3 0 0 0 OA ラオスの醸造酒 (ラオ・ハイlao-hai) と蒸留酒 (ラオ・ラオ, lao-lao)
- 著者
- 小崎 道雄 飯野 久和 岡田 早苗 関 達治
- 出版者
- 公益財団法人 日本醸造協会
- 雑誌
- 日本醸造協会誌 (ISSN:09147314)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.95, no.3, pp.193-198, 2000-03-15 (Released:2011-09-20)
- 参考文献数
- 10
ラオスは周辺諸国のタイやインドネシアなどに比べて, まだ近代化の波にそれぽど洗われてなく, 古くからの生活文化を残している。今回は, そのラオスにおける酒と麹について解説していただいた。
3 0 0 0 OA 心臓移植と南アフリカ
- 著者
- 小久保 亜早子
- 出版者
- 早稲田大学大学院政治学研究科
- 雑誌
- 早稲田政治公法研究 (ISSN:02862492)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.98, pp.25-41, 2011-12-20
- 著者
- 山本 伸裕
- 出版者
- 東京大学東洋文化研究所
- 雑誌
- 東洋文化研究所紀要 (ISSN:05638089)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.160, pp.441-496, 2011-12-22
This paper seeks to clarify the relationship between Nāgārjuna's philosophy of the Middle Way, based on the notion of emptiness (śūnyatā), and Pure Land Buddhist thought, of which Shinran was a devotee. In Shinran's texts, one can see many references to Nāgārjuna as one of the greatest teachers of Mahāyāna Buddhism as well as of Pure Land Buddhism. But, it is still open to debate whether he may be considered the real ancestor of Pure Land Buddhism, though Shinran seems to have had no doubt that he was the very man who set the precedent for the teaching of the easy path of nembutsu. As a matter of fact, one can say that Jodo-Shin-Shū has not dwelt a great deal on Nāgārjuna's philosophy of emptiness. One reason may be that, for many people, Nāgārjuna's thoughts on emptiness were too profound to comprehend. Again, some might say there is little relationship to the teachings of the Pure Land, in which various expedients (upāya) are used to guide ordinary people. Nāgārjuna's emptiness is mainly mentioned in Sanskrit texts such as the Mūlamadhyamakakārikā (“Fundamental Verses on the Middle Way”). One must carefully reread these texts in order to see how the philosophy of emptiness can be employed in the generation of Pure Land thought. This is as most Buddhists have been reading Nāgārjuna's texts through the classical Chinese translations. In this thesis, two key terms prapañca and prajñapti are carefully examined. Although both are surely related to human conceptual and linguistic practices, they are often considered to be of secondary value, at best, as compared with the notion of emptiness. But, such understanding may not be correct as it is influenced, to some unknown degree, by the style of the individual translator. The word “prajñapti” means practice in this world, of which nature is nothing other than “emptiness” (śūnyatā). Consequently, all of our deeds are subject to failure. But, once one accepts this uncertainty of emptiness, one will no more be tormented by one's own actions. Meanwhile, Shinran, basing his own faith on Pure Land Buddhism, emphasized the role of expedients, or “means,” and salvation by faith to the Other (Amitābha). This salvation by faith means giving up reliance on one's own ability and accepting the power of “emptiness.” In this way, one lives in the real world expediently and depending upon linguistic practice.
3 0 0 0 OA 旋風二十年 : 解禁昭和裏面史
3 0 0 0 IR 明治初頭における岩倉具視の教育思想
- 著者
- 関口 直佑
- 出版者
- 早稲田大学大学院社会科学研究科
- 雑誌
- ソシオサイエンス (ISSN:13458116)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.19, pp.93-108, 2013
3 0 0 0 歴史手帖 一九四八年の対馬
- 著者
- 百瀬 孝
- 出版者
- 吉川弘文館
- 雑誌
- 日本歴史 (ISSN:03869164)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- no.775, pp.48-50, 2012-12
3 0 0 0 OA 技術文章向け推敲支援システムの構成法に関する研究
3 0 0 0 OA 俳句の国際性 : 西欧の俳句についての一考察
- 著者
- ソコロワ=デリューシナ タチヤーナ L.
