Two types of chili were used (ancho and guajillo). Fruits were harvested at 40, 60, 80, 100, 120 and 140 days after anthesis (daa) and stored for 0, 7 and 14 days after harvest (dah). The moisture content of guajillo seeds throughout development decreased from 86 to 17%, while ancho maintained moisture at 47% at 80 dda. It was confirmed that precocious harvest (40 daa) was not beneficial to the physiological quality of chili seeds, even when it was associated with 14 dah. Germinability was correlated with electrical conductivity (R = −0.76): Ancho seeds germinated starting from 472.5 μS·cm−1·g−1 and guajillo seeds from 679.3 μS·cm−1·g−1. In fruits harvested 80 daa, 14 dah was essential to ensure the physiological quality of seeds in both types of chilies: mean germination was above 93%, and seed vigor was higher (germination after accelerated aging and mean germination speed were more than 90% and 5.6 radicle d−1, respectively). Seeds harvested 120 daa were of high quality, and post-harvest storage of fruits was not necessary. Expression of two late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins was detected in both types of chilies: the first synthesis (65 kDa) occurred 80 daa, and the second (50 kDa) occurred 120 daa and this was directly related to the maximal physiological quality of chili seeds.

著者

Megumu Takahashi Yuka Nakano Hidekazu Sasaki

出版者

The Japanese Society for Horticultural Science

雑誌

The Horticulture Journal (ISSN:21890102)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.OKD-143, (Released:2018-07-07)

被引用文献数

4

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Lateral heads, which generate after the harvest of an apical head of broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica), are generally small and have a low market value. Our purpose in this study was to increase the yield of broccoli from April to May, when domestic broccoli production is low, by removing excess branches (dubbed the “L-shaping” process) and growing one or two large and marketable lateral heads with the cultivar ‘Yumehibiki’. First, we demonstrated that transplanting seedlings in late-January and early-February to a field covered by plastic mulch and tunnels enabled apical heads and marketable lateral heads to be harvested in April and May, respectively. The number of marketable lateral heads reached a maximum 81% of that of apical heads. Next, we derived the base temperature (BT; °C), effective heat unit summation (EHUS; °C·day) from transplanting to apical head harvest, and additional EHUS from apical head harvest to lateral head harvest. They were 1.76°C, 747°C·day, and 254°C·day in 2016, and 1.74°C, 675°C·day and 204°C·day in 2017, respectively. The favorable timing for transplanting to result in the highest marketable yield was estimated as when the average temperature reached 4.0°C, but was less than 7.1°C. Finally, we characterized the lateral branches that were most likely to produce marketable lateral heads. The branches that produced marketable heads showed significantly higher values for thickness of branch, length of branch, and number of leaves on branch than those that produced nonmarketable heads, although the diameters of the developing heads on the branches were not significantly higher. Further analysis revealed that the leaf area was also significantly higher in marketable lateral heads than in nonmarketable heads. Taken together, the possibility of a substantial increase in yield during the broccoli off-crop season by using L-shaped ‘Yumehibiki’ was demonstrated in this study.

著者

Tatsuo Sato Harufumi Saito Keisuke Maejima Keiko Kuba Ani Widiastuti Mioko Yoshino

出版者

The Japanese Society for Horticultural Science

雑誌

The Horticulture Journal (ISSN:21890102)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.OKD-085, (Released:2017-09-08)

