著者

小林 哲夫 奥野 充 長岡 信治 宮縁 育夫 井口 正人 味喜 大介

出版者

京都大学防災研究所

雑誌

京都大学防災研究所年報. B = Disaster Prevention Research Institute Annuals. B (ISSN:0386412X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, no.B, pp.269-276, 2010-06-01

著者

長岡 信治 奥野 充 新井 房夫

出版者

一般社団法人 日本地質学会

雑誌

地質学雑誌 (ISSN:00167630)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.107, no.7, pp.432-450, 2001-07-15 (Released:2008-04-11)

参考文献数

74

被引用文献数

23 23

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100~30 kaにおいて姶良カルデラでは, 日木山降下スコリア堆積物(103~95 ka), 金剛寺火砕サージ堆積物, 福山降下軽石堆積物(95~86 ka), 岩戸テフラ(60 ka, )大塚降下軽石堆積物(32.5 ka), 深港テフラ(31 ka), 毛梨野テフラ(26.5 ka)の7層のテフラが認められる.これらの噴火口は, カルデラの東半部に集中している.これらのテフラの噴出と並行して敷根安山岩などの溶岩も流出しており, 平均噴火間隔は7500年に1回となる.27 kaの姶良火砕噴火直前の32.5~30 kaでは噴火間隔は約1000年と短くなるが, 噴出量は逆に減少する傾向にある.姶良カルデラ火山は100 ka以降は活動期にあたる.この100~30 kaの噴火活動は, 最新の活動期の前半にあたっている.

著者

吉川 周作 山崎 秀夫 井上 淳 三田村 宗樹 長岡 信治 兵頭 政幸 平岡 義博 内山 高 内山 美恵子

出版者

一般社団法人 日本地質学会

雑誌

地質学雑誌 (ISSN:00167630)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.107, no.8, pp.535-538, 2001-08-15 (Released:2008-04-11)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

1 1

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The explosion of a plutonium atomic bomb over Nagasaki city took place on 9 August 1945. After the explosion, a cloud formed, which passed over the Nishiyama district, where 'black rain' fell. Thus, the Nishiyama reservoir, located approximately 3 km from the hypocenter, received the heaviest radioactive fallout from the Nagasaki atomic bomb. Sediment samples were collected from the bottom of the Nishiyama reservoir in 1999 and analyzed for their 137Cs, 241Am and charcoal concentrations. The stratigraphic distribution of 137Cs and charcoal clearly indicate that the 'black rain' horizon is recognized in the Nishiyama reservoir sediments. The 'black rain' horizon contains anthropogenic radionuclides (137Cs and 241Am) and charcoal in high concentrations.

著者

中田 正夫 前田 保夫 長岡 信治 横山 祐典 奥野 淳一 松本 英二 松島 義章 佐藤 裕司 松田 功 三瓶 良和

出版者

Japan Association for Quaternary Research

雑誌

第四紀研究 (ISSN:04182642)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, no.5, pp.361-368, 1994-12-31 (Released:2009-08-21)

参考文献数

12

被引用文献数

13 14

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西九州には縄文早期の鷹島遺跡や数多くの縄文前期から中期の水中遺跡が存在する. これらの遺跡が水没したおもな原因は, 最終氷期の大陸氷床の融解に伴うハイドロアイソスタシーに帰すことができる. 本論文では, このことを定量的に示した. この研究をさらに進めることは, 両極の氷床モデルや地殻とマントルのレオロジーを推定するのに非常に有益である.

著者

横瀬 久芳 小林 哲夫 長岡 信治

出版者

熊本大学

雑誌

基盤研究(B)

巻号頁・発行日

2007

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琉球弧北部のトカラ列島における火山活動の実態解明を目的に,ドレッジを用いた海底調査を実施した。海底より回収された火山岩類は,海面下にも第四紀火山活動が広く分布していることを示す。特に,海底カルデラ地形の近傍では,現地性流紋岩質軽石が確認でき,トカラ列島における巨大海底カルデラの存在を強く示唆する。火山岩類の地球化学的特徴から,北部琉球弧の火山活動や鉱床形成過程は,沈み込むフィリピン海プレートの形状によって支配されている事が判明した。