- 出版者
- 国際日本文化研究センター
- 雑誌
- 日文研フォーラム
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.第080回, pp.1-46, 1997-01
3 0 0 0 OA 北海道大学総合博物館旧第二農場所蔵農具コレクション(鍬)について(補遺)
- 著者
- 池上 重康
- 出版者
- 北海道大学大学文書館 = Hokkaido University Archives
- 雑誌
- 北海道大学大学文書館年報 (ISSN:18809421)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.5, pp.64-75, 2010-03-19
3 0 0 0 OA キャリバンをおいしく食べる方法 : 『テンペスト』におけるタラのメタファー
- 著者
- 越智 敏之
- 出版者
- 英米文化学会
- 雑誌
- 英米文化 (ISSN:09173536)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- no.41, pp.51-63, 2011-03-31
Not only called 'fish' by other characters such as Trinculo and Stephano, but also, by the magic of Ariel, soaked into pickle-like filthy water as if he were salted fish under the curing process, Caliban is metaphorically described as fish. Abstinence lay at the core of Christianity, and fish was a preferred food for fast days, or 'fish days' in Christendom. In the thirteenth century, on more than half the days of the year, Christians ate fish for religious reasons. Then why could fish possibly be used as a metaphor to describe this monstrous slave in the New World? The nature of fish days began to change after the Reformation in England which had adopted Protestantism. Catholic doctrines, including dietary teachings, came to be no longer strictly followed, but ironically the government had to enforce the observance of fish days for nonreligious reasons; they needed to encourage the fishing industry in order to feed people, especially the increasing urban poor, and to stimulate the building of ships as a safeguard against possible Spanish attacks. And salted fish, which came to be supplied increasingly from the New World fishing banks, became vital staples not only for the poor but for soldiers and sailors in the days of religious wars and exploding international commerce. Although, with people more and more disregarding the old rules of the Church, salted fish, the metaphor for Caliban, was not a favored food, it supported the social and economic system of England and helped its expansion into the New World.
3 0 0 0 OA 羽ばたき式風車の開発
- 著者
- 青木 繁光
- 出版者
- 一般社団法人 日本風力エネルギー学会
- 雑誌
- 風力エネルギー (ISSN:03876217)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.34, no.3, pp.129-133, 2010 (Released:2014-02-01)
3 0 0 0 OA 「学制」前文(明治五年)の再検討
- 著者
- 竹中 暉雄
- 出版者
- 桃山学院大学
- 雑誌
- 桃山学院大学人間科学 (ISSN:09170227)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- no.40, pp.322-269, 2011-03-30
This paper, motivated by the question of why the members of the drafting committee of Gakusei left almost no records of their work, focuses chiefly on the following four points. 1. Two poems by Hajime Uryu, a member of the drafting committee of Gakusei (one written at the time of his appointment, the other at the time of his resignation), are almost the only documents surviving that were written by members of the committee concerning their task. The poems reveal Uryu's strong dissatisfaction that the committee carried out its work with almost no sense of responsibility or team spirit, and that the original idea of "education for the national benefit" had been transformed into the idea of "education for individual benefit". If Uryu's complaint was valid, we can understand the reason why the members of the drafting committee did not talk about their work on Gakusei. 2. As the result of the situation Uryu described, Gakusei had many irregularities, not only in its main provisions but also in its Preamble, which includes the famous phrase "there may not be a village with an ignorant family, nor a family with an ignorant child". The text of the Preamble had many grammatical problems and included many historically untrue or exaggerated expressions. These problems have almost never been referred to in research on the Gakusei. 3. The problems in the Preamble to Gakusei become even clearer when we examine English versions of the text. Even the then Ministry of Education was evidently perplexed to prepare an English translation of the Preamble. 4. The new Meiji government emphasised the idea that education should be for the individual benefit in order to emphasise its position that people should not depend on the state for their educational costs. As a result, there were a number of important principles that the Preamble was unable to express. Firstly, the idea of "education for the public benefit" could not be expressed. The school charges referred to in the provisions of Gakusei began from the principle of a school district charge. Secondly, "the necessity of a uniform national educational system" could not be expressed. This system was designed in the provisions of Gakusei. Thirdly, the principle of educating people to be able to actively support the new state through their understanding of its decrees could not be expressed. The educational mission of the new Meiji state was to construct a nation governed by law.
3 0 0 0 OA 謡曲二百番謡ひ鑑
- 著者
- 井上頼圀, 近藤正一 著
- 出版者
- 博文館
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.前編, 1914
3 0 0 0 IR ムハンマド・ブン・マフムード・トゥースィー著『被造物の驚異と万物の珍奇』(1)
- 著者
- 守川 知子 ペルシア語百科全書研究会
- 出版者
- 京都大学イスラーム地域研究センター
- 雑誌
- イスラーム世界研究 (ISSN:18818323)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.2, no.2, pp.198-218, 2009-03
- 著者
- 柴田 康太郎
- 出版者
- 美学会
- 雑誌
- 美学 = Aesthetics (ISSN:05200962)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.66, no.1, pp.173-184, 2015
In Japanese film history, the late 1930s was known as a period when interest in filmic "realism" rose. This study examines how this interest in filmic realism influenced musical accompaniment in narrative films in the late 1930s. It mainly focuses on two complementary aspects of filmic realism: one based on naturalist/ socialist realism in literature and the other based on a new conception of filmic representation that emphasized audiovisual realism. This study investigates the contrasting influences of these two aspects. One influence was the decrease in the use of non-diegetic music, a practice reported in contemporary texts that can be confirmed by existing realist films. The first half of the paper analyzes contemporary discourse on filmic realism and anti-musical accompaniment arguments and reveals that musical accompaniment was considered unsuitable for both the above-mentioned aspects of realism. This influence, however, was not restricted to the decrease in use of non-diegetic music. In fact musical accompaniment was not completely abandoned, and some contemporary Japanese film composers sought an effective way of using it in realist films. The latter half of this paper shows the efforts of Fukai Shiro, one such leading Japanese composer, in this regard.