被引用文献数

5

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This study aimed to investigate the preventive effect of periodic hot water spraying against powdery mildew in strawberry as an alternative to chemical application as a protection method. Young upper leaves of ‘Sachinoka’ were dipped in hot water at 50°C for 20 s. Conidia of powdery mildew were inoculated 24 h after the treatment. The occurrence and growth rates of powdery mildew were apparently lower on leaves dipped in hot water than on those left untreated. Thus, resistance against powdery mildew was thought to be successfully induced by heat shock. Change in leaf temperature was tested using a prototype of a hot water sprayer at 57 ± 2°C. The resultant rise in temperature and temperature attained varied widely across the leaves. Nonetheless, the minimum requirement of a leaf temperature of 50°C in 10 s for inducing systemic resistance against crown rot could be attained in the treated plants. In this study, weekly hot water spraying treatments were conducted in ‘Sachinoka’ in 2008 and in ‘Tochiotome’ and ‘Hitachi-hime’ in 2009. In 2008, powdery mildew occurred explosively in the non-treated plants. However, its occurrence in plants treated with hot water spraying was less than that in the controls, but more than that after chemical application. In 2009, the occurrence rate was lower than that in the non-treated group of 2008 and extremely low after hot water spray treatment and chemical protection in both the varieties. Whether the difference in the occurrence of powdery mildew in both the years was because of the difference in environmental conditions or the difference between the varieties is not known. The plant height of ‘Hitachi-hime’ tended to become short after hot water spraying; however, no serious effects were noted on the growth and yield of strawberry plants. In conclusion, heat shock treatment by using hot water spraying can be considered an alternative method to chemical protection against mild powdery mildew incidence in strawberry.

著者

Kazuhiro Matsumoto Tomomichi Fujita Saki Sato

出版者

The Japanese Society for Horticultural Science

雑誌

The Horticulture Journal (ISSN:21890102)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.OKD-135, (Released:2018-02-22)

被引用文献数

7

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The evaluation of storability for the type 2 red-fleshed apple ‘Kurenainoyume’ is essential to expand its consumption for table and processing use, as the cultivation area of this cultivar has extended year by year. There is also little available information whether cold storage affects the skin and flesh coloration of ‘Kurenainoyume’ (type 2 apples). In the present study, we evaluated the effect of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) treatment on the storability of bagged and non-bagged fruit for respective table and processing use over 3 years. Furthermore, we determined the maximum storage duration of both bagged and non-bagged fruit with 1-MCP. No change was observed in the soluble solid content during cold storage regardless of 1-MCP and bagging treatments. The malic acid content, flesh firmness, and skin and flesh coloration decreased with longer storage duration, but the decrease in these parameters was alleviated by 1-MCP treatment. Without 1-MCP, the storage duration of both bagged and non-bagged fruit to maintain flesh firmness and coloration at acceptable levels was about 90 days after harvest (DAH). With 1-MCP, bagged fruit for table use could be stored for about 180–210 DAH with no severe decrease in flesh firmness. Non-bagged fruit for processing use could also be stored for the same duration as bagged fruit, but the flesh firmness severely deteriorated. Although cooling treatment during the fruit growing stage improved flesh coloration, we found that cold storage did not promote this factor.

著者

清水(丸雄) かほり 渋谷 俊夫 徳田 綾也子 瓦 朋子 杉脇 秀美

出版者

THE JAPANESE SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE

雑誌

園芸学研究 (ISSN:13472658)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.7, no.1, pp.23-26, 2008

被引用文献数

2

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ナス接ぎ木挿し穂の低温(5-10℃)貯蔵中に挿し穂下端部を温水に浸けるボトムヒート(BH)処理を行うことで,挿し木後の発根促進を試みた.ナス台木(<i>Solanum torvum</i> Sw.)挿し穂の挿し木後における根の成長は,BH処理温度26-31℃で最も促進され,その効果はBH処理期間が長くなるほど大きくなる傾向がみられた.BH処理を5日間継続したところ,処理開始4日目において貯蔵中に発根する挿し穂がみられた.発根した挿し穂は,挿し木する際に根を痛める可能性があることから,最適BH処理期間は3日間程度と考えられた.ナス接ぎ木挿し穂を貯蔵開始直後に処理温度27℃でBH処理を3日間行った結果,挿し木14日後おいて,BH処理した挿し穂の根部生体重はBH処理しなかった挿し穂の1.4倍,貯蔵せず直接挿し木した挿し穂の2.8倍であり,BH処理の効果が認められた.<br>

著者

八木 雅史

出版者

The Japanese Society for Horticultural Science

雑誌

The Horticulture Journal (ISSN:21890102)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.84, no.1, pp.3-13, 2015