著者

長岡 信治 古山 勝彦

出版者

Tokyo Geographical Society

雑誌

地学雑誌 (ISSN:0022135X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.113, no.3, pp.349-382, 2004-04-25 (Released:2009-11-12)

参考文献数

32

被引用文献数

5 9

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Many basaltic monogenetic volcanoes forming groups are distributed on Fukue Island, the largest island of the Goto Islands. The Onidake volcano group, 8×10 km across, is one of the monogenetic volcano groups in the island. It contains eleven monogenetic volcanoes, namely, Daienji, Koba, Nagate, Masuda, Shimosakiyama, Hinodake, Kamiozu, Shirodake, Sakiyamabana, Midake-Usudake, and Onidake, in chronological order. K-Ar and 14C dating results show that these volcanoes were active during 0.5-0.018 Ma. The average interval of monogenetic volcano-forming eruption is fifty thousand to thirty thousand years, while a long interval of about one hundred thousand years exists between 0.25 and 0.15 Ma. By long interval, the group is divided into older volcanoes, Daienji, Koba, Nagate, and Masuda, and younger volcanoes, Shimosakiyama, Hinodake, Kamiozu, Shirodake, Sakiyamabana, Midake-Usudake, and Onidake.At about 0.42 Ma, the activities of the older volcanoes started with Daienji volcano, which produced a lava flow in the north area. It was covered by thick lava flows of Koba volcano at about 0.38 Ma. During or shortly after the activity of Koba volcano, Nagate shield volcano with two small scoria cones became active in the northeastern area. At about 0.30 Ma, in the western area, Masuda volcano erupted to form a lava plateau and two scoria cones.After 0.15 Ma, in the central area, the intermittent activities of younger volcanoes began with lava flows from Shimosakiyama volcano, which was covered soon by Hinodake volcano composed of three lava flows and one scoria cone. Two small cinder cones with a lava flow, Shirodake and Kamiozu volcanoes, erupted on the northern part of Hinodake volcano. At about 0.03 Ma, at the southeastern end, Midake-Usudake volcano, erupted with three cindercone-forming scoria falls and five small plateau-forming lava flows covering an undated scoria cone, Sakiyamabana.At 0.018 Ma, the latest eruption of the group, Onidake volcano, commenced in the central area, the first phase of which was the Abunze lava flow originating from welded scoria falls or a mixture of lava and scoria fall into the lava ponds in craters. Simultaneously, the scoria falls generating Abunze lava flow contributed the formation of Osako scoria cone, which partially collapsed shortly afterwards, probably because Abunze lava carried the parts away. In the second phase, Onidake scoria falls covered a large area of 5×5 km, while Onidake scoria cone was formed in the proximal area. The third phase consisted of five lava flows, Ohma lava 1, 2, and 3 and Onidake lava 1 and 2, all of which erupted from two summit craters of Onidake cone and covered the northern and western foothills of the volcano.

著者

中田 正夫 奥野 淳一 横山 祐典 長岡 信治 高野 晋司 前田 保夫

出版者

日本第四紀学会

雑誌

第四紀研究 (ISSN:04182642)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, no.4, pp.315-323, 1998-10-31 (Released:2009-08-21)

参考文献数

31

被引用文献数

9 16

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西九州には,縄文前期から縄文中期の水中遺跡が存在する.最終氷期の大陸氷床の融解に伴うハイドロアイソスタティックな地殻傾動は,これらの遺跡の沈水を定量的に説明することができる.これらの水中遺跡の分布は,地球の約250kmまでの深さの粘性構造に敏感に対応した事実を示している.この地域の海面変化の観測値と理論値を比較検討した結果,観測値を説明しうる粘性構造は,リソスフェアの厚さが30~50km,リソスフェア下200kmのアセノスフェアの平均的な粘性率が(8~20)×1019Pa sであることが判明した.つまり,アセノスフェアとその下の上部マントルとの粘性率のコントラストは有意ではなく,日本列島のような島弧域においても,発達した低い粘性率のアセノスフェアは存在しないことが示唆される.さらに,ハイドロアイソスタティックな地殻傾動に規定された後氷期の海水準変動は,空間・時間的に変化し,先史時代の居住地や生活様式を規定した可能性がある.

