著者
田中 久男
出版者
アメリカ学会
雑誌
アメリカ研究 (ISSN:03872815)
巻号頁・発行日
no.40, pp.39-56, 2006

This article is an attempt to explore the structured violence in the South as a form of culture, focusing on such an actual outburst of violence as the Emmett Till case and on William Faulkner's "Dry September" (1931) as a fictional rendering of it. In The American Way of Violence (1972) Alphonso Pinkney detects the strong connection between American Calvinism and the Social Darwinism which helped to advance the tendency of American society to dichotomize human society into two groups such as the saved and the damned, the superior and the inferior, or the good and the evil—a dichotomization which was taken advantage of to justify black slavery and the massacre of Native Americans. William Styron presents in his masterpiece, Sophie's Choice (1979), the idea of the two greatest absolute evils in human history, which, in his view, were materialized in black slavery and theholocaust: the slavery as a collective social enforcement of white supremacy and the holocaust as an outcome of the 'overdetermination' of many social influences, that is, a composite agency of anti-Semitism and other factors such as religion, economics, politics, or nationalism.This article first highlights an episode in Ernest Hemingway's The Sun Also Rises (1926) in which Robert Cohn was awakened to his Jewish identity and the latent habitus of anti-Semitism at Princeton. We see the same kind of awakening in the Jewish character Nathan Landau in Sophie's Choice, who seems in the end to be crushed by the huge dogma of anti-Semitism. We can recognize the tremendous violence of anti-Semitism in society from the ordeal which the young Lionel Trilling experienced as a Jew at Princeton. In the same vein, we can see the agony of Franz Fanon's Black Skin, White Masks (1967), a work that makes a splendid analysis of the great bias of European Christian culture towards regarding the color black as a stigma, as it is closely connected with Satan, evil, immorality, or darkness—a bias which, in association with the concept of the great chain of being, seems greatly responsible for the view of black people as racially inferior in the human scale. Toni Morrison also draws our attention to such problems as "the pain of being black" in tightly racialized American society which had been shaped not only by the prevalence of Social Darwinism in the late nineteenth century but also by the enforcement of the Jim Crow laws and the twisted interpretation of the Bible endorsed by the idea of white supremacy.The murder of Emmett Till, a fourteen-year-old black boy from Chicago, by two white supremacists, which took place in Money, Mississippi, in the summer of 1955, is symbolic of the structured violence, which resembles a Southern version of Louis Althusser's idea of "Ideological State Apparatuses" and which is based on the racial fanaticism peculiar to the Deep South. Morrison wrote a play entitled Dreaming Emmett, with the hope that the white and the black could make the nightmare their common memory. William Faulkner wrote a letter of grief and lamentation about this case to a newspaper, deploring the irredeemable violent bigotry of his native soil. In "Dry September" Faulkner describes such bigotry in a Southern small town as revealed in the ex-soldier's effort to maintain "the power structure in which they 'protect' women and terrorize blacks." Nevertheless, we should feel the shock of recognition, as if we were dazzled by the deep chasm between actuality and fiction, when we read his mysterious 1931 letter published in the Memphis Commercial Appeal, a letter saying that lynch mobs "have a way of being right."
著者
大野 大典
出版者
合成樹脂工業協会
雑誌
ネットワークポリマー (ISSN:13420577)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.38, no.6, pp.277-284, 2017-11-20 (Released:2017-12-27)
参考文献数
24
被引用文献数
1

近年,電子機器の高性能化にともない,用いられる部品・部材に対しても従来よりも高い性能が求められている。電子部品に用いられる樹脂に対しては,鉛リフロー半田に対応できる高耐熱性,高速情報通信における低損失のための低誘電特性,環境問題への対応からノンハロゲンでの難燃性,実装時の信頼性向上のための低熱膨張性,環境からの吸湿による不具合や特性変化を小さくするための低吸水性,といった種々の特性を向上させることが求められており,これらの要求に対応するために各種機能性熱硬化性樹脂の開発が進められている。本稿では,高耐熱性と低誘電特性を併せ持つ樹脂の開発動向,高耐熱性と難燃性を併せ持つ樹脂の開発動向について紹介する。
出版者
日経BP社
雑誌
日経コミュニケ-ション (ISSN:09107215)
巻号頁・発行日
no.380, pp.62-64, 2002-12-16

IP-VPN(仮想閉域網)サービスの信頼性が今後大幅に上がる。サービス網の基幹技術である「MPLS」の新機能を使うことで,障害発生時のう回路への切り替えが,わずか50ミリ秒で可能になる。ベンダー各社は,通信事業者向けルーターにこの新機能を実装済みであり,2003年には採用サービスが広がる見込みだ。 今や企業ネットワークの定番となったIP-VPNサービス。
著者
Naoki Gocho Ema Aoki Chiho Okada Kazuki Omura Takeshi Hirashima Natsuko Suzuki Hideki Tanaka Yasue Omori
出版者
The Japanese Society of Internal Medicine
雑誌
Internal Medicine (ISSN:09182918)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.55, no.13, pp.1755-1760, 2016-07-01 (Released:2016-07-01)
参考文献数
27
被引用文献数
11 13

