著者

今村 一博

出版者

外国語教育メディア学会(LET)

雑誌

外国語教育メディア学会機関誌 (ISSN:21857792)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.48, pp.185-214, 2011

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Certain researchers in Japan and abroad argue the ability to quickly recognize words and phrases is necessary for fluent reading. They recommend increasing the frequency of encounters with words and phrases through extensive reading (ER) in order to expedite their recognition. Some previous studies demonstrated that frequently processing words and phrases increased their recognition speed. However, the question of whether ER increases the recognition speed of words and phrases has not yet been addressed. Therefore, the present study aims to investigate whether ER for Japanese EFL learners increases the recognition speed of words, collocations, formulaic sequences, and antonyms. The participants chose and read English graded readers outside the class freely for approximately four months and attempted the lexical, collocational, phrasal, and antonym decision tasks before and after the reading. The results revealed that ER of about 30,000 words significantly increased the recognition speed of words and collocations, but not that of formulaic sequences and antonyms. This implies that processing a high number of words and collocations through ER increases their recognition speed. Furthermore, our results suggest that ER does not particularly expedite the assimilation of formulaic sequences and antonyms, which should be learned mainly through explicit instruction and intentional learning.

著者

千賀四郎編集

出版者

東芝音楽工業(レコード製作)

巻号頁・発行日

1969

著者

長南 史男

出版者

農村計画学会

雑誌

農村計画学会誌 (ISSN:09129731)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, no.4, pp.332-338, 2001-03

著者

西川 知亨

出版者

金城学院大学

雑誌

金城学院大学論集. 社会科学編 (ISSN:04538862)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.4, pp.54-69, 2008

著者

浜矩子著

出版者

文藝春秋

巻号頁・発行日

2012

著者

杉浦 ミドリ 松本 昭子 渡辺 一功 根来 民子 高江洲 悦子 岩瀬 勝彦

出版者

一般社団法人 日本小児神経学会

雑誌

脳と発達 (ISSN:00290831)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, no.3, pp.226-230, 1985 (Released:2011-09-13)

参考文献数

12

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歳以降の予後の明らかとなった1歳未満発症の熱性けいれん33例と無熱性けいれん133例を以下の4群に分類して, 成因, 臨床像, 発作像, 脳波, 長期予後について比較検討を行った.A群, 38℃ 以上の有熱時のみのけいれん, B群, 有熱けいれんで初発したが経過中無熱けいれんに移行したもの, C群, 無熱けいれんのうち, 3歳未満で発作消失し精神運動発達正常のもの, D群, 無熱けいれんのうちC群を除いたもの.熱性けいれんの48.5%で無熱けいれんが発症した.A, D群はそれぞれ特異的な特徴を示し, B群は両群の中間的な特徴を示した.C群はA群とは明らかに異なり, D群の予後良好なものと同一の範疇に位置づけられるであろうと考えられた.

著者

岡澤 保

出版者

奈良歴史研究会

雑誌

奈良歴史研究 (ISSN:13442325)

巻号頁・発行日

no.82, pp.1-11, 2014-08

著者

堀田 亮年

出版者

日本混相流学会

雑誌

混相流 (ISSN:09142843)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, no.4, pp.390-397, 2010-12-15 (Released:2011-02-09)

参考文献数

6

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As an engineer who has devoted himself in the nuclear industry for almost three decades, the author gave a personal view on educating two-phase flow and developing human resources. An expected role of universities in on-going discussions of collaboration among industry-government-academia is introduced. Reformation of two-phase flow education is discussed from two extreme viewpoints, the basic structure of physics and the practical system analysis.

著者

鈴木 崇文 阪口 泰子 藤本 昌一 山田 久 田中 敦司

出版者

社団法人情報科学技術協会

雑誌

情報の科学と技術 (ISSN:09133801)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.59, no.8, pp.403-410, 2009-08-01

被引用文献数

1

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公共図書館における障害者サービスは,少しずつではあるが進んできている。ただ,自治体によってそのサービスの方法や広まりには差がある。名古屋市図書館では,比較的早い時期からこれらのサービスを開始している。その例として,対面読書と郵送貸出を取り上げる。また,試みたもののあまり成果の上がらなかった方策も例示する。これらを通して,公共図書館での障害者サービスの実状を紹介する。ここで,障害者サービスという言葉については,「図書館利用に障害のある人びとへのサービス」ととらえていることをお断りしておきたい。