被引用文献数

15

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ゲノム解析,マーカー育種という言葉が誕生して久しい昨今であるが,遺伝的に雑ぱくで,高次倍数性を含む花きにおいては,ゲノム関連研究はその他の園芸品目に比べても遅れていた.ところが近年の次世代型シーケンサーの誕生により,その環境が変わりつつある.主要な花きにおいては,網羅的な発現遺伝子情報の収集が行われ,カーネーションでは全ゲノムシーケンスが行われた.本総説では,カーネーションにおける,SSR マーカーによる標準連鎖地図の作成,花型,萎凋細菌病抵抗性に連鎖した DNA マーカーの開発などゲノム研究の最近の成果を中心にまとめるとともに,次世代シーケンサーを活用したその他の主要花きにおけるゲノム研究について概説した.

著者

Takuya Morimoto Takashi Akagi Ryutaro Tao

出版者

The Japanese Society for Horticultural Science

雑誌

The Horticulture Journal (ISSN:21890102)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.MI-060, (Released:2015-04-04)

被引用文献数

14 24

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Flowering plants have developed a genetically determined self-incompatibility (SI) system to maintain genetic diversity within a species. The Solanaceae, the Rosaceae, and the Plantaginaceae have the S-RNase-based gametophytic SI (GSI) system, which uses S-RNase and F-box proteins as the pistil S and pollen S determinants, respectively. SI is associated with culture and breeding difficulties in rosaceous fruit trees, such as apple, pear, and stone fruit species; therefore, researchers in the pomology field have long studied the mechanism and genetics of SI in order to obtain clues to overcome these difficulties. Here, we investigated the evolutionary paths of the S-RNase genes by tracking their duplication patterns. Phylogenetic analysis and estimation of proxy ages for the establishment of S-RNase and its homologs in several rosaceous species showed that the divergence of S-RNase in the subtribe Malinae and the genus Prunus predated the gene in most recent common ancestors of Rosaceae species. Furthermore, the duplicated S-RNase-like genes were accompanied by duplicated pollen S-like F-box genes, suggesting segmental duplications of the S locus. Analysis of the expression patterns and evolutionary speeds of duplicated S-RNase-like genes in Prunus suggested that these genes have lost the SI recognition function, resulting in a single S locus. Furthermore, the S loci in the current Rosaceae species might have evolved independently from the duplicated S loci, which could explain the presence of genus-specific SI recognition mechanisms in the Rosaceae. The results of the present study should be valuable for the future development of artificial SI control and for self-compatible breeding in rosaceous horticultural plant species.

著者

三浦 洋 萩沼 之孝 水田 昂

出版者

THE JAPANESE SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE

雑誌

園芸学会雑誌 (ISSN:00137626)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.1, pp.27-36, 1963 (Released:2007-05-31)

