著者

本庶 佑

出版者

日本産科婦人科学会

雑誌

日本産科婦人科學會雜誌

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, pp.70-71, 1986

著者

本庶 佑

出版者

日本産科婦人科学会

雑誌

日本産科婦人科學會雜誌

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, no.8, pp.1184-1185, 1986

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It is the function of the immune system to recognize and neutralize numerous antigens invading animals. The more diverse the antigen recognition of the organism, the more efficient is its defense system. There are two types of antigen recognition molecules in the immune system ; the immunoglobulin produced by B cells and the T cell antigen receptor. These molecules have variable (V) regions which recognize antigens and constant (C) regions which mediate physiological functions. The latter provide additional diversity to the immune system. For example, the same heavy chain (H) V regions recognizing influenza hemoagg-lutinin are expressed as the μ, γ, ε, and a chains, each of which constitutes a different class of the immunoglobulin. Since the V and C regions are encoded by separate sets of DNA segments, it is the genetic variability of the V gene that determines the antigen recognition diversity. Recent molecular genetic studies on the immunoglobulin gene and the T cell antigen receptor gene indicate that the V region genes of both molecules produce somatic as well as evolutionary variations. Somatic variations include joining of two or three germ-line segments by site-specific recombinations and somatic base replacements. Evolutionary variations include gene duplication, segment transfer (gene conversion), mutational drifts, and so on. Since genetic events, be it somatic or evolutionary, tend to be random, not only useful but also harmful immunog-lobulins are produced. Therefore, appropriate selection, be it positive or negative, is a prerequisite for the proper function of the genetic diversity of the immune system as the defense mechanism. Combination of genetic veriability and appropriate selection is the basic idea to explain biological diversity since Darwin and Wallace, and was applied to the immune system by Jerne and Burnet as the clonal selection theory which still remains valid in essence. The basic questions to be asked are : (a) How are genetic variants of the immunoglobulin and T cell receptor genes created ? and (b) How are the variants selected ? I have summarized recent knowledge of the origin of genetic variations of the immunoglobulin and T cell antigen receptor,or genes. Then I described my personal view of the selection mechanism which remains a matter of controversy. I have overviewed our recent studies on the lymphokine and its receptor which plays essential roles in antigen-specific proliferation of lymphocyte clones. Particularly, cloning and characterization of cDNAs for the IL-2 receptor and IL-4 (BSF-I) were described. Finally, a genetic strategy to construct chimeric antibodies carrying murine V and human C regions was explained.

著者

古川 貴久 小早川 義尚 田村 公実子 木村 賢一 川市 正史 谷村 禎一 本庶 佑

出版者

日本遺伝学会

雑誌

The Japanese journal of genetics (ISSN:0021504X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.70, no.4, pp.505-524, 1995-08-25

参考文献数

63

被引用文献数

1

著者

本庶 佑

出版者

一般社団法人 日本アレルギー学会

雑誌

アレルギー (ISSN:00214884)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.50, no.9, 2001

著者

村上 雅朗 鍔田 武志 本庶 佑

出版者

一般社団法人 日本アレルギー学会

雑誌

アレルギー (ISSN:00214884)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.42, no.9, 1993

著者

本庶 佑

出版者

一般社団法人 日本アレルギー学会

雑誌

アレルギー (ISSN:00214884)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, no.8, 1988

著者

加藤 桂三 仲野 徹 本庶 佑

雑誌

日本分子生物学会年会プログラム・講演要旨集

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, 1996-08-01

著者

本庶 佑

出版者

一般社団法人 日本アレルギー学会

雑誌

アレルギー (ISSN:00214884)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, no.8, 1982

著者

本庶 佑

出版者

一般社団法人 日本アレルギー学会

雑誌

アレルギー (ISSN:00214884)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, no.2, 1979

著者

本庶 佑

出版者

日本臨床免疫学会

雑誌

日本臨床免疫学会会誌 = Japanese journal of clinical immunology (ISSN:09114300)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, no.1, 2002-02-28

著者

本庶 佑 Okazaki Ilmi Yoshikawa Kiyotsugu Muramatsu Masamichi Kinoshita Kazuo

出版者

一般社団法人 日本アレルギー学会

雑誌

アレルギー (ISSN:00214884)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.2, 2003

著者

本庶 佑

雑誌

日本内分泌学会雑誌 (ISSN:00290661)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.76, no.1, 2000-04-20

著者

本庶 佑

雑誌

日本輸血学会雑誌 (ISSN:05461448)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.45, no.4, pp.476-478, 1999-08-01