著者

長岡 信治 新井 房夫 檀原 徹

出版者

公益社団法人 東京地学協会

雑誌

地学雑誌 (ISSN:0022135X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.119, no.1, pp.121-152, 2010-02-15 (Released:2010-05-21)

参考文献数

75

被引用文献数

5 7

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The study investigates the past 1 Ma tephrostratigrapy of the Miyazaki plain in southern Japan. There are over 50 tephra layers, 80% of which originate from Kirishima volcano 25 km west of the plain. Several widely spread marker tephra layers in the layers and fission-track dating are used to establish tephrochronology. The explosive eruptive history of the volcano was reconstructed on the basis of tephrostratigraphy and tephrochronology. The history has two volcano groups: Pre-Kirishima 900-600 ka and Kirishima 600-0 ka. Pre-Kirishima volcanoes are unknown in detail. Kirishima volcano is divided into the Older Kirishima volcano, 600-330 ka, and the Younger Kirishima volcano, 330-0 ka. The Older Kirishima is characterized by calder-forming eruptions and large-scale pyroclastic flows, > 100 km3 in volume. Older Kirishima consists of four stages: O1 (600-530 ka), O2 (530-520 ka), O3 (520-340 ka), and O4 (340-330 ka). The tephra of O1 includes over five crystal-enriched ash fall layers, which indicate that vulcanian and phreatomagmatic eruptions occurred intermittently at that stage. O2 is the first calder-forming stage, in which the Kobayashi-Kasamori pumice fall and pyroclastic flows and Kobayashi caldera were formed. The pumice falls and a co-ignimbrite ash fall of the pyroclastic flow were dispersed over 1000 km east of the source, and covered the western half of the main island of Japan. O3 tephra layers are composed of over ten tephra layers formed by intermittent plinian and phreatomagmatic eruptions. The latter indicates that lakes emerged in the caldera. O4 stage is a large-scale eruption with the Kakuto pyroclasatic flow and Kakuto caldera forming. The Kakuto pyroclastic flow was accompanied by a pumice fall and a scoria fall. They were small-scale scatterings near the source from small-scale eruptions, while the co-ignimbrite ash fall reached Kanto, which is 1000 km east of the source. The Younger Kirishima began with intermittent pumice and scoria falls soon after the O4 stage. The Younger Kirishima forms the main landform in the Kirishima volcano. Most of the Younger Kirishima tephra layers of more than twenty scoria and pumice falls were caused by plinian and sub-plinian eruptions accompanied by lava flows. The activity of the Younger Kirishima volcano is subdivided into four stages: Y1 (330-130 ka), Y2 (130-50 ka), Y3 (50-30 ka), and Y4 (30-0 ka) on the basis of thick soil and erosive horizon, which suggest quiet volcanic activity with no eruptions or only lava flow eruptions. Y1 includes over five tephra layers from sub-plinian eruptions in the western part of Kirishima volcano. There is a long quiet period between 240 ka and 130 ka. Y2 has six scoria falls, which show sub-plinian eruptions in the western part of the volcano. Y3 tephra is composed of Uchiyama pumice fall, Iwaokoshi pumice fall, and Awaokoshi scoria fall. Iwaokoshi from Onaminoike 40 ka old and Awaokoshi from Hinamori-dake 30 ka old, were much larger eruptions than other tephra of the Younger Kirishima volcano. Forming stratovolcano at the source, they reach the Pacific Ocean and Miyazaki plain 50 km east of the source, while most of the Younger Kirishima tephra are distributed near Kirishima volcano. Y4 has more than ten pumice, scoria, and ash falls, which include historically recorded tephra layers. Of them, the Kirishima-Kobayashi pumice fall from Karakuni-dake 16.7 ka spread over the widest area, covering half of the Miyazaki plain and reaching the Pacific Ocean.