著者

高木 聡一郎

雑誌

情報処理

巻号頁・発行日

vol.54, no.12, pp.1238-1243, 2013-11-15

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日本では「電子行政オープンデータ戦略」の制定から1年余りが過ぎ,政府・自治体,また民間でもオープンデータへの取り組みが見られるようになった.海外諸国には,日本より数年先行して様々な取り組みを行っている国々がある.こうした国々では,高い理想を掲げる一方,利活用を推進するにあたって様々な課題にも直面し,それらの課題を克服するための方策を模索している.本稿では,海外諸国での経験を紹介するとともに,今後日本でも課題になると考えられる点についての示唆を導出する.

著者

工藤 卓哉

出版者

一般社団法人情報処理学会

雑誌

情報処理 (ISSN:04478053)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.54, no.12, pp.1217-1220, 2013-11-15

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【背景と目的】公共データのオープン化が進んでいる.しかしながら,その定義は提供サイドによりばらつきがあり,利用側も真の利用価値を見出していないケースが多い.しかし,データの利用においては,利便性だけではなく,信憑性や品質,鮮度等の複合的な評価項目が満たされなければ,利用者側で価値を訴求することは難しい.本寄稿の目的は,提供サイドである行政機関やオープンデータ提供事業者が意識すべき事項と,利用者となる企業側においても,最低限求められる素養が存在することを明らかにし,双方に求められる視点をバランスよく紹介することで,真の意味でのデータ利活用を促進することにある.

著者

高木 聡一郎

出版者

一般社団法人情報処理学会

雑誌

情報処理 (ISSN:04478053)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.54, no.12, pp.1238-1243, 2013-11-15

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日本では「電子行政オープンデータ戦略」の制定から1年余りが過ぎ,政府・自治体,また民間でもオープンデータへの取り組みが見られるようになった.海外諸国には,日本より数年先行して様々な取り組みを行っている国々がある.こうした国々では,高い理想を掲げる一方,利活用を推進するにあたって様々な課題にも直面し,それらの課題を克服するための方策を模索している.本稿では,海外諸国での経験を紹介するとともに,今後日本でも課題になると考えられる点についての示唆を導出する.

著者

久保田 貴久

出版者

東京大学大学院新領域創成科学研究科環境学研究系自然環境学専攻

巻号頁・発行日

2010-03-24

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報告番号: ; 学位授与年月日: 2010-03-24 ; 学位の種別: 修士 ; 学位の種類: 修士(環境学) ; 学位記番号: 修創域第3401号 ; 研究科・専攻: 新領域創成科学研究科自然環境学専攻

著者

金 ハンヨウル 前川 聡 苗村 健

出版者

一般社団法人電子情報通信学会

雑誌

電子情報通信学会技術研究報告. IE, 画像工学 (ISSN:09135685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.111, no.478, pp.151-156, 2012-03-05

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本稿ではミュージアムにおいて展示物に情報を重畳提示する複合現実感展示システムMRsionCaseの改良について報告する.これまでにハーフミラーを用いたシンプルな光学系を実装してきたが,ハーフミラーは虚像による提示になるため,結像の位置制御に限界があった.その制約を解消し,より自由な情報重畳の実現するためには実像で結像された空中像からの情報提示が必要となる.そのため,本稿では凹面鏡と実像鏡を用いたシステムを提案し,複合現実感展示システムとしての有効性を実証する.

著者

藤森 信吉

出版者

北海道大学スラブ研究センター

雑誌

スラヴ研究 (ISSN:05626579)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, pp.301-325, 2000

