著者

梵語仏典研究会

雑誌

綜合仏教研究所年報 = ANNUAL OF THE INSTITUTE FOR COMPREHENSIVE STUDIES OF BUDDHISM TAISHO UNIVERSITY (ISSN:0388645X)

巻号頁・発行日

no.40, pp.(55)-(122), 2018-03-31

著者

サンスクリット語修辞法研究会

雑誌

綜合仏教研究所年報 = ANNUAL OF THE INSTITUTE FOR COMPREHENSIVE STUDIES OF BUDDHISM TAISHO UNIVERSITY (ISSN:0388645X)

巻号頁・発行日

no.35, pp.(98)-(133), 2013-03-31

著者

Soshiro Ogata Kenji Kato Chika Honda Kazuo Hayakawa

出版者

Japan Epidemiological Association

雑誌

Journal of Epidemiology (ISSN:09175040)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, no.1, pp.31-38, 2014-01-05 (Released:2014-01-05)

参考文献数

36

被引用文献数

11 13

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Background: It is important to detect cognitive decline at an early stage, especially before onset of mild cognitive impairment and dementia. Processing speed and working memory are aspects of cognitive function that are associated with cognitive decline. Hand strength is an inexpensive, easily measurable indicator of cognitive decline. However, associations between hand strength, processing speed, and working memory have not been studied. In addition, the genetic and environmental structure of the association between hand strength and cognitive decline is unclear. We investigated phenotypic associations between hand strength, processing speed, and working memory and examined the genetic and environmental structure of the associations between phenotypes.Methods: Hand strength, processing speed (digit symbol performance), and working memory (digit span performance) were examined in monozygotic and dizygotic twin pairs. Generalized estimating equations were used to identify phenotypic associations, and structural equation modeling was used to investigate the genetic and environmental structure of the association.Results: Generalized estimating equations showed that hand strength was phenotypically associated with digit symbol performance but not with digit span performance. Structural equation modeling showed that common genetic factors influenced hand strength and digit symbol and digit span performance.Conclusions: There was a phenotypic association between hand strength and processing speed. In addition, some genetic factors were common to hand strength, processing speed, and working memory.

著者

小塚 晃弘

出版者

愛知学院大学

雑誌

愛知学院大学文学部紀要 (ISSN:02858940)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.35, 2005

著者

藤本 征司

出版者

北海道大学農学部演習林

雑誌

北海道大學農學部 演習林研究報告 (ISSN:03676129)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.35, no.1, pp.1-28, 1978-02

著者

今田 敬一 武藤 憲由 滝川 貞夫

出版者

北海道大学農学部演習林

雑誌

北海道大學農學部 演習林研究報告 (ISSN:03676129)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.21, no.2, pp.283-300, 1962-09

著者

佐藤 義夫 宮越 酒造雄 武藤 憲由

出版者

北海道大學農學部演習林

雑誌

北海道大學農學部 演習林研究報告 (ISSN:03676129)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, no.1, pp.63-80, 1951-09

著者

田和 康太 佐川 志朗 宮西 萌 細谷 和海

出版者

日本鳥学会

雑誌

日本鳥学会誌 (ISSN:0913400X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.68, no.2, pp.193-208, 2019-10-25 (Released:2019-11-13)

参考文献数

51

被引用文献数

1

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兵庫県豊岡市円山川水系の鎌谷川において,河川域から水田域までの連続性確保および上流の水田ビオトープにおける魚道設置と深場造成が水田魚類群集に与える効果を検証した.その結果,ドジョウMisgurnus anguillicaudatusやフナ属Carassius spp.が下流域から水田ビオトープへ遡上した.また,改修前には採集されなかったフナ属とタモロコGnathopogon elongatus elongatusが水田ビオトープ内で繁殖している可能性が高かった.さらにフナ属やタモロコ,ドジョウ,キタノメダカOryzias sakaizumiiは改修後の水田ビオトープを秋冬期の生息場所として利用していた.改修後の水田ビオトープにはコウノトリCiconia boycianaが周年飛来しており,水田ビオトープ内人工巣塔での初営巣,それら営巣つがいおよび幼鳥の水田ビオトープにおける採餌利用も観察された.以上より,健全な水域の連続性確保による水田魚類群集の保全がそれらを餌とするコウノトリの生息や繁殖に大きく寄与することが示唆された.

著者

原 直史

出版者

新潟大学現代社会文化研究科 新潟大学人文学部プロジェクト「佐渡・越後の文化交流史研究」

雑誌

佐渡・越後文化交流史研究 = 佐渡・越後文化交流史研究 (ISSN:13480073)

巻号頁・発行日

no.19, pp.26-71, 2019-03

著者

ファブリーチニコフ アンドレイ

出版者

ロシア極東研

雑誌

ボストーク : NPO法人ロシア極東研機関誌

巻号頁・発行日

no.23, pp.2-9, 2015-10

著者

横尾 義貫 井上 芳生

出版者

地盤工学会

雑誌

土と基礎 (ISSN:00413798)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, no.2, pp.p101-104, 1986-02

著者

長岡 弘明

出版者

土質工学会

雑誌

土と基礎

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, no.5, 2007

著者

文部省[総務局 編]