著者

吉川 周作 山崎 秀夫 井上 淳 三田村 宗樹 長岡 信治 兵頭 政幸 平岡 義博 内山 高 内山 美恵子

出版者

日本地質学会

雑誌

地質學雜誌 (ISSN:00167630)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.107, no.8, pp.535-538, 2001-08-15

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

1

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The explosion of a plutonium atomic bomb over Nagasaki city took place on 9 August 1945. After the explosion, a cloud formed, which passed over the Nishiyama district, where 'black rain' fell. Thus, the Nishiyama reservoir, located approximately 3 km from the hypocenter, received the heaviest radioactive fallout from the Nagasaki atomic bomb. Sediment samples were collected from the bottom of the Nishiyama reservoir in 1999 and analyzed for their ^<137>Cs, ^<241>Am and charcoal concentrations. The stratigraphic distribution of ^<137>Cs and charcoal clearly indicate that the 'black rain' horizon is recognized in the Nishiyama reservoir sediments. The 'black rain' horizon contains anthropogenic radionuclides (^<137>Cs and ^<241>Am) and charcoal in high concentrations.

著者

長岡 信治 西山 賢一 井上 弦

出版者

公益社団法人 東京地学協会

雑誌

地学雑誌 (ISSN:0022135X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.119, no.4, pp.632-667, 2010-08-25 (Released:2010-11-08)

参考文献数

83

被引用文献数

4 6

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The Miyazaki Plain is situated at the western end of the forearc of the Southwest Japan Arc, and is one of the standard areas of the Quaternary system in Japan. Many tephra layers were supplied from volcanoes in the Ryukyu and Southwest Japan arcs during Quaternary. The authors establish the stratigraphy and chronology of sediments during middle Pleistocene to Holocene in the Miyazaki Plain using tephrochronological methods, and discuss landform development and tectonics. The sediments are subdivided into Kariya formation, Nojiri formation (the Highest terraces), the Higher terrace deposits, the Middle terraces deposits, the Lower terraces deposits, and the Holocene formation (alluvium plain). Kariya formation of 1 Ma-500 ka, is fluvial sediments which are partially accompanied by marine sediments. Nojiri formation is 500-300 ka old and fluvial and marine sediments form the highest terraces. Shiinoki member in Nojiri formation has a transgressive sediment and is correlated with MIS 9. The higher terraces are composed of Kukino fluvial terrace of 330-240 ka and Chausubaru fluvial terrace of 240 ka. The middle terraces consist of the four fluvial and marine terraces: Sanzaibaru terrace of 140-120 ka, Baba terrace of 110 ka, Nyutabaru terrace of 110-90 ka, Karasebaru terrace of 90 ka, and Saitobaru terrace of 90-80 ka. Sanzaibaru terrace with a thick transgressive sediment and well-developed marine terraces correlates with MIS 6-5e. Nyutabaru terrace is mainly fluvial accompanied partially by marine terraces, and emerged in MIS 5c. Baba and Saitobaru terraces are fluvial only. Saitobaru terrace with a gravel bed over 10-m thick indirectly corresponded to the transgression in MIS 5a. All of the lower terraces of 70-10 ka are fluvial, and are subdivided into ten terraces: Shimizu, Okatomi, Toyobaru 1, Toyobaru 2, Ikazuno, Oyodo, Fukadoshi 1, Fukadoshi 2, Mikazukibaru 1, and Mikazukibaru 2. Their steep longitudinal profiles indicate that sea-level when the terraces formed was lower than the recent one. This lower sea-level stage chronologically corresponds to MIS 4-2. Fukadoshi 1,2 terraces, the profile of which is the steepest of all the terraces, were formed in MIS 2, the last glacial maximum. Shimotajima marine terraces and recent alluvium correspond to Holocene high sea level and transgression in MIS 1. The tectonics of the Miyazaki Plain during the past 2 Ma are estimated from landforms and geological structures. During 2-1 Ma, the forearc basin beneath the sea was uplifted slowly and the Miyazaki Plain emerged. Then the left-lateral movement of Wanitsuka Mts block bordering the plain on the north formed the two pull-apart basins of the Kariya and Nojiri formations at the southern part of the plain during 1-0.3 Ma. The left-lateral movement was caused by the opening of the Okinawa Trough in the back arc of Ryukyu Arc. At 0.3 Ma, the Miyazaki plain suddenly began uplifting rapidly due to E-W trend compression. During 0.8-0.6 Ma, the movement direction of the Philippine Sea Plate changed from NW to WNW, and then the plate subducted obliquely along the Nankai trough. Consequently, the Southwest Japan forearc including the Miyazaki Plain decoupled from the inner arc, moving westward, and finally caused the E-W trend compression and uplifting around the Miyazaki Plain. The uplift rate of the southern part of the plain accelerated from 0.1 m/ka to 1 m/ka during the last 0.3 Ma at the southern part of the plain. In detail, the tectonical mode is domical uplifting the center, which is several kilometers off Miyazaki City in the Pacific Ocean. The domical uplifting and the increasing uplift rate relate to the isostasy of the subducting Kyushu-Palau Ridge on the Philippine Sea plate under the Miyazaki Plain or a rising serpentinite diapir in the crust of the Eurasia plate.

