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1 0 0 0 OA NPO優遇税制をめぐる立法運動のロビイング戦術

著者: 原田峻
出版者: 関東社会学会
雑誌: 年報社会学論集 (ISSN:09194363)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.2016, no.29, pp.116-127, 2016-07-31 (Released:2017-08-31)
参考文献数: 19
被引用文献数: 1

In Japan, the tax support system for nonprofit organizations was legislated in 2001, then significantly revised in 2011. Behind these events was constant lobbying by a social movement organization called C's. This paper examines how C's used two types of lobbying tactics: outside and inside. As outside tactics, the organization carried out “conflict expansion” by appealing to mass media and collecting signatures, and “signaling” by holding campaigns with Diet members. As inside tactics, it presented petitions to the government and attended political party hearings. These tactics were scheduled over one year and were repeated 12 years. Although the frequency of the outside tactics decreased, the organization constantly employed its inside tactics. After the change in government, C's changed the political situation and achieved its goal.

2019-10-01 21:17:26
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1 0 0 0 OA 鉄道の路線・駅・結節交通手段の選択を含む総合的な交通手段選択モデルの研究

著者: 吉田朗原田昇
出版者: Japan Society of Civil Engineers
雑誌: 土木学会論文集 (ISSN:02897806)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.1996, no.542, pp.19-31, 1996-07-20 (Released:2010-08-24)
参考文献数: 17
被引用文献数: 6 3

本研究では, 都市圏における自動車と公共交通機関の複合的利用施策を評価するために, 鉄道に結節する交通行動を考慮した, より広範囲な交通手段の選択モデルを提案する. 多次元に及ぶ選択構造を単純化するため、鉄道の路線, 乗車駅, 降車駅, 駅アクセス交通手段, 駅イグレス交通手段がすべて選択可能な状況で, 一般性の高い「鉄道経路」選択肢の生成とラベリングの方法を考案するとともに, 駅アクセス交通手段と駅イグレス交通手段の選択構造の共通性に配慮している. 実証分析の結果, 様々な交通目的のトリップに対して, 代表交通手段から, 鉄道経路, 駅アクセス・イグレス交通手段に至る Nested Logit モデルの有意性が認められた.

2019-10-01 09:53:48
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1 0 0 0 OA 夜の青色光と赤色光の生理作用:測定項目間の違いと印象評価との関連性

著者: 落合将太郎原田和樹李相逸樋口重和
出版者: 日本生理人類学会
雑誌: 日本生理人類学会誌 (ISSN:13423215)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.22, no.2, pp.69-76, 2017 (Released:2017-10-31)

The aim of the present study was to determine the measurement dependence of the effects of color light and to clarify the correlation between physiological responses and subjective impression. Seventeen male university students without color vision deficiency were exposed to blue light and red light (200 lx at eye level) at night for three hours. The effects of blue light on pupil constriction and melatonin suppression were significantly greater than the effects of red light. On the other hand, heart rate tended to be higher under the red light condition. There was no significant difference between the effects of blue light and red light on rectal temperature or alertness. Individual variations in the subjective impression of light were correlated with heart rate and rectal temperature but not with melatonin concentration or pupil constriction. The results suggest that the physiological effects of light depend on measurements and that these variations may be influenced by subjective impression.