著者
中田 正夫 前田 保夫 長岡 信治 横山 祐典 奥野 淳一 松本 英二 松島 義章 佐藤 裕司 松田 功 三瓶 良和
出版者
Japan Association for Quaternary Research
雑誌
第四紀研究 (ISSN:04182642)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.33, no.5, pp.361-368, 1994-12-31 (Released:2009-08-21)
参考文献数
12
被引用文献数
13 14

西九州には縄文早期の鷹島遺跡や数多くの縄文前期から中期の水中遺跡が存在する. これらの遺跡が水没したおもな原因は, 最終氷期の大陸氷床の融解に伴うハイドロアイソスタシーに帰すことができる. 本論文では, このことを定量的に示した. この研究をさらに進めることは, 両極の氷床モデルや地殻とマントルのレオロジーを推定するのに非常に有益である.
著者
富田 さわ子 武部 真子 田波 真弓 柴田 育子 堀越 香織 芳鐘 文子
出版者
国公私立大学図書館協力委員会
雑誌
大学図書館研究 (ISSN:03860507)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.117, pp.2105, 2021-03-31 (Released:2021-03-25)

一橋大学附属図書館では,令和元(2019)年10月12日(土),東日本を中心に甚大な被害をもたらした台風19号の影響により,書庫内に大規模な浸水被害が発生した。施設や書架,蔵書等に受けた被害,復旧作業の経過及び今後に向けた取り組みについて,約1年が経過した時点での状況を報告する。
著者
中島 美紀
出版者
昭和大学薬学雑誌編集委員会
雑誌
昭和大学薬学雑誌 (ISSN:18847854)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.4, no.2, pp.129-141, 2013-12

タバコの主成分であるニコチンには依存性があり、喫煙者は体内のニコチン濃度を一定に保とうとして喫煙する。体内に摂取されたニコチンがそのまま尿中に排泄されるのは10%程度であり、ニコチンの体内からの消失には肝臓における代謝が大きく寄与している。主な代謝経路はCYP2A6によるコチニンとそれに続くトランス-3'-水酸化コチニンへの酸化反応である。また、ニコチンとコチニンは主にUGT2B10によりN-グルクロニドへ、トランス-3'-水酸化コチニンは主にUGT2B17によりO-グルクロニドへ代謝される。ニコチンの代謝能には大きな個人差や人種差が認められ、CYP2A6、UGT2B10やUGT2B17の遺伝子多型に起因するところが大きい。特に、酵素活性を低下または欠失させるCYP2A6遺伝子変異型を有するヒトでは、ニコチンの消失半減期が延長し、代謝プロファイルも大きく変化する。CYP2A6遺伝子変異は喫煙習癖性や発がん感受性に影響を与えることも示されている。日本人は欧米人や韓国人に比べてニコチン代謝能が低く、その要因としてCYP2A6欠損型および変異型の遺伝子頻度が高いことが大きいが、食事や環境など非遺伝的要因も関わっている。CYP2A6の発現はエストロゲン受容体、酸化ストレス応答転写因子NF-E2 related factor 2、プレグナンX受容体などの転写因子によって調節されており、その転写活性化機構もニコチン代謝能の個人差や性差の原因となっている。禁煙補助剤としてニコチンガムやニコチンパッチを使用する際、ニコチン代謝能が低いヒトではニコチンの血中濃度が高くなり、有害作用が現れる可能性があり、注意が必要である。(著者抄録)
著者
辻 和希
出版者
公益財団法人 日本学術協力財団
雑誌
学術の動向 (ISSN:13423363)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.16, no.4, pp.4_72-4_74, 2011-04-01 (Released:2011-08-18)
参考文献数
5
著者
田中 美知太郎
出版者
日本西洋古典学会
雑誌
西洋古典學研究 (ISSN:04479114)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.10, pp.1-19, 1962-03-31