参考文献数

10

被引用文献数

1 2

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洋ナシ (バートレット種) は産地別に生育中ならびに追熟過程における生果および罐詰製品について, 和ナシは平塚産の適熟果の5品種について, ペクチンの性状を水溶性(W-S), ヘキサメタ燐酸ナトリウム可溶性 (P-S), 塩酸可溶性(H-S)の3つの可溶性区にわけ, ペクチン含量(%), 粘度 (inherent viscosity) および, この両者を総合したペクチンユニットについて検討した。1. 洋ナシ (1) 生育中のペクチン含量について, W-Sは成熟につれて減少するが, 中熟以降はその割合は少なく, 適熟果で約0.2%を示し, P-S, H-Sは成熟に伴う変化は少なく, P-Sで約0.1%, H-Sで約0.5%を示す。このことから追熟を行なわないかぎり, プロトペクチンは減少せず, 水溶性ペクチンも増加しないため, 肉質に洋ナシ特有の粘稠性をもつた食感を与えられないことは明らかである。また3可溶性成分の比率がW-S 20%, P-S 10~15%, H-S 65~70%のときが適熟果と考えられる。生育中のペクチンの粘度は成熟に伴つて増加し, 適熟果で最大の9前後を示し, 過熟になるとやや減少する。このことから, 質的には中熟以後かなり高分子のペクチンが含まれることが推察できる。生育中の全ペクチンユニットはあまり変化がなく, W-S, H-Sのペクチンユニットがその大きな要因となるが, 未熟果ではW-S, 成熟果ではH-Sがより大きく品質を左右するものと考えられる。(2) 追熟中のペクチン含量(%)ではW-Sは増加し, 罐詰の加工適期で0.3~0.4%を示し, H-Sは逆に追熟に伴つて減少し, 加工適期で0.1~0.2%を示すが, P-Sは追熟中ほとんど変らず, 約0.1%と少ない。したがつて加工適期では全ペクチン中W-Sが50~60%をしめる。追熟中の粘度の挙動については, 3可溶性ペクチンとも追熟の進むにしたがつて減少するが, H-Sの減少率は少なく, 加工適期でH-SはW-Sの約倍の4前後を示す。追熟中全ペクチンユニットは減少するが, 加工適期ではW-SとH-Sのユニットはほぼ同じ程度を示し, 全ペクチンユニット0.8~1.0で, W-S>H-Sの場合が品質はよいようである。(3) 洋ナシ罐詰製品中の果肉のペクチン含量(%)は生果の場合と異なり, W-Sは追熟によつてもそれほど増加せず, H-Sは減少するが, その割合は生果に比して少ない。加工適期の試料で各可溶性ペクチンの含量比率はW-S 55%, H-S 15%を示す。粘度は追熟度の進んだものは生果に比していちじるしく低下する。全ペクチンユニット中ではW-Sの方がH-Sのユニットよりもその比率は大きい。2. 和ナシ 和ナシの適熟果は洋ナシに比して全ペクチン含量低く, 0.1~0.2%で, H-Sは0.05%を示すが, W-Sは品種によつてかなり差があり, 多いもので0.12%, 少ないもので0.03%を示す。P-Sは0.01%と非常に少ない。したがつてH-Sは全ペクチン含量中35~55%を占め, 洋ナシの追熟果に比してその比率の大きいことが目立つ。粘度は洋ナシの追熟果に比してかなり高く, とくにP-Sの粘度の高いこと, W-SがH-Sよりも高いことが目立つ。このことから, 和ナシのペクチンは質的には洋ナシより高分子のものが含まれているといえよう。しかし, ペクチン含量が少ないので, 全ペクチンユニットはかなり低い。品種間では長十郎がもつとも高い数値を示している。

著者

Nguyen Thi Lam Hai 比良松 道一 金 鐘和 増田 順一郎 大久保 敬

出版者

THE JAPANESE SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE

雑誌

Journal of the Japanese Society for Horticultural Science (ISSN:18823351)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.81, no.2, pp.191-197, 2012 (Released:2012-04-17)

参考文献数

33

被引用文献数

1 1

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ハカタユリの花は開花時には黄色であるが,一日で白色へ変化する.本性質を有し,さらにウイルス病を回避できる種子繁殖性品種の育成を目的に,ハカタユリ(♂)とその近縁種であるタカサゴユリ,テッポウユリ,およびシンテッポウユリ(♀)の種間交配をおこなった.交配 7 から 28 日後の発達中の子房の薄切片をショ糖 40 g・L−1,D マニトール 40 g・L−1,およびジェランガム 2.5 g・L−1 を含む MS 培地上で培養した.タカサゴユリ × ハカタユリおよびシンテッポウユリ × ハカタユリから雑種個体を得ることができたがテッポウユリ × ハカタユリからは得られなかった.順化した 179 個体中 79 個体は栽培 1 年以内に開花し,それらの花はハカタユリと同じ花色変化の性質を有していた.また,それらの内 28 個体はタカサゴユリが持つ多花茎性をも有していた.雑種個体は高い花粉稔性を示したが,それらの自家交配では成熟種子は得られなかった.