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Ukraine draws attention from the international community because it is positioned between NATO and Russia. In 1999, the Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland were allowed to join NATO. Ukraine welcomed this accession as it would "strengthen security and stability in the European Continent." It seems that Ukraine has consistently moved closer to West European organizations and Ukraine took advantage of this opportunity to significantly improve its relationship with the West. However, the fact is not as simple as described above. Ukraine once proposed its original security plan and denounced NATO's PfP. Furthermore, Ukraine's economy relies heavily on the Russian market and energy supplies. When Ukraine's economy fails, there will be real danger that Ukraine involuntarily drifts eastward. In this paper, attention will be given to Ukraine's unique security policy regarding NATO-Russian relations. In the first chapter, economic problem under which Ukraine has existed will be discussed. In the second chapter, attention will be given to Ukraine's bridge diplomacy. Taking into account Ukraine's economic constraint and neutral policy, the last chapter will discuss Ukraine's policy towards NATO's expansion. 1. Economic factor plays an important role in Ukraine's security policy since its economy depends on Russia. After Russia launched its price liberalization in January 1992, Ukraine chose to leave the Ruble zone in order to establish its own national economic policy. This policy, called the "New economic plan" ended in failure and brought about hyperinflation, decline of GDP and huge energy debts. Kiev realized that Ukraine could not run its economy without Russia's cheap energy and market. A year later, Ukraine switched its orientation to Russia, but claimed that this integration was limited to the economic area. This economic integration with Russia, or the CIS Economic Union, generated great disputes among the citizens. In the presidential election in 1994, Ukrainian opinion was divided into two: Eastern Ukraine voted for former prime minister and pro-Economic integrationist Kuchma, Western Ukraine voted for then President Kravchuk who acted as a guarantor of Ukrainian statehood. Kuchma won, but after the elections, he launched an economic reform with the IMF and did not choose the integration line with Russia. The reason is straightforward. The IMF provided credit to cover the energy debts. After this decision was made, Ukraine's interest for the CIS Economic Union diminished. Ukraine realized that Russia had no intention of selling its energy at a cheap price. As IMF gives credit, Ukraine's interest in Russia is only to secure market for its products. Even with the economic reform launch in 1994, Ukraine's economy still records minus growth and its dependency on Russia has not been resolved. 2. As in the case of Euro-neutrals, their positive image in international arena comes not from their economic or military power, but from their neutral diplomacy, that is, bridge-diplomacy. Ukraine also tries to carry out this diplomacy. In 1993, Ukraine proposed to create a collective security zone for Central and Eastern Europe. This proposal aimed to create a bridge between Western Europe and Russia that would develop a broad transatlantic security system covering the entire CSCE (now OSCE) region. This proposal has found little support in Central and Eastern states as well as U.S. and Russia because it seemed like an anti-Russian alliance. Furthermore, it could be said that unstable Ukraine lacked its positive international image. This proposal was finally eroded by the PfP, since the PfP aimed to create a bridge between NATO and non-NATO countries. In 1996, Ukraine had the opportunity to propose a nuclear-weapon-free-zone in Central and Eastern Europe which also aimed for a bridge between NATO and Russia. Ukraine connected this proposal with the fact that Ukraine has carried out her commitments to transfer nuclear warheads. However, it appears that Ukraine did not have an intention to institutionalize this proposal. Generally, negative security assurance from nuclear powers is one of the necessary factors to materialize the nuclear-weapon-free-zone. However, there was no security assurance discussion in this proposal. As a matter of fact, this proposal aimed to find a common language with Russia who strongly opposed to deploy nuclear weapons on the territory of new NATO member states rather than creating a bridge between NATO and Russia. 3. Ukraine has shifted its view of NATO and its security policy. Eastern European countries which wanted to join NATO regarded PfP as the first step to NATO membership. Ukraine also did not oppose NATO's expansion, but claimed this process must be evolutionary, and it was necessary to harmonize with neighboring countries such as Russia and Ukraine. From Ukraine's viewpoint, Ukraine would develop her security through the PfP framework. At this point, Ukraine advocated building pan-European security institutions, especially the OSCE, the main pillar of the new European security architecture. This was similar to the Russian vision. Ukraine saw that NATO would be a promotive but secondary factor for this institution. However, soon Ukraine realized that NATO would expand in the near future. Ukraine changed its view of NATO from a passive to a positive one. Russian Duma and politicians have on several occasions called into question Ukraine's sovereignty over Sevastopol. Furthermore, some Russian government officials implied using economic pressure to boost its integration policy within the CIS. In these circumstances, Ukraine must place NATO as the center of its security policy. Ukraine noticed that NATO was changing from a defense organization to a political-military institute, as well as the guardian of democracy and human rights. This could be the reason why NATO would not harm any other states. Furthermore, idealism regarding the OSCE was replaced by a realistic approach to NATO. At this moment, it was vital for Ukraine to conclude a special relationship with NATO. NATO-Russian document seemed likely to be signed, so if Ukraine could not conclude a document with NATO, Ukraine's future would be determined by this NATO-Russian document. In the negotiation process, Ukraine strongly asked NATO to give security assurance or "associate status." Finally, in the document called "NATO-Ukraine Charter," NATO gave vague security assurance to Ukraine. NATO knows that Russia is strongly against the former Soviet Republics joining NATO. NATO had given Ukraine this document to "keep Ukraine quiet" regarding this problem. This Ukrainian government's pro-NATO orientation could not be explained by domestic factors, such as parliament and regional opinions. 4. Conclusion. Since independence, Ukraine has been caught and limited by economic dependence on Russia. Nevertheless, Ukraine pursued its intention of playing an intermediary role in European security issues. In the Kosovo crisis, Ukraine again showed its intention to intermediate between NATO and Serbia, but this initiative had found little support by both sides and as a result, ended in failure. Under the current international environment, there is little room for Ukraine to implement its bridge-diplomacy. Concerning the above mentioned objective and subjective factors, Ukraine gradually shifted its policy toward NATO. However, NATO's expansion continued regardless Ukraine's concerns. Ukraine demanded more security assurances from NATO, but its proposals were rejected. Every Ukrainian leader has to consider this situation. Ukraine's economic slump continues and Russia does not provide energy by cheap price. On the other hand, keeping a distance from NATO and pursuing its neutral policy have little prospect in the short and medium term. If the above-mentioned international condition continues, then there is no alternative for Ukraine but to maintain the current policy, IMF-oriented, pro-NATO but neutral status.