The idea of ελευθερια as conceived by the ancient Greeks was primarily political As against external forces, it meant independence from any foreign rule, something to be defended at any cost in face of the terror of foreign encroachment and in the state itself, it meant not to be under the rule of a tyrant, something to be long commemorated when successfully achieved As they recognized such a state of being as established among themselves, and as they observed furthermore the fact that all the other peoples (βαρβαροι) were invariably under absolute despotism, they came to be strongly convinced that freedom was just the word for the Greeks only As a result, it did not strike the Greeks as being strange to treat the 'barbarians' as δουλοι, though theoretically they were not absolutely without doubt regarding the master-slave relation among themselves To them the situation appeared as natural as the racial difference between the two And, though what we call the idea of equality (ισηγορια, ισονομια) had been early cultivated among the Greeks, it was destined to be kept within that boundary, never crossing over the barrier between the Greeks and the barbarians It has been criticized that the Greek concept of ελευθερια was narrow and limited, not only from the view-point above stated, but also on the ground that the ελευθρια known to them was political only, and never had anything to do with individual and personal liberty However, could one be justified to acknowledge such a statement ? In Book VIII of the Republic Plato states that the supreme good sought for m democracy is the liberty, which is explained as 'the state of being able to do whatever one desires to do' (εξουσια ποιειν οτι τιζ βουλεται) And we find a similar concept of liberty employed by Aristotle, Politics V 1-2, in his definition of demociacy We might possibly say that m ancient Greece, at least in those democratic states, personal liberty was not unknown either Not only do we read this m those philosophical works just mentioned, but also in the historical writings of Thucydides E g to the mind of those men on the Scilian expedition, their mother country now far away was, first of all, a country of greatest ελευθερια, where every man was free to enjoy his daily life subject to no control (πατριδοζ τηζ ελευτερωτατηζ και τηζ εν αυτη ανεπιτακτου4 πασιν ειζ την διαιταν εξουσιαζ) And the Epitaphian Oration of Pericles might well be regarded as a decisive vote (ο κολοφων) for one in the position of defending the ελευθερια of the Greeks, for Pericles is here found ensuring personal liberty in everyday life as well as political freedom Such personal liberty, however, as is supposed to have been realized in a state such as Athens, was something which could only be secured and defended provided that the independence of the state and the political freedom were ensured, something too delicate to stand by itself And this is the very reason why Pericles had in addition to lay great emphasis on the necessity of observing the law written or unwritten as an essential condition in order that they might keep their mutual relationship untouched with any infringing on the interests of the others Maintenance of the balance, however, between the ordinance of law and personal liberty was left to the good sense of individuals, the harmony between the two being optimistically just expected, and, apart from this, there was hardly to be found any positive principle sufficient to guarantee that harmony Nor was this all, the increasing tendency towards making slight of the laws, which found its theorization in the so-called νομοζφυσιζ controversy, exposed this balance to the danger of being overthrown Such was the radical form of personal liberty which Plato perceived in the decadence of democracy, where law was utterly disregarded, σωφροσυνη lost and every επιθυμια liberated, resulting in anarchy, which in its turn was to give birth to tyranny We find the Gorgias introducing the claim that such personal liberty was realized in the person of Macedonian despots This, we should say, means to deny the traditional idea of freedom of the Greeks and to find the utmost of ελευθερια in barbarian despots, the exact opposite of the former When we think of the Greek history succeeding the period in question, we might well call it an ironical paradox
著者
Yoshitaka Masutani
出版者
Japanese Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
雑誌
Magnetic Resonance in Medical Sciences (ISSN:13473182)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.rev.2021-0005, (Released:2021-05-21)
参考文献数
92
被引用文献数
1

In this paper, fundamentals and recent progress for obtaining biological features quantitatively by using diffusion MRI are reviewed. First, a brief description of diffusion MRI history, application, and development was presented. Then, well-known parametric models including diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), diffusional kurtosis imaging (DKI), and neurite orientation dispersion diffusion imaging (NODDI) are introduced with several classifications in various viewpoints with other modeling schemes. In addition, this review covers mathematical generalization and examples of methodologies for the model parameter inference from conventional fitting to recent machine learning approaches, which is called Q-space learning (QSL). Finally, future perspectives on diffusion MRI parameter inference are discussed with the aspects of imaging modeling and simulation.
出版者
集英社
巻号頁・発行日
1964
著者
大田 由紀夫
出版者
社会経済史学会
雑誌
社会経済史学 (ISSN:00380113)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.61, no.2, pp.156-184,282, 1995-07-25 (Released:2017-06-24)

It is well known that the copper cash minted by successive Chinese dynasties circulated throughout East Asia. However, the actual patterns of circulation have not been fully researched. This article approaches the subject by referring to the movement of currency in the Japanese Medieval period. There were two periods, from 1215 to 1225 and in the 1270s, when copper cash circulated actively in Japan. On both occasions this was because of large outflows of copper cash from China after it had been banned and was therefore not in demand, in northern China under the reign of the Chin dynasty in the first case and in Chiangnan region under the reign of the Yuan dynasty in the second case While the introduction of the copper cash from China encouraged a remarkable development of the market economy in Japan, it also disturbed the established political and social order. After this, the movements of Chinese currency continued to have a great influence on Japanese currency, as when the early Ming seclusion policy led to a decline in the inflow of copper cash into Japan. Furthermore, the fact that Chinese copper cash only became a principal currency in Japan when it ceased to be a means of payment to and by the state in China, clearly shows that the circulation of Chinese copper cash in Medieval Japan did not signify the incorporation of Japan into the internal Chinese currency system.
著者
青木 美土里
巻号頁・発行日
2021-03

歴史人口学と歴史社会学の視点で、人の移動に関する先行研究の一部を整理した上で、現状の課題を明らかにし、自らの研究の立ち位置を確認する。順序としては、まず研究のきっかけとなった極私的体験について紹介し、修士課程での研究について説明。その上で現在、博士課程において進めている研究のテーマとその背景である明治近代以降の家族形態の変化と人の移動について述べた。また、2020年、地球規模で直面しているCOVID-19のもたらす社会変化についても僅かながら言及した。先行研究は、主に鬼頭宏の著作を用いて、歴史人口学の視点から人口と文明の関連性、産業化に起因する人口増加と、明治近代以降、日本で起きた農村から都市部への人口移動を整理。次に、佐藤香の著作に従って、歴史社会学の視点から、世界における人の移動プロセスにかかわる学史の流れ、現在の日本における同テーマの研究するにあたっての限界と課題について整理した。最後に、筆者の家系を研究の対象とすることで、その課題に対する新たな突破口を見出そうとした。