3 0 0 0 IR ゲーテとケンペルの銀杏 : ゲーテの『植物のメタモルフォーゼ』論
- 著者
- 渡邉 直樹
- 出版者
- 宇都宮大学
- 雑誌
- 宇都宮大学国際学部研究論集 (ISSN:13420364)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.36, pp.79-88, 2013-09-01
- 著者
- 木村 直弘
- 出版者
- 岩手大学教育学部附属教育実践総合センター
- 雑誌
- 岩手大学教育学部附属教育実践総合センター研究紀要 (ISSN:13472216)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- no.10, pp.55-84, 2011
ロシアの文豪レフ・トルストイ(1828~1910年)はその芸術論『芸術とは何か? What is Art?(Chtotakoye iskusstvo?)』(1897/98年)の冒頭・第1章に,彼が或る「もっともありふれた」新作オペラの下稽古に立ち会った時の光景の描写を置いている。そのストーリーは,あるインドの王のもとに結婚相手が連れてこられると,王は歌手に変装しており,花嫁はその歌手に恋してしまうが,最終的にその歌手が王だとわかってハッピーエンドに終わるという「まず空想としか思えないような,およそばかげきったしろもの」である。インド人が花嫁を連れて来る行列の場面の下稽古中,行列が進み出すとホルンと朗唱が合わなくなる。とたんに「指揮者は,まるで災難でも降って湧いたように身震いとともに指揮棒で譜面台を叩く。なにもかもがやめになり,楽長はオーケストラのほうに向きなおると,フレンチ・ホルンに食ってかかり,なぜ調子をまちがえたのかと,まるで馬車屋の捨てぜりふそっくりの,じつに口ぎたない言葉で罵倒する。そしてまた,何もかもが最初からやりなおしである」。こうした楽長の強権的言動の描写はさらに続く。「こんどは何もかもうまく行っているように見えた。ところが,またして指揮棒が鳴り,楽長は,弱りきった,にくにくしげな声で,男女の合コ ーラス唱隊を叱りつけにかかる」。そしてまた「なんだい,いったい,死んでいるのか,君たちは? 牝牛め! 木偶の坊みたいにぼんやりつっ立ってるのは,息の根がとまっているのか?」,あるいは,お喋りしていたコーラスガールたちに向かって「おい,君たちはここへお喋りに来たのか? ぺちゃぺちゃやりたきゃ自宅でやれ。その赤ズボンはもっとこっちへ寄って俺を見るんだ。やりなおしっ」等々。ここで,トルストイが敢えてオペラという最もコストのかかる蕩尽的音楽ジャンルを選んだ理由は,それが歌手,オーケストラ,合唱といった音楽家だけでなく,衣裳,舞台美術,大道具・小道具等々を含めて多くの「労働者」から成り立っているからである。搾取する側の象徴である楽長は「自分の芸術という大きな事業に没頭してほかの芸人どもの感情なんかをかえりみてなどはいられない大芸術家の音楽上の伝統だということを知っているので,平気でそういう横暴をやってのける」のだが,実はこうした横暴な楽長も「労働者」同様疲弊している。当時必要額のわずか1%しか国民教育に支出されていなかったロシアで,大都市の「芸術」関連の学校,施設に巨額の補助金が出され,何十万という労働者が「芸術の要求を満たすために,過酷な労働のうちにその生涯を過ごしてしまう」状況,あるいは,たとえば学校や劇場で音楽家が「鍵盤や絃を,非常にはやく掻き鳴らすことを覚え」るよう学習させられることによって,鈍感で一面的な「ただ足や,舌や,指をねじりまわすことしかできない専門家」で満足するようになってしまう状況等,こうした芸術至上主義的趨勢にあってもはや不分明になってしまった問い,すなわち「芸術とはそのためにこれほどの犠牲をしてもいいほど重要なことなのか?」という問題視こそが,トルストイの芸術論の出発点にある。