著者

長岡 信治

出版者

Tokyo Geographical Society

雑誌

地学雑誌 (ISSN:0022135X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.97, no.3, pp.156-169, 1988-06-25 (Released:2009-11-12)

参考文献数

28

被引用文献数

4 2

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The Kikai caldera volcano located under water in East China Sea is one of the most gigantic calderas in southern Kyushu. At the caldera, a violent eruption occurred from the submarine vent, at ca. 70-80 ka. The eruption is interpreted to have been phreatomagmatic throughout. Each eruptive phase of the eruption sequence generated its own characteristic deposits. The sequence of the events can be summarized as fallows ; (1) a small phreatomagmatic eruption, which generated the fine grained ash including accretionary lapilli, (2) the catastrophic pyroclastic-flow eruption, which formed a large-scale pyroclastic flow (the Nagase pyroclastic flow), two pyroclastic surges (Nishinoomote-1 member : Ns-1, Nishinoomote-3 member : Ns-3), and a wide-spread co-ignimbrite ash fall (Nishinoomote-2 member : Ns-2).The Nagase pyroclastic flow came down from the rim of the caldera, and entered the sea. Then, the flow body, which included a large amount of large pumice blocks and heavy lithic fragments, was disintegrated as gas-particle flow by violent phreatomagmatic explosions, or continued subaqueously as water-supported mass flow. Dilute and fine-particle-rich pyroclastic surges, probably with a density much less than that of water, 1.0 g/cm3, generated off the top or head of subaerial Nagase pyroclastic flow. They could cross on the smooth surface of the sea, becoming water-cooled, vaporish and depleted in large clasts which dropped into the sea. Eventually, the cool and wet pyroclastic surges attacked the islands around the caldera, and deposited as Ns-1 and Ns-3.Ns-2 co-ignimbrite ash fall, composing of glass shards were generated from the upper convective part of the eruption column of the Nagase pyroclastic flow. Included accretionary lapilli indicate that the eruption column was very moisture because of much sea water flash-out subaerially for very violent explosions from the submarine vent. Ns-2 is probably correlated with the Kikai-Tozurahara ash which was found in central Japan more than 500 km off the source.

著者

長岡 信治 奥野 充

出版者

公益社団法人 東京地学協会

雑誌

地学雑誌 (ISSN:0022135X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.113, no.3, pp.425-429, 2004-04-25 (Released:2009-11-12)

参考文献数

24

被引用文献数

1

著者

長岡 信治

出版者

Japan Association for Quaternary Research

雑誌

第四紀研究 (ISSN:04182642)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, no.3, pp.139-163, 1986