著者

安達 義輝 小森 貞男 星川 義真 田中 紀充 阿部 和幸 別所 英男 渡邉 学 壽松木 章

出版者

THE JAPANESE SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE

雑誌

Journal of the Japanese Society for Horticultural Science (ISSN:18823351)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.78, no.4, pp.402-409, 2009 (Released:2009-10-23)

参考文献数

33

被引用文献数

30 34

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リンゴを含むバラ科に属する種は自家不和合性を有しているが,多くの種では倍数化によって打破される報告がある.リンゴで同質四倍体品種とその倍数化前オリジナル二倍体品種を用いて,交雑和合性試験および花粉管伸長調査を行った.同質四倍体品種が自家結実性を示し,同質四倍体品種花粉が自家受粉およびオリジナル二倍体品種雌ずいにおいて和合性を誘導した.一方,オリジナル二倍体品種花粉を同質四倍体品種に交配した場合には不和合性を示したことから,同質四倍体品種の自家和合性誘導の原因は花粉側にあることが示唆された.また,自家受粉の花粉管伸長は同質四倍体品種が最も大きく,次いで二倍体,三倍体の順であった.二倍体および三倍体品種の花粉管は雌ずいの倍数性とは無関係に伸長が抑制されるのに対し,同質四倍体品種の花粉管は他家受粉には及ばないが不和合花粉管よりも有意に伸長する中間的な伸長度を示した.交雑試験と花粉管伸長調査の結果から,同質四倍体品種の自家和合性は花粉側にあることが判明した.さらに,倍数化による花粉管伸長度の増大ではなく,自家不和合性機構が打破されている可能性が示された.

著者

鈴木 雄大 山岸 真澄

出版者

The Japanese Society for Horticultural Science

雑誌

The Horticulture Journal (ISSN:21890102)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.85, no.3, pp.224-231, 2016 (Released:2016-07-23)

参考文献数

31

被引用文献数

14 16

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日本で主に生産されている食用ユリはコオニユリ(Lilium leichtlinii, 2n = 2x = 24)であるが,ウイルス病やボトリチス病が問題となっている.三倍体オニユリ(L. lancifolium, 2n = 3x = 36)の鱗茎も食用に利用できる.後者は道端や農地の周辺で野生化していることより日本の気候に適応していると考えられ,食用ユリの遺伝資源として重要である.しかしオニユリは葉腋にムカゴを発生させるため(ムカゴは鱗茎と栄養を競合し,鱗茎の肥大を妨げる),経済栽培には用いられていない.種間交雑は遺伝的な多様性を増加させるので観賞用ユリの品種育成には積極的に用いられているが,食用ユリの育種にはあまり使われていない.本研究では三倍体オニユリとコオニユリを交雑し,その F1 の形質を調査した.結果,得られた F1 はすべて,染色体数 26 本から 34 本の異数体であった.ムカゴ発生能力は F1 集団で連続分布し,量的形質として認められた.F1 57 個体のうち 49 個体(86%)でムカゴが発生しなかった.このことはこの交雑組み合わせから,ムカゴをつけない異数体が得られることを示している.葯の形態に異常が認められる個体が分離した.また F1 における花粉の発芽率は20% を超えるものはなく,85% の個体で発芽しなかった.しかし,食用ユリの収穫対象は鱗茎なので,花器官の形態異常や低い花粉稔性は食用ユリにおいては大きな問題にはならないと考えた.以上の結果より三倍体オニユリとコオニユリの種間雑種によってすぐれた食用ユリ品種を育成できる可能性が示された.

著者

中村 怜之輔

出版者

THE JAPANESE SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE

雑誌

園芸学会雑誌 (ISSN:00137626)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.1, pp.73-76, 1961-03-31 (Released:2008-12-25)

参考文献数

13

被引用文献数

4 3

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1.渋ガキ果実の脱渋に対する凍結貯蔵の影響の有無をみるために,京大付属農場から採取した13品種の果実について,-12°Cおよび-25°Cの凍結貯蔵を10~90日間続け,その間における可溶性タンニン含量の変化を観察した。 2.その結果,凍結後すぐには脱渋しないが,貯蔵日数の経つに従つて可溶性タンニンが漸減し,一定期間後には確実に脱渋した。その場合の品種による脱渋の難易は,炭酸ガス法による脱渋の難易とよく一致した。 3.凍結貯蔵温度が-20~-30°Cまでは低いほど脱渋が速やかにおこるが,それ以下の極低温になるとかえつて脱渋が遅くなる傾向がみられた。 4.脱渋の機構につき2, 3考察を試みたが,その結果従来の脱渋機構とは性質を異にするようである。すなわち,凍結によりタンニン物質そのものは変化しないがそれを包含する膠質物質の不可逆的変性,特に脱水変性に密接に関係するものと思われる。