参考文献数

5

著者

増田 雄樹 横山 哲也 岡林 識起 石川 晃

雑誌

JpGU-AGU Joint Meeting 2020

巻号頁・発行日

2020-03-13

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Micro-scale isotopic analysis of geologic materials is getting more important in recent geochemistry. Although in-situ isotopic measurements with LA-ICP-MS or SIMS have played a central role in geochemical applications, these techniques are not necessarily suitable for isotopic analysis that requires chemical separation prior to mass spectrometry. In such cases, sampling with micro milling [1] or Laser Ablation in Liquid (LAL) [2] has been applied. However, these sampling techniques could cause cross contamination from the micro-drill material, relatively low recovery yield, and longer sampling time.To overcome these problems, we developed the Laser Ablation with Filter (LAF) method in which sample particles ablated by a fs-laser (IFRIT, Cyber Laser) are carried via the flow of He gas in a Teflon tube and then caught by a membrane filter (pore size: 0.1 µm). The performance of the LAF method was evaluated by using a glass standard (NIST SRM 610), which was ablated by a spiral analysis mode with a fluence of 28 J cm-2, repetition rate of 500 Hz, pulse lengths of 240 fs, wavelength of 260 nm, and raster speed of 100 µm/s. The typical pit size was 20 µm in width and 20 µm deep, which required 1.4 h for sampling an area of 1×1×0.1 mm3. The sample particles retrieved by the filter were dissolved by a mixture of HF and HNO3, then treated with HClO4 to decompose insoluble fluoride precipitates. The sample solution was split into two aliquots; one dedicated for the analysis of trace element abundances with ICP-MS (Xseries 2, Thermo) and the other for isotopic analysis with TIMS (TRITON plus, Thermo) after chemical separation. We found that the recovery yields of trace elements ranged from 80-90%, in which the effect of elemental fluctuation was suppressed owing to the use of the fs-laser [2, 3]. The 87Sr/86Sr of NIST 610 collected by the LAF method was 0.7096787 ± 0.0000016 (2SE), which is consistent with that for NIST 610 (87Sr/86Sr = 0.7096779 ± 0.0000028) separately measured by dissolving a piece of the glass standard. The procedural blank of the LAF method was negligible to perform the trace element and isotopic analyses. The new method can be applied to small minerals and inclusions in terrestrial rocks and meteorites for understanding the carrier phases that cause isotope heterogeneities in mantle rocks and refractory inclusions in carbonaceous chondrites.[1]Myojo, K. et al. (2018) Astrophys. J. 853, 48. [2]Okabayashi, S. et al. (2011) J. Anal. At. Spectrom, 26, 1393-1400. [3]Fernández B. et al. (2007) TrAC. 26, 951–966.

著者

磯野 良介 大坂 綾太

出版者

日本環境毒性学会

雑誌

環境毒性学会誌 (ISSN:13440667)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, no.1, pp.1-9, 2020-07-14 (Released:2020-07-11)

参考文献数

15

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Effluent standards in marine areas need to be evaluated based on toxicity values for multiple marine species. We examined the toxicity test method for the Lysmata vittata, which is considered to be sensitive to chemicals. As the shrimp exhibit hermaphroditism, any two individuals could produce a new generation. Wild adult shrimp were collected in 2016 and 2018. Each group was maintained in a 100 L polycarbonate tank under the natural photoperiod for approximately two years. Natural seawater was supplied to the tank through sand-filtration. Artificial shrimp (F1) were obtained from the wild shrimp (2016 group) and were reared to adults under conditions of 25°C and the natural photoperiod in 2018. The F1 spawned at 92 days after hatching (F2). At intervals of about 10 days, nearly 20 adults of the 2016 group and the F1 spawned 1,000 to 7,000 larvae per day at 21–26°C. The larvae from the 2016 group and F1, within one day after hatching, were exposed to hexavalent chromium for 24 h to evaluate the acute toxicity. The 24h-LC50 for zoea of Lysmata vittata closely ranged from 13 to 16 mg/L (nominal concentration) in both toxicity tests. Since these values were lower than previously reported values, Lysmata vittata was sensitive to hexavalent chromium.

著者

平森 朋子 眞鍋 治彦 久米 克介 有川 智子 武藤 官大 武藤 佑理

出版者

一般社団法人 日本ペインクリニック学会

雑誌

日本ペインクリニック学会誌 (ISSN:13404903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, no.4, pp.479-483, 2013 (Released:2013-11-07)

参考文献数

13

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発作性片側頭痛は,群発頭痛と同様に激しい片側痛とともに自律神経症状を呈するが,インドメタシンが著効することが特徴の,まれな疾患である.今回,群発頭痛からの移行,三叉神経痛との合併例を含む発作性片側頭痛の3 例を経験したので報告する.症例1 は31 歳,男性.突然5~6 回/時の頻度で,右後頭部痛が出現した.発作時に同側の流涙,眼瞼下垂,鼻閉を伴った.発作性片側頭痛を疑いインドメタシンの投与を開始したところ,痛みは消失した.症例2 は63 歳,女性.反復性群発頭痛として発作期のプレドニゾロンと予防薬としての炭酸リチウム,ベラパミルの投与を行っていたが,寛解期が短くなり,発作時にジクロフェナクで痛みが軽減したことから,インドメタシンを定期投与した.その後,発作は消失した.症例3 は77 歳,男性.特発性三叉神経痛としてカルバマゼピンの投与中であった.痛み発作時に同側の流涙,結膜充血,眼瞼下垂を伴うことがあったため,インドメタシンを併用投与した.その後痛みは軽減消失した.頭部・顔面痛は長期的な治療を要することが多いが,その経過中に痛みの性状が変化したり治療に抵抗性を示す場合には,他の疾患の合併を念頭に置く必要がある.