被引用文献数

7 13

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The Miyazaki Plain has the best-developed late Quaternary terraces and deposits in Kyushu. But the landform evolution of this plain has not been investigated in detail in previous works. This study tephrochronologically describes the landform evolution in late Pleistocene.<br>Thick weathered tephra layers overlying the terrace surfaces are subdivided into an older and a younger groups. The younger tephra group, which has been deposited in the last ca. 100, 000 years, contains many marker tephra layers, in ascending order, Ata, K-Tz, FkP and Aso4 of 90, 000-70, 000y.B.P., ; AyP, IwtP, IwP, AwS, HnS II and OtP of 60, 000-30, 000y.B.P.; OsP, ItoPfl, AT and KbP of 22, 000-15, 000y.B.P.; and Ah of 6, 000y.B.P.<br>The older tephra group covers the higher terrace group of middle Pleistocene. The younger group covers the following lower terrace surfaces, in descending order: the Sanzaibaru surface, the Karasebaru surface, the Nyutabaru I, II, III surfaces, the Saitobaru I, II surfaces, the Toyobaru I, II surfaces, the Oyodo surface, the Kunitomi I, II surfaces, the Mikazukibaru I, II surfaces, and the Holocene terrace surface group.<br>Of many terrace surfaces in the Miyazaki Plain, the Sanzaibaru surface is the most extensive one. It is mostly of marine origin, composed of thick transgressive deposits called the Sanzaibaru Formation and lithologically subdivided into three members. The lower member is fluvial gravelous deposit in the regressive stage. The middle member consists of alternating beds of sand and silt with fossils of mollusccs that lived in the embayment of a warm sea in the transgressive stage. The upper member is sandy deposit of deltaic and beach conditions in the maximum stage of the transgression. On the Sanzaibaru surface, the upper member forms sand ridges which are inferred to have been bars, barriers and dunes.<br>The oldest marker tephra layer on the Sanzaibaru surface is the Ata ash which erupted from the Ata caldera ca. 90, 000-80, 000y.B.P.. The Sanzaibaru surface underlying the Ata ash is thought to have emerged ca. 100, 000y.B.P., in the Last Interglacial Stage. It is estimated by subtracting the height of the base of the Sanzaibaru Formation from the height of the shoreline of the surface that sea level rose more than 100m in the Sanzaibaru stage.<br>The Nyutabaru I, II, III surfaces are characterized by gentle gradients and wide distribution. They are of fluvial origin, although the Nyutabaru II and probably III surfaces are partly of marine origin in the northern part of the plain. The Nyutabaru III surface is an accumulation terrace formed during the little transgression. These surfaces are thought to have emerged ca. 90, 000-60, 000y.B.P., when a relatively high sea level was maintained because regression was slow and debris supply from the Kyushu Mountains increased or discharge in rivers decreased.<br>The Saitobaru I and II, Oyodo, and Kunitomi I and II surfaces, which are characterized by steeper and more linear longitudinal profiles, are erosional terraces and are mostly of fluvial origin. Their surfaces came out ca. 50, 000-10, 000y.B.P., in the Last Glacial Stage, when rapid regression occurred and sea level stayed relatively lower. The discharge of the rivers tended to increase gradually.<br>The Karasebaru, Toyobaru I and II and Mikazukibaru I and II surfaces in the northern part of the plain are fluvial fans. They were formed in three regressional stages: the late Last Interglacial Stage, the early Last Glacial Stage and the late last glacial stage. These fans were formed under conditions in which the river bed gradient was steeper than that of the continental shelf when the sea level went down.

著者

小林 哲夫 奥野 充 長岡 信治 宮縁 育夫 井口 正人 味喜 大介

出版者

京都大学防災研究所

雑誌

京都大学防災研究所年報. B = Disaster Prevention Research Institute Annuals. B (ISSN:0386412X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, pp.269-276, 2010-06-01

著者

荒生 公雄 長岡 信治 高橋 和雄 中根 重勝 藤吉 康志

出版者

長崎大学

雑誌

一般研究(B)

巻号頁・発行日

1993

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雲仙・普賢岳の火山活動は弱まりながらも、地下からの溶岩供給は続き、溶岩ドームは1995年1月には1,500mを越えるまでに成長した。また、山体周辺の火砕流および土石流による堆積物は確実に増加しており、今後においても土石流の脅威からは開放されない危険な状態にあることをしっかり認識したい。本研究で得られた成果の概要は以下の通りである。(1)1993年の大規模土石流発生時の降雨はすべて名古屋大学RHIレーダーによって観測され、貴重なデータセットとなった。それらの解析の結果から、普賢岳を襲う強雨は西南西の方角から時速約60〜70kmで来襲したことが明らかになった。このことは、降雨の現況監視や防災対策の整備について重要な規範を与えるものであり、本研究によって得られた貴重な成果の一つである。(2)3年間の度重なる大規模土石流にもかかわらず、犠牲者(死者)は出さなかったのは、(1)気象台から島原地方に出される警報が緻密になった、(2)島原市、深江町の行政・防災機関が非難誘導に尽力した、(3)住民が呼びかけに応じて早めに避難した、ことなどが理由として挙げられる。しかし、警報慣れと緊張感の弛緩もみられることから、今後一層の努力と実践的な研究が必要である。(3)雲仙岳北麓(北側斜面)の地形と火山性堆積物を解析した結果、過去において数千年〜数万年の間隔で、大規模な火砕流と土石流が発生していたことが明らかになった。それらは火山活動と並行して発生しており、今回と同じような火砕流・土石流現象が、雲仙岳周辺で過去に何度も繰り返されていたことが確認できた。