著者

熊沢 三郎 阿部 定夫

出版者

THE JAPANESE SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE

雑誌

園芸学会雑誌 (ISSN:00137626)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, no.2, pp.69-84, 1955-09-30 (Released:2008-12-19)

参考文献数

14

被引用文献数

3 5

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Mustards, Brassicas which have 18 pairs of chro-mosomes, are important vegetables in the Orient. In Japan, though they are of relatively minor impor-tance, there are many local varieties and rather wide variations of characteristics in the mustards grown there. The authors have collected and cultivated about 200 varieties from Japan, China, Formosa and Nepal since 1946, and have investigated their characters. According to their plant size, root forms, tillering ability, and leaf characters, the authors classified them into eight classes and 25 groups, as shown in the table. (1) Brown mustard This oil mustard is of world-wide importance and is generally grown for its oil and for flour. It is little grown in Japan, mostly confined in the north-ern part. (2) Tuberous rooted mustard Cultivation of this curious vegetable is confined in North China, Manchuria and Mongolia, where the winter is severe (Fig. 1 and 5). (3) Chinese curled mustard It is grown in Central China and differs from the curled mustard (5) in respect to its fasciculate growth (Fig. 5). (4) Narrow leaf mustard Although resembling to some types of the former (3), it is distinguished in muilified leaves and has been grown in the same region (Fig. 7). (5) Curled mustard Possibly of South Asiatic origin. It is frequently grown for a salad in Europe and America, and its several varieties have established themselves in Japan (Fig. 8). (6) Broad leaf mustard In China its distribution ranges from the middle to more or less southern parts. It was possibly introduced early into Japan, and has been locally grown in the middle and southern parts (Fig. 9). (7) Cabbage mustard It has widely been cultivated in the South-east Asia, especially in South China and Himalaya and has been the most important vegetable for salting, because of the lack of Chinese cabbage and radish production there. Its quality is excellant. In Japan it was introduced from Szechwan, China, about fifty years ago, and has been acclimatized through hybridization with the Japanese varieties. It is becoming important for commercial growing in this country (Fig. 10). (8) Tuberous stemmed mustard A wonderful type grown in South China, especi-ally Szechwan Province and Formosa. Its salted products are very delicious, being regarded as the best pickle in Asia (Fig. 1). All classes except the brown mustard which is considered as the basic type, can be summed up into the following four group based on their characters and distribution. 1. The tuberous rooted mustard which is distrib-uted in the northern part of the Chinese Continent. 2. The Chinese curled mustard and narrow leaf mustard in Central China. 3. The broad leaf mustard, cabbage mustard and tuberous stemmed mustard in South-east Asia. 4 The curled mustard of probably South Asiatic origin. These four groups would have probably been main stems in the evolution of varieties from the brown mustard. It may be concluded as follows: The species of Brassica juncea is a native of Cen-tral Asia, and the variation in the characteristics of mustards occurred in the region from the south to north-east of it's native area. Various forms cultivated at first in this native place have evolved and differentiated into the polymorphic and valuable variations in China.

著者

深井 誠一 辻 恵太

出版者

THE JAPANESE SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE

雑誌

園芸学会雑誌 (ISSN:00137626)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.73, no.5, pp.447-452, 2004-09-15 (Released:2008-01-31)

参考文献数

19

被引用文献数

5 5

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四種のアジア原産トランペットユリ(Liliumcentifolium centifolium, L. sargentiae, L. wallichianum, and L. regale 'Album')をシンテッポウユリ(L. × formolongi)品種ホワイトランサーに花柱切断法で交配した.子房胚珠培養法と胚培養を行い雑種植物体の獲得数を比較した.いずれの交配組合せでも子房胚珠培養法でより多くの交雑植物が得られた. rDNAのPCR-RFLP分析により,幼植物の雑種性が確認された.得られた交雑植物は,いずれも白色トランペット型の花をつけ,花粉稔性は低かった.

