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In 1930, revenues of the South Manchuria Railway Company sharply decreased, as a direct result of the World Economic Crisis. In Japan, however, many people attributed it to the "drive out SMR policy" of the Zhang Xue-liang government in collusion with the Nanjing government. And cries of crisis of Manchuria and Mongolia were heard. According to their claim, the Zhang Xue-liang government infringed on Japanese special interests, drafted plans of railway construction encircling SMR and step by step realized these plans ; these railways snatched freight from SMR. They counted the Northeast China Communication Committee as the prime mover of those plans. Then, what was the real situation of the committee? In the Northeast, construction of Chinese railways had been advancing since the beginning of the 1920's. Warlords in each province, launching into soybean transactions, laid the railways but there was little liaison among them. In 1924, in order to unify them and stand against the South Manchuria Railway and the Chinese Eastern Railway, the Communication Committee was organized. Nevertheless warlords who disliked having their vested rights violated ignored the Committee. In 1929, Zhang Xue-liang gave orders to reorganize the Committee after taking control of the Northeast government. Though Zhang and the Committee aimed at railway unification more earnestly, the management of each railway was still left in warlords' hands. Zhang even acquired their consent when he assassinated his political rivals. Not only that, the Committee had to deal with the offensive - demand for administrative rights over the Committee - of Nanjing government that intended to substantiate nominal domination of the Northeast. Under these circumstances, several measures of the Committee to improve railway business, those regarded as a "drive out SMR policy" in Japan, ended in total failure. Chinese railways met the World Panic while they were under poor management and suffered more serious damage than SMR. Economic integration in the Northeast was prerequisite to railway unification by the Committee. Ironically the World Economic Crisis gave the Zhang government a chance to set up a purchasing-transporting office for soybeans. The Zhang government was about to take initial steps in integration depending upon that office, when the Japanese Army picked off its possibilities.

2015-03-10 21:18:43
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https://ci.nii.ac.jp/naid/110002367615

1 0 0 0 IR 書評 Global Villageの新しい意味を問うデービッド・ミッチェル著「代作者(ゴーストライター)の手になる書」セプター出版社、1999年 David Michell, Ghost written, London: Sceptre, 1999

著者: 沼野治郎
出版者: 広島国際学院大学現代社会学部
雑誌: 現代社会学 (ISSN:13453289)
巻号頁・発行日: no.3, pp.141-143, 2002

2015-03-10 21:15:05
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https://ci.nii.ac.jp/naid/120005403630

1 0 0 0 IR わが国の高齢者介護におけるアカウンタビリティ : 非営利法人のアカウンタビリティを中心として (特集非営利組織のアカウンタビリティとガバナンス)

著者: 吉田初恵
出版者: 京都大学経済学会
雑誌: 経済論叢 (ISSN:00130273)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.186, no.1, pp.35-41, 2012-10

2015-03-10 21:09:10
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1 0 0 0 OA 承安儀式

巻号頁・発行日: vol.[2], 1000

2015-03-10 20:44:29
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1 0 0 0 The Heifetz collection

出版者: Manufactured and distributed by BMG Music
巻号頁・発行日: 1994

2015-03-10 20:40:00
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https://ci.nii.ac.jp/ncid/BA25069102

1 0 0 0 OA 強制公理とΩ-論理

著者: 依岡輝幸
出版者: 科学基礎論学会
雑誌: 科学基礎論研究 (ISSN:00227668)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.36, no.2, pp.45-52, 2009-03-31

It is well known that the Continuum Hypothesis is independent from the axioms of set theory by the results of Kurt Godel and Paul Cohen. However, there are some set theorists who do not consider that this independency of the hypothesis is the ultimate answer of the continuum problem and who think the validity of the hypothesis should be determined. Recently, several ideas have been proposed to decide the hypothesis. In this paper, we introduce two ideas to determine the truth of the Continuum Hypothesis, which are related to the concept of forcing absoluteness. One is the concepet of forcing axioms, and the other is Ω-logic.