出版者

富山房

巻号頁・発行日

vol.壹, 1904

著者

橋野 晶寛

出版者

日本教育行政学会

雑誌

日本教育行政学会年報 (ISSN:09198393)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.42, pp.69-85, 2016 (Released:2019-03-20)

参考文献数

24

被引用文献数

1

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This paper examines the relationship between the empirical policy research and the education finance and education policy process, and clarifies the agenda of future research.“Evidence based policy” has been advocated in the context of today's political decision making everywhere. The area of education policy is no exemption. At the end of 2015, The Council on Economic and Finance Policy announced the “Action Program for Economic and Fiscal Revitalization” that emphasized the necessities of visualization of the financial input and policy output, concretization of “key performance indicators”, and research between inputs and outputs.High quality data and empirical research are the necessary conditions of evidence based policy but not sufficient conditions. We can learn lessons from the past experience of the US education policy process. The politicization of policy research and evidence has been frequently observed in the context of the plural democracy of the US. We can find some reasons for the politicization of the empirical policy research. First, the evidence on education policy and finance is fragile, the policy effects are subtle, and this indecisiveness urges the political actors to take advantage of the evidence. Second, the methodology of quantitative analysis is much easier than in the past because of the lower cost of computers and easy-touse statistical packages. In spite of the greater technical sophistication, the risk and danger of misuse of the statistical techniques has become more pervasive. Third, as the outstanding nature of the field of education, the discrepancy of the knowledge between the policy researchers and the practitioners has been a serious problem.The methodology of the policy evaluation, especially the analysis of treatment effects on the program evaluation, is too sophisticated for outsiders today to understand. However, this does not mean that the arguments about it are merely technical, or not the concern of persons on the street and practitioners because they has important policy implications. At least, the significant issues we seriously have to consider are the objects for evaluation―program or organization, which do we intend to evaluate?―, the difference between the (quasi-) experimental methods and the theory based “structural” methods, the relationship between internal validity and external validity, the consideration of noncognitive skills as the policy outputs.Based on the above, for sound“ informed democracy” and controlling the politicization of the empirical policy research, we need to consider both the object-level issues regarding the implications of methodology and meta-level issues regarding evidence based education policy process.

著者

橋野 晶寛

出版者

日本教育社会学会

雑誌

教育社会学研究 (ISSN:03873145)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.84, pp.185-205, 2009-05-31 (Released:2018-05-01)

参考文献数

29

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Despite the recent vigorous debate concerning the necessity for further increases in educational expenditure, the basic questions “Is Japanʼs spending on education really low?” and “Does money matter?” have never been examined analytically in Japan. The main purpose of this paper is to carry out a quantitative analysis of the effect and efficiency of educational expenditure in Japan and other developed countries. The paper consists of two parts. Firstly, using OECD expenditure data, I examine the conventional indices concerning educational expenditure and compare Japan and other developed countries using an alternative index. Secondly, I evaluate the effect of expenditures on secondary education and the inefficiencies of OECD countries by employing a stochastic frontier model. The following are the main results of the analyses.As to the comparison, there are some problems with the conventional macro indices such as educational expenditure per student, the educational expenditure-GDP ratio and the educational public expenditure-general public expenditure ratio. I employ the alternative index of Ram (1995) using the residuals of simple linear regression and compare the level of educational expenditures in OECD countries. In terms of primary and secondary education, the level of educational expenditure in Japan is close to the average of developed countries, and is therefore not much inferior to that of other developed countries, contrary to the recent claims concerning public education.The productivity of educational expenditure is evaluated in the light of two points: mean level and equity. The output indices of mean level and equity are estimated by the fixed-coefficient regression of the PISA data. The main analyses are conducted using a Bayesian semi-parametric stochastic frontier model which assumes no particular functional form concerning the effect of expenditures and the particular distribution concerning the inefficiencies. In terms of the mean level, an increase in educational expenditures has some positive effect. However, the production function is concave, and therefore there is a tendency for the effect of additional units of expenditure to diminish. The effect of educational expenditure on equity is neither monotonous nor strong. The estimated inefficiencies of each country tell us that there is a considerable gap between best practices and educational practices in many countries, and that the Japanese educational system is relatively efficient in mean level output and inefficient in equity output. These results imply that increasing educational expenditure requires further careful examination and discussion.

著者

茂木 虎雄 モテギ トラオ Torao Motegi

雑誌

立教經濟學研究

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.1, pp.43-84, 1985-07

著者

中谷 猛

出版者

立命館大学法学会

雑誌

立命館法學 (ISSN:04831330)

巻号頁・発行日

no.256, pp.1625-1662, 1997

著者

菊池,一隆

出版者

中国現代史研究会

雑誌

現代中國研究

巻号頁・発行日

no.33, 2013-10-30

著者

安酸 敏眞

出版者

北海学園大学人文学会

雑誌

北海学園大学人文論集 (ISSN:09199608)

巻号頁・発行日

no.50, pp.23-59, 2011-11

著者

武田 俊輔

出版者

ソシオロゴス編集委員会

雑誌

ソシオロゴス (ISSN:02853531)

巻号頁・発行日

no.26, pp.36-56, 2002