著者

林 公彦 牛島 孝策 千々和 浩幸 姫野 周二

出版者

THE JAPANESE SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE

雑誌

園芸学会雑誌 (ISSN:00137626)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.73, no.4, pp.346-353, 2004-07-15 (Released:2008-01-31)

参考文献数

35

被引用文献数

7 7

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To reduce labor costs in the cultivation of Japanese persimmon which is prone to be too vigorous, a horizontal trellis training system was attempted as a practical method for lowering the tree height. The frameworks of an open center, 3.6 m high 'Matsumotowase-Fuyu' Japanese persimmon trees were altered to a horizontal frame at 1.8 m height on February 1992 by cutting back secondary scaffold branches at 1.5. to 1.6 m above ground level. The tree growth, yields and fruit quality of the altered trees were compared with the open-center free-standing trees control. One year after altering the framework, the canopy area on horizontally trellised trees expanded vigorously, compared with the control group. After pruning, the trees with altered the framework were left with twenty percent more lateral branches than the open center free-standing trees. Two years after altering, the number of shoots per canopy area was greater in the treated trees than in the control, but the number of shoots per lateral branches and mean shoot length did not significantly differ from the control group. Annual fruit yield was 300 kg/a higher in the horizontal trellis system than that of the unaltered free standing system group, and the number of fruits per canopy area exceeded 10 fruits/m2. Over 4-year period, the horizontally trellised trees produced more flowers per lateral branch than did the open center free-standing ones. Physiological fruit drop rates were lower in horizontally trellised trees than in those of the control. Fruit on the former was significantly heavier than that on the letter. The percentage of fruit weighing more than 260 g accounted for 61.2% of the total yield in horizontally trellised trees. During the period of 80 days after blossoming to harvest, fruit diameter increased significantly faster on horizontally trellised trees than that on the free standing trees. Similarly, the commencement of fruit skin coloring and harvest time was advanced in the treated trees compared with those of the control. In conclusion, by lowering tree height the horizontal trellis training system achieves the following: decreased harvest and pruning costs, increased yield and fruit weight, improved fruit quality, and advanced maturation. These advantages indicate that this system has a strong potential as a training system that will be used extensively in the near future.

著者

文室 政彦

出版者

THE JAPANESE SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE

雑誌

園芸学会雑誌 (ISSN:00137626)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.66, no.3-4, pp.459-465, 1997 (Released:2008-05-15)

参考文献数

29

被引用文献数

5 4

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西村早生わい性系統の果実生産力が高い原因を明らかにするために, 29年生および30年生樹を供試し,乾物生産と分配を検討した.1.強勢系統の地上部新鮮重および地下部新鮮重は, それぞれわい性系統より, 5.9倍, 5.3倍高かった. 材葉比およびT-R率は系統間に差がなかった.2.単位樹冠占有面積当たり収量は系統間に差がなかったが, 単位葉面積当たりおよび単位幹断面積当たり収量はわい性系統が強勢系統より高かった.3.着果樹の1樹当たり年間の乾物生産量は, 強勢系統がわい性系統より4.7倍高かった. 単位葉乾物重当たりおよび単位葉面積当たりの乾物生産量は系統間に差異はなかった. わい性系統は強勢系統より果実への乾物分配率が高く, 新梢および旧枝への分配率は低かった.4.適正着果樹は全摘果樹より, 1樹当たり年間の乾物生産量が強勢系統で1.3倍, わい性系統で2.2倍高く, 単位葉乾物重当たりおよび単位葉面積当たり乾物生産量は強勢系統で1.3倍, わい性系統で1.5倍高かった.以上の結果, '西村早生'わい性系統の果実生産力が強勢系統より高いのは, 葉の乾物生産力が高いのではなく, 果実への乾物分配率が高いためであることが明らかになった. また, わい性系統は葉量が顕著に少ないために樹体の全乾物生産量が低く, 加えて果実への乾物分配率が高いために新梢および旧枝への乾物分配率が低下し, 樹体をわい化させるものと考えられる.

