著者
高嶋 雅明
出版者
和歌山大学
雑誌
経済理論 (ISSN:04516222)
巻号頁・発行日
no.248, pp.p22-45, 1992-07
著者
高嶋 雅明
出版者
和歌山大学経済学会
雑誌
経済理論 (ISSN:04516222)
巻号頁・発行日
no.295, pp.83-107, 2000-05
被引用文献数
1
著者
高嶋 雅明
出版者
和歌山大学経済学会
雑誌
経済理論 (ISSN:04516222)
巻号頁・発行日
no.139, pp.72-89, 1974-07
著者
高嶋 雅明
出版者
全国地方銀行協会
雑誌
地方金融史研究 (ISSN:02867796)
巻号頁・発行日
no.14, pp.p135-139, 1983-04
著者
高嶋 雅明
出版者
土地制度史学会(現 政治経済学・経済史学会)
雑誌
土地制度史学 (ISSN:04933567)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.14, no.4, pp.35-50, 1972

It is one of the important subjects of research to see how the emigration of the Japanese people and the advance of our Government, Armed Forces and Monopolists into foreign territories were interrelated to make up the whole body of the Japanese imperialistic, invasion in the early decades of this century. I tried in the following study to approach this problem by making clear the relation・・・・・・mainly in trade・・・・・・between Japan and the Vladivostok districts which had a great deal to do with the so-called "Manchuria, Mongol and the Russian Far East." By examining the nature of the trade and by analyzing the business management of the representative Japanese financial agencies in the Vladivostok districts, I tried to elucidate the historical fact that these agencies were founded one after another just in accordance with the various stages of the development of trade between Japan and Vladivostok. Some of the conclusions reached are as follows : (1) The Japan-Vladivostok trade before the Russo-Japanese War was limited mainly to the supply of materials needed for the maintenace of the functions of Vladivostok Harbor and to the small transactions with the Japanese emigrant workers ; consequently the financial business was carried out only by the small branches of private firms, for example, Vladivostok Sugiura Bank. (2) In time, however, the trade came to be centered upon Manchurian beans, and the increase of exchange transactions with various parts of the world made it imperative for modern financial establishments to found their branches in Vladivostok. Vladivostok Matsuda Bank ・・・ an overseas branch of Juhachi Bank, a provincial bank with its main office in Nagasaki ・・・ put its small capital and the deposits of the Chinese and Korean merchants into the selling and buying of foreign bills addressed to London, Yokohama and Osaka in connection with Vladivostok trade. (3) Finally big businesses began to take into their hands the trade of Manchurian beans and they came to take notice of the political and economic significance of "Manchuria, Mongol and the Russian Far East", and thus Vladivostok Harbor was regarded as an important outpost for their purpose; hence the advance of Yokohama Specie Bank and Korean Bank into these districts. And these special banks made the way clear for a financial rule over Manchuria by the Japanese imperialists.