著者

Hisashi Kada Hiromasa Hojyo Isao T. Tokuda

出版者

一般社団法人 電子情報通信学会

雑誌

Nonlinear Theory and Its Applications, IEICE (ISSN:21854106)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.5, no.4, pp.466-475, 2014 (Released:2014-10-01)

参考文献数

24

被引用文献数

3

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Because of an increasing demand on electric power and limited resources for conventional fuels, highly efficient engine that is capable of converting energy resource to electric power with a small loss is awaited. In this respect, Stirling engine provides a strong potential because of its efficient thermodynamic cycle, which is ideally close to the theoretical limit of the Carnot cycle. Practical use of the Stirling engine, however, has been limited because of its low output power. Towards its wider applicability, simultaneous operation of many individual Stirling engines is indispensable to increase the output power. This paper presents an experimental study of synchronized dynamics of two coupled Stirling engines. It is shown that the synchronized operation of the population of engines provides a key technology to extend the system size so as to produce a large-scale electric energy.

著者

久保田米僊 画

出版者

田中治兵衛

巻号頁・発行日

vol.(第1編), 1890

著者

糸井正信 著

出版者

赤木勘三郎

巻号頁・発行日

1917

著者

中野 珠実

出版者

日本生理心理学会

雑誌

生理心理学と精神生理学 (ISSN:02892405)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.1303si, (Released:2013-11-25)

参考文献数

18

被引用文献数

4

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デフォルト・モード・ネットワークは,外的な処理を行っているときは活動が低下し,内的な処理を行っているときに活動増加を示す神経ネットワークである.筆者らは,映像観察時の瞬きに関連して,脳の中では,デフォルト・モード・ネットワークが一過性に賦活する一方,注意の神経ネットワークの活動が一過性に抑制されることを発見した.行動研究により,映像情報の暗黙の切れ目で,人々が一斉に瞬きをしていたことから,瞬きは連続した視覚情報の分節化と関係していることが推測される.このことから,外的に注意を向けている状態でも,瞬目に伴い,拮抗する神経ネットワークの状態を一過性に変動させることで,注意を内的に解除し,情報の分節化が行われていることが示唆される.この発見により,デフォルト・モード・ネットワークは,内的処理を担っているだけでなく,他の神経ネットワークと相互作用することで,積極的な認知処理機能を担っている可能性が考えられる.

著者

北岡 元

出版者

K&Kプレス

雑誌

月刊日本

巻号頁・発行日

vol.5, no.12, pp.34-56, 2001-12