著者

川俣 昌大 小原 均 大川 克哉 村田 義宏 高橋 英吉 松井 弘之

出版者

THE JAPANESE SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE

雑誌

園芸学会雑誌 (ISSN:00137626)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.71, no.1, pp.68-73, 2002-01-15 (Released:2008-01-31)

参考文献数

15

被引用文献数

1 2

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養液栽培によるイチジクの周年生産のための基礎的資料を得ることを目的に二期作栽培を試みた.養液栽培イチジクの4年生樹を早期加温して得られた一番枝を用いた一作目と, 夏季の摘心後または切り戻しせん定後に再発芽した二番枝を用いた二作目における収量および果実の品質を調査した.なお, 培養液は園試処方の1/2単位(EC値1.5dS・m-1に相当)とし, 約2週間に1度全量交換した.1. 1月10日に切り戻しせん定を行い, 加温(最低温度15℃)を開始すると, 一番枝は1月29日に萌芽し, 果実は6月7日から9月30日まで収穫できた.また, 一番枝当たりの総収量は約1.5kg(15.0個), 平均果実重は104gとなり, 平均糖度は14%であった.2. 6月14日に一番枝を約200cm(約30節)の部位で摘心後, 最上位節から発生した二番枝は6月30日に萌芽し, 果実は11月24日から2月14日まで収穫できた.また, 二番枝当たりの総収量は約1.3kg(15.8個), 平均果実重は80g, 平均糖度は16%であったが, 12&acd;22節位の着果率が低かった.3. 7月26日に一番枝すべてを切り戻しせん定すると, 二番枝は8月5日に萌芽し, 果実は12月6日から2月14日まで収穫できた.また, 二番枝当たりの総収量は約1.0kg(12.5個), 平均果実重は72g, 平均糖度は16%であった.以上の結果より, 養液栽培によるイチジク4年生樹の二期作では, これまで明らかにされている土耕による早期加温栽培と比較して, 一作目の早期収穫が可能となり, 高品質・高収量の果実が得られた.また, 二期作目の果実はやや小さくなるものの糖度が一作目より高くなることから, 養液栽培によるイチジク果実の周年供給が十分可能と考えられた.

著者

堀内 昭作 湯田 英二 中川 昌一 森本 純平 我藤 雄

出版者

THE JAPANESE SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE

雑誌

園芸学会雑誌 (ISSN:00137626)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.59, no.2, pp.225-235, 1990 (Released:2007-07-05)

参考文献数

10

被引用文献数

3 2

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‘ハヤシ系ウンシュウ’に‘セキトウユ’, ‘バレンシアオレンジ’, ‘ダンカン’グレープフルーツ, ポンカン, ‘セミノール’の5種•品種を交配し, 得られた種子の形状の差異により, 発芽可能な受精胚を含む種子を識別する方法を確立した.受精胚を含む種子の形状の特徴は, 扁平で凸凹が少なく, 比較的大きく充実していた. 胚の特徴は1種子内に1~数個存在しており, 種皮の縫線と2枚の子葉の合一する線とが一致し, 珠心胚の子葉とは異なる色を呈するものが多い, などである.どの五つの交配組み合わせにおいても, この特徴を持つ種子が存在した. また, 胚数には花粉親の影響が認められ, とくに, ‘セキトウユ’にその影響が強かった.これらの種子より生じた実生の葉の形状を珠心胚実生の葉と比較検討したところ, 明らかな差異が認められ, 交雑実生であることが確認できた.‘バレンシア’オレンジを母本に同様に5種•品種を交配した場合には, この特徴を持つ種子は出現しなかった.さらに, 32種•品種の自然受粉した種子について, 同様の特徴のある単胚種子の出現を調査したところ, 種•品種により大きな差異が認められたので, これらの品種をA型(単胚率10%以上), B型(単胚率0~10%), C型(単胚率0%)の3型に分類した.AおよびB型の種•品種は, 本研究で開発した種子の形状による受精胚を含む種子の選抜法を利用すれば母本として育種親に用いることが可能である.ウンシュウミカンを母本に用いた本実験では, この方法を用いることにより, 5交配組み合わせの種子662個から119個の交雑実生を得ることができた.