著者
越後谷 和貴 岡田 恭司 皆方 伸 長谷川 弘一 若狭 正彦 木元 稔 齊藤 明 大倉 和貴 須田 智寛 南波 晃
出版者
公益社団法人 日本理学療法士協会
雑誌
理学療法学Supplement
巻号頁・発行日
vol.46, pp.E-183_2-E-183_2, 2019

<p>【目的】</p><p> 脳卒中後片麻痺患者のうち、リハビリ開始時に杖なしで自立歩行が可能な患者では、歩行パターンに何らかの異常を有しても、歩行自立の妨げにはならない程度の異常と言える。よってこれらの異常を定量的に明らかにできれば、片麻痺患者に歩行自立を許可する基準となると考えられる。近年、簡便かつ定量的に歩行パターンを評価できるツールとして足圧分布が種々の疾患で広く調べられており、片麻痺患者でも応用が期待できる。本研究の目的は、回復期リハビリ開始前から自立歩行が可能であった片麻痺患者の歩行パターンを、足圧分布を用いて解析し、自立歩行を許可しうる異常を明らかにすることである。</p><p>【方法】</p><p> 回復期リハビリテーションを受けた脳卒中後患者31名のうち、入院時に杖なしで歩行が自立していた右片麻痺患者8名(自立歩行群;男6名、女2名、平均年齢62 ±7歳、梗塞4名、出血4名)と、75歳未満の地域在住者で下肢に整形疾患のない14名(健常群;男7名、女7名、64 ± 6歳)を対象に足圧分布測定システム(F-scan Ⅱ、ニッタ社製)を用いて、10 m 快適歩行における足圧分布、および歩行速度を計測した。足圧分布のデータより、踵、足底中央、中足骨、母趾、第2-5趾の5領域の荷重圧比、足圧中心軌跡の足部長軸方向の移動距離比である%Long をそれぞれ3回計測し、平均値を算出した。統計学的検討では健常群と比較した入院時の特徴を明らかにするため、荷重圧比、%Long、歩行速度の群間比較に対応のないt 検定を用いた。また荷重圧比、%Long と歩行速度との相関をSpearman の順位相関係数で検討した。解析ソフトはSPSS 21 を用い、有意水準は5%とした。</p><p>【結果】</p><p> 健常群に比べ、自立歩行群では右足(麻痺側)の足底中央への荷重圧比が高値(健常群2.9 ± 1.7% vs.自立歩行群 8.3 ± 6.4%)を示し、第2-5趾への荷重圧比が低値(8.8 ± 4.0% vs. 5.4 ± 1.5%)で、%Longは低値(78.7 ± 7.4% vs. 70.1 ± 8.3%)を示した(それぞれp = 0.008,p = 0.014,p = 0.030)。左足(非麻痺側)では足底中央への荷重圧比が高値(2.8 ± 2.1% vs. 8.2 ± 8.1%)を示し、%Longは低値(77.8 ± 6.8% vs. 68.2 ± 6.1%)を示した(それぞれp = 0.034,p = 0.004)。自立歩行群で歩行速度は低値(1.3 ± 0.2 m/sec vs. 1.0 ± 0.2 m/sec)を示した(p = 0.006)。</p><p> 歩行速度は右足の踵(rs = .49,p = 0.022)、%Long(rs = .45,p = 0.035)とそれぞれ有意な正の相関を示し、足底中央(rs = ‐.56,p = 0.007)とは有意な負の相関を示した。また左足の踵(rs = .56,p = 0.007)、%Long(rs = .49,p = 0.022)とそれぞれ有意な正の相関を示し、足底中央(rs = ‐.60,p = 0.003)とは有意な負の相関を示した。</p><p>【考察】</p><p> 健常群に比べ自立歩行群では麻痺側、非麻痺側とも足底中央への荷重圧比が高く、足部長軸方向への移動距離比である%Longが低値で、かつ%Longと歩行速度との相関性が注目された。脳卒中後患者では両側の%Longが健常者の85%程度あれば、自立歩行を許可することが可能と考えられた。</p><p>【倫理的配慮,説明と同意】</p><p> 書面で説明を行い、同意書を得た上で開始した。測定中は理学療法士が傍に着き、事故のないように配慮した(秋田県立リハビリテーション・精神医療センター倫理審査委員会28-5)。</p>
著者
青山 恵子
出版者
東京芸術大学
雑誌
東京芸術大学音楽学部紀要 (ISSN:09148787)
巻号頁・発行日
no.13, pp.p1-38, 1987
被引用文献数
5

Japanese art song, defined as composed vocal mucic dating to the Meiji era that has Japanese lyrics and is based on Western musical principles and singing style, is often criticized because the words are difficult to understand in performance. This difficulty can be traced to such factors as intonation, rhythm, and reverberation, factors that stem from the classical Western singing style. The author conducted experiments, based on her own experience as a singer, in order to ascertain if this difficulty could be ameliorated by incorporating traditional Japanese vocal techniques into the singing style of the Japanese art song. This dissertation presents the results of research conducted so far, including a generalized description of the problems involved, a description of concrete vocal techniques to solve those problems, scientific analyses, and directions for future study. Two principal themes form the basis of the paper: 1) Pracitical research on voice production techniques used in Japanese art songs that are heavily influenced by traditional Japanese folk genres; and 2) comparative acoustical analyses of movement between notes in the melodic lines of Japanese art song and traditional genres. For the first theme, the author compared a purely Western singing style with one modified by the inclusion of traditional folk vocal techniques. Since the author has training in both forms, her own voice served as the test medium. Emphasis was placed on the resonance function, with comparative acoustical and phonetic analyses. This research brought to light the following characteristics of folk-influenced singing technique as compared with purely Western style singing: 1. A melodic line without vibrato is maintained that incorporates such traditional ornaments as "yuri" and "kobushi." 