著者

石綿 翔 高木 均 星野 崇 長沼 篤 坂本 直美 小板橋 絵里 相馬 宏光 乾 正幸 工藤 智洋 小川 晃 田原 博貴 金古 美恵子 岡本 宏明

出版者

一般財団法人 日本消化器病学会

雑誌

日本消化器病学会雑誌 (ISSN:04466586)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.109, no.4, pp.624-629, 2012 (Released:2012-04-05)

参考文献数

11

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症例は70歳代女性.全身倦怠感,肝機能障害(ALT 2565IU/l)を主訴に入院.A,B,C型肝炎,EBV,CMV,自己免疫性肝炎は否定.2カ月ほど前から摂取し始めた菊芋によるDLSTで陽性を示し,薬物性肝障害(診断スコア8点)と診断された.その後保存血清でHEV-RNA陽性と判明し,E型肝炎と診断された.DLSTには偽陽性があり薬物性肝障害診断にHEV screeningの導入が必須と考えられた.

著者

岸 泰宏

出版者

アークメディア

雑誌

臨床精神医学 (ISSN:0300032X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.1, pp.37-41, 2017-01

著者

上岡 清乃 北岡 智子 鈴木 恵太

出版者

一般社団法人 アジアヒューマンサービス学会

雑誌

Journal of Inclusive Education (ISSN:21899185)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.5, pp.77-78, 2018 (Released:2018-08-30)

参考文献数

8

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本研究は、英語学習に特異的な弱さを示した高校生2名(A児、B児)を対象として認知特性に応じた効果的な英単語書字指導法を検討した。両名とも全般的知的発達水準は平均から平均の上の領域で、視覚的情報処理の速度と正確性に認知的短所が考えられた一方、A児は視覚情報をもとに推理し思考する力が、B児は聴覚言語系情報処理が認知的長所として考えられた。指導では、英単語の綴りにおける効率的な学習と確実な定着を意図し、PC画面上に提示したスライドを用いて綴りを諳んじる視覚系列化法や語呂合わせを介して綴りを音韻に乗せて覚える言語イメージ法などを行った。その結果、指導開始前に比して指導終了後に書字成績の向上がみられた。また、一定期間後も高い正答率が維持されたことより確実な定着が窺えた。ここから、聴覚優位/視覚優位といった個々の認知特性に応じた英単語の書字指導方法について考察した。

著者

重松,亨

出版者

日本生物工学会

雑誌

生物工学会誌 : seibutsu-kogaku kaishi

巻号頁・発行日

vol.87, no.12, 2009-12-25

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Methane fermentation, consisting of anaerobic degradation of organic matters and subsequent methanogenesis, is one of potentially attractive technologies for treatment of wastewater and biological wastes. Because methane fermentation is a cost-effective energy-yielding process, produces far less excess sludge than aerobic wastewater treatment systems, and a large part of the energy stored within organic matters can be recovered as biogas. However, it also has disadvantages, such as poor treating rate, low digestion efficiency and instability in reactor operation. These disadvantages are caused by the difficulty of monitoring in situ microbial community structure and metabolic functions in bioreactors. Methane fermentation is based on a complex community of microorganisms of wide phylogenetic diversities with different metabolic functions. Moreover, only poor proportion of microorganisms have been isolated and cultivated and analyzed. One possible approach to solve these disadvantages and achieve high rate and high efficient methane fermentation processes with stable reactor operation is, thus, to accumulate knowledge of the microbial communities and to use them as landmarks responsible for specific degradation pathways in methane fermentation. Therefore, we constructed continuous anaerobic methane fermentation processes using completely stirred tank reactors (CSTR) fed by specific substrates, such as acetate, propionate, butyrate, long-chain fatty acids, glycerol, protein (bovine serum albumin) and starch, to achieve the chemostat cultivations of microbial communities related to degradation of these substrates. For each microbial community under steady state conditions, we analyzed the structures and metabolic functions by mainly using molecular biological techniques, such as fluorescent in situ hybridization, 16S rRNA gene clone library analyses, quantitative real-time PCR techniques, quantitative RT-PCR and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. Even feeding the same substrates, the microbial communities were remarkably different by different dilution rates. For acetate-degrading communities, dilution rate effected the change in community structure, as well as shift of pathway between aceticlastic and non-aceticlastic methanogenesis. Additional Ni^<2+> and Co^<2+> in the wastewater fed into the reactors and operation temperature also affected on the community structure, as well as the reactor performance. Based on the fundamental knowledge in the landmarks of microbial communities for specific degradation pathways of organic matters, we subsequently evaluated the relationship between reactor performance and microbial community structures in bioreactors treating actual wastewaters and biological wastes, such as municipal solid wastes, awamori distillery wastewater, livestock manure and surplus sludge of a wastewater treating plant. Our research results would provide a significant milestone for achievement of stable operational methane fermentation process with high rate and efficiency.