We herein describe a patient with non-occlusive mesenteric ischemia (NOMI) potentially associated with the administration of a sodium glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor. A 60-year-old man with type 1 diabetes was transferred to our hospital due to vomiting and respiratory distress. He was treated with insulin, metformin and a SGLT2 inhibitor, which had recently been added. He was diagnosed with intestinal ischemia complicated by diabetic ketoacidosis and lactic acidosis. Urgent exploratory surgery was performed, and the gangrenous bowel was resected. Histological findings confirmed the diagnosis of NOMI. The administration of SGLT2 inhibitors therefore requires certain exceptions for type 1 diabetes and cautious monitoring for the occurrence of these possible adverse effects.
著者
佐藤 万亀子
出版者
関西大学社会学部
雑誌
関西大学社会学部紀要 (ISSN:02876817)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.36, no.3, pp.77-107, 2005-03

経済の混迷する現在、職場の労務管理は、家族的温情主義から、個人と組織の欲求を統一した人的資源管理への移行が時代の趨勢となり、キャリアカウンセリングの台頭を見ることになった。職場カウンセリングの来談に動機づけられない日本人の意識構造をカバーするために、スクリーニングとして「労働意識調査」を介した回答結果によって、自己の意識を客観的に見てもらう体験を通して、来談のための内発的な動機づけを高めると考えられた。呼び出しに応じて来談したクライエントは、面接場面で、象徴的な自己を吐露する現象が見られた。これらのクライエントの抱える問題の内容は、多種多様で、かつ深刻であった。問題がさらに重大にならない前の早い時期に、もし、パーソンセンタードのカウンセリングによって、認知変容ができれば、クライエントの人生の真の意味を気づかせるばかりか、さらに精神的健康の増進にもつながると考えられる。さらに医療費の軽減をもたらすことが期待でき、今後の医療政策へも、一つの示唆を与えることが出来ると考えられる。
著者
高原 駿 望山 洋
出版者
一般社団法人 日本機械学会
雑誌
ロボティクス・メカトロニクス講演会講演概要集 2013 (ISSN:24243124)
巻号頁・発行日
pp._1P1-F07_1-_1P1-F07_4, 2013-05-22 (Released:2017-06-19)

In this paper, we propose a swimming robot driven by a water jet pump with an active exible nozzle for steering. The proposed robot is of 220[mm] in length and consists of a slim body for entering a narrow space. Experimental results using a prototype of the proposed swimming robot show that the robot not only can swim forward at the average velocity of 0.44[m/s] corresponding about 2[BL/s](body length per second), but also can turn underwater at the average angular velocity of 156[deg/s] with a small turning radius of 160[mm].
著者
的場 理一郎 中田 伸生 二村 裕一 土山 聡宏 高木 節雄
出版者
一般社団法人 日本鉄鋼協会
雑誌
鉄と鋼 (ISSN:00211575)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.93, no.7, pp.513-517, 2007-07-01 (Released:2009-02-13)
参考文献数
9
被引用文献数
17 16

The “nominal grain size” (average grain size) is generally applied to Hall-Petch relationship to evaluate grain refinement strengthening in polycrystalline materials. However, the steels with wide grain size distribution (duplex-grained structure) may not deform uniformly but yield preferentially from larger grains to finer ones. This phenomenon is called “micro-yielding”. In this study, the effect of duplex-grained structure on the yield stress was investigated by using some IF steels with different grain size distribution. As a result of tensile testing, the yield stress of duplex-grained steels could be conventionally plotted on the Hall-Petch relationship as a function of (nominal grain size)-1/2 in the range from 100 to 10 μm, even though the micro-yielding phenomenon occurred within the coarse grains at a lower stress than the macroscopic yield stress. When the volume fraction of grains with identical size is summed from larger-sized ones, the summated volume fraction (defined as the integrated volume fraction) always reaches 70-80 vol% at the nominal grain size irrespective of the difference in grain size distribution. These results suggest that polycrystalline materials including duplex-grained structure materials cause the macroscopic yielding when the grains of 70-80 vol% are micro-yielded.
著者
原田 利宣 石田 智子 吉本 富士市
出版者
日本デザイン学会
雑誌
デザイン学研究 (ISSN:09108173)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.49, no.3, pp.61-68, 2002
参考文献数
8
被引用文献数
2

自動車インテリア評価に関する既存研究例には,写真や2次元CG,実車を用いて評価したものが多い。写真や2次元CGは室内空間という臨場感に欠け,実車は精度が高くリアルだが,意図した形態要素を含んでいるとは限らない。そこで,本研究では立体感,スケール感を再現できるVRシステムを用いてより精度の高いデザイン評価を行うことにより,インスツルメントパネルを構成する形態要素と印象との関係を明確化することを目的とした。まず,既存車39車種のインパネを計測し,プロポーション,面構造,曲線(面)の3つの視点から分析を行った。それによりインパネ形状に影響を与える形態要素を抽出し,それらを用いて実験計画法によるVRモデルの作成を行った。次に,作成したVRモデルを10語の評価用語を用いて評価実験し,主効果を求め,分散分析,t検定を用いてどの形態要素がどのような印象に影響するのか調査した。その結果,各評価用語に対し影響すると考えられる形態要素が抽出された。