2. Singing formants are closer to the phonemes of spoken Japanese. 3. Singing formants are more clearly distinguishable. 4. The mouth opening is kept relatively small, and the corners of the mouth are often drawn back and up. 5. The tongue and larynx tend to be kept in a high position. This results in a smaller resonance cavity. 6. The soft palate tends to be more relaxed. 7. The false chords are not used during voice production. From these results it can be seen that the resonance function of the folk-influenced singing style differs to some degree from the purely Western style. It is also true, however, that an analysis of singing formants and false chords reveals certain elements the two styles have in common. This seems to indicate that folk vocal techniques can be used successfully to improve the comprehensibility of the sung words without destroying the basic singing style of Japanese art song. The second principal theme involved a comparative analysis of the movement between notes in the melodic lines of Western and traditional singing styles. Ten volunteers from both genres were tested, and the author's own voice was analyzed in both styles using a sound spectrograph. The results showed that in Western music the notes were held precisely the length indicated by the written notation, that vowels received vibrato, and that consonants were uttered as short punctuation between the vowels. In comparison, traditional singing techniques were based on a melodic line free of vibrato but ornamented by minute changes in dynamic level and timbre, particularly during held vowels and when movement was made between notes. The length of the notes was treated relatively freely; as a result, syllables were easily elided and the movement between syllables often did not correspond exactly to the movement between notes, producing an effect of rhythmic variety. The treatment of consonants was also quite diverse and rich. Among the subtle melodic ornaments found in the traditional singing style, a strong/weak accentuation is rare, reflecting the equal syllabic stress of spoken Japanese and contributing to more effective expression. The traditional vocal techniques of Japanese folk genres have an applicability that exceeds the bounds of their origins and can be used effectively to improve the comprehensibility of the sung word in Japanese art song.
著者
三浦 聖史 下堂薗 恵
出版者
一般社団法人 日本内科学会
雑誌
日本内科学会雑誌 (ISSN:00215384)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.108, no.2, pp.283-288, 2019

<p>脳やシナプスは可塑性を有することが明らかになり,そのメカニズムの解明を背景として,脳卒中リハビリテーションには,訓練の量,頻度ならびに課題特異性という3つの要素が重要であるとの知見が蓄積され,推奨されるようになった.脳卒中急性期では,早期離床により廃用症候群を予防するとともに,早期にADL(activities of daily living)を向上させることが重要である.さらに,回復期ではCI療法(constraint-induced movement therapy)や促通反復療法といった療法士の指導や徒手による運動療法を軸として,電気刺激や振動刺激等のさまざまな物理療法や非侵襲的脳刺激法(non-invasive brain stimulation:NIBS),リハビリテーションロボットを併用し,患者の運動意図を正しく実現し,反復することが,患者アウトカムを向上させると考えられる.超高齢社会の我が国における回復期リハビリテーションでは,アウトカム実績とその効率性が求められており,さらに,近い将来における再生医療の実用化に向け,効果的かつ効率的なリハビリテーション治療の発展がますます必要とされるであろう.</p>