著者

山崎 秀夫 吉川 周作 南 武志 長岡 信治 國分 陽子 井上 淳 藤木 利之 辻本 彰 村上 晶子

出版者

近畿大学

雑誌

基盤研究(B)

巻号頁・発行日

2007

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研究成果の概要:明治維新以降のわが国の産業近代化と環境汚染の歴史的変遷を,古くから造船業などの重工業が盛んで,原爆にも被災した長崎市をフィールドにして検討した.人為的に環境に排出された汚染物質は海洋や湖沼などの底質に蓄積されるので,本研究では水圏底質コアに記録された汚染の歴史トレンドを時系列解析した.わが国の代表的な工業地域である京阪神や首都圏と長崎市の環境汚染の歴史トレンドは大きく異なり,また長崎市では原爆による汚染物質の飛散の影響も残存していることが明らかになった.

著者

長岡 信治

出版者

長崎大学

雑誌

基盤研究(C)

巻号頁・発行日

2006

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九州の霧島火山,阿蘇火山,九重火山の過去約10万年間のテフラの層序と分布の詳細を明らかにした。テフラから霧島・阿蘇・九重の各火山の高解像度の爆発的噴火史の復元を試みた。霧島火山や阿蘇火山は成層火山の形成を伴う爆発的噴火を繰り返しているが,九重は,溶岩ドーム形成が主体で,爆発的噴火は少ない。噴出率については,阿蘇は最近低下しているが,霧島と九重は増加傾向にあり,将来大規模な噴火が発生する可能性が高い。

著者

山崎 晴雄 長岡 信治 山縣 耕太郎 須貝 清秀 植木 岳雪 水野 清秀

出版者

首都大学東京

雑誌

基盤研究(B)

巻号頁・発行日

2004

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鮮新・更新世に噴出した火山灰層の対比・編年を通じて、日本各地の後期新生代堆積盆地の層序・編年を行った。これを利用して、関東平野や北陸地域、宮崎平野などの古地理変遷を明らかにした。また、洞爺火山や浅間火山などの活動史や地形変化を示した。これらにより以下の成果を得た。1.中央日本(大阪〜関東)において1.3Maの敷戸-イエロ-1テフラの存在確認を初めとして、4〜1Ma(百万年)の間に少なくとも12枚の広域指標テフラの層序及び分布を明らかにした。これにより、10〜50万年ほどの間隔で時間指標が設定でき、本州に分布する鮮新・更新世盆地堆積物編年の時間分解能や対比精度が著しく向上した。2.本研究で発見した坂井火山灰層(4.1Ma)は現在日本で知られている最古の広域テフラである。アルカリ岩質の細粒ガラス質火山灰で、その岩石記載学的特徴から同定対比が比較的容易であり、今後、日本列島の古環境復元に活用できる重要な指標テフラとなろう。3.関東平野の地下についてボーリングコア中の火山灰と房総半島や多摩丘陵に分布する火山灰の対比が進み、平野の地下構造、深谷断層-綾瀬川断層の活動史、テフラ降下時の古地理などが判明した。4.関東平野の地下構造とテフラ編年から、この地域の活断層の一部は15Maの日本海開裂時に形成された古い基盤構造が、1Ma以降の前〜中期更新世頃に新しい応力場で再活動を始めたものであることが明らかになった。5.北海道各地のテフラ情報が集積され、洞爺火山の活動史などが明らかになった。6.九州の火山活動史がとりまとめられると共に、テフラを用いて宮崎平野の地質層序、地形面の編年が詳細に調査され、鮮新・更新統の層序が明らかになった。7.テフラを利用して浅間火山の更新世活動史、泥流流下機構、周辺の地形発達との関係が明らかになった。8.本研究で改良した広域テフラを用いた地層の編年・対比技術はエチオピアの人類遺跡の調査・研究にも活用された。