著者

堀⽥ 主

出版者

ロシア・東欧学会

雑誌

ロシア・東欧研究 (ISSN:13486497)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2021, no.50, pp.104-125, 2021 (Released:2022-06-11)

参考文献数

74

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This article explores the pivotal but largely unwatched 1985–1986 Soviet diplomacy over the Stockholm Conference, also known as the Conference on Disarmament in Europe (CDE), in terms of its broader domestic and international contexts. It explains why and how the Soviet Union made concessions to Western proposals in the Stockholm negotiations after Gorbachev took office. Regarding the most contentious issue of the on-site inspection, the following three people — the new General Secretary, the Foreign Minister with no diplomatic experience, and the diplomat on the ground — collaborated to create the unprecedented Soviet decision. The long-held Soviet secrecy collapsed because the triangle stifled both the conservative KGB’s and military’s opposition. The Stockholm agreement, reached after two and a half years of negotiations, was the first multilateral East–West security accord since the 1975 Helsinki Final Act and the first arms control agreement involving the two superpowers since SALT II in 1979. It is also remarkable that its success was one of the first achievements for Soviet diplomacy in the ambitious Gorbachev period. However, the real significance of the conference lies in Soviet concessions in areas previously deemed unacceptable. The Kremlin, which had long adhered to secrecy, accepted the West’s proposal for on-site inspections. This paper is organised into four main parts. The first chapter deals with the end of the Gromyko era after Gorbachev’s advent. From the beginning, the new leader had a vision of improving international relations but no concrete plan. Meanwhile, the old-fashioned Foreign Minister, who had long dominated Soviet diplomacy, showed continuity in foreign policy from the pre-Gorbachev period. The second chapter analyses the period immediately following Eduard Shevardnadze’s appointment as Foreign Minister. Shevardnadze, who had no diplomatic experience, strengthened the bottom-up mechanism of actively incorporating his colleagues’ views. The increased discretion of negotiators on the ground significantly impacted the future of Stockholm. The third chapter focuses on the discordance between the words and deeds in Soviet diplomacy following Gorbachev’s spectacular declaration in January 1986. While the leader actively announced new initiatives, actual Soviet diplomacy did not profoundly change course. This chapter also stresses that the Chernobyl nuclear incident was not the decisive impetus for reaching the Stockholm agreement. Finally, the fourth chapter describes the confrontation between the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the General Staff. The quiet war behind the Kremlin walls brought complex improvisation into the Soviet decision-making process and negotiation stance.

著者

堀江 典生

出版者

ロシア・東欧学会

雑誌

ロシア・東欧研究 (ISSN:13486497)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2013, no.42, pp.32-44, 2013 (Released:2015-05-28)

参考文献数

39

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This paper investigates “Chinese diaspora,” the term used by the Russian media and in Russian scholarly articles to describe the Chinese residing and working in Russia either permanently or temporarily. Although Russia’s perceived threat of Chinese migration to Russia has calmed as compared to the 1990s, Russian citizens are still intolerant of Chinese inclusion into Russian society and the apparent unwillingness of the Chinese to adapt. Hostility against the Chinese can be avoided by understanding their activity in Russia, as well as the roots of Russian society’s stereotyping of the Chinese. This paper focuses on the term Chinese diaspora because it has not previously been theoretically considered. In addition, whether this Chinese presence in Russia qualifies as actual diaspora has not been thoroughly examined, despite its wide use to describe the Chinese currently residing and working in Russia. The aim of this paper is to examine how the term Chinese diaspora as a metaphor operates in Russian society, as well as how the boundary between Russian citizens and the Chinese has been maintained not by diasporic motivation, but by Russian motivation to perpetuate it. This paper first examines how the term Chinese diaspora is used by the Russian media and in Russian scholarly articles, and then describes how this usage differs from the definition of diaspora in the theoretical sense and from how the Oversea Chinese worldwide define themselves as diaspora. This paper also examines the diasporic ties between Chinese migrants and their home countries and diasporic practices from a historical perspective. Chinese diaspora should be analyzed by the diasporic stances, projects, claims, idioms, practices, and so on, that are motivated from the diaspora side, even if they passively accept or adapt their diasporic stances. This analysis finds that there is no diasporic cohesion between new and old Chinese immigrants to Russia in term of their origins, and no consistent and well-organized diasporic practice. This paper’s investigation makes it clear that the Chinese diaspora in Russia does not presently exist from the perspective of diasporic theory and social practices. The term Chinese diaspora is a metaphor designed by Russia to maintain the boundary between Russian society and Chinese migrants. The grouping of Russia’s Chinese population into this putative diaspora keeps them arbitrarily bounded by the host society. With this grouping, biased views against Chinese immigrants remains as a device to instigate new threats against them or inflate existing threats, even if those who speak about the Chinese immigrants welcome them or not. The term Chinese diaspora in the Russian context should be used carefully. Its use hinders the Chinese by stereotyping them as a putative diaspora, provoking an inexplicable disquiet among the host citizens that keeps them intolerant of Chinese immigrants.

著者

堀江 典生

出版者

ロシア・東欧学会

雑誌

ロシア・東欧研究 (ISSN:13486497)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2011, no.40, pp.65-78, 2011 (Released:2013-05-31)

参考文献数

22

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This study examines the extent of job structure reorganization in Russian enterprises with an emphasis on path dependency on Soviet-type job classification. Human resources is an organizational source of competitive advantage. HRM (human resource management), introduced to Russia by Western countries, is presumed to help Russian enterprises reform their management, but its practical application is difficult for most Russian enterprises that are used to the “Russian Classification of Workers and Employees Occupations and Wage Grades,” regulated by state and inherited from the Soviet era, in their personal management and wage system. Most researchers have focused on cultural diversity in introducing Western HRM to Russian enterprises, but have not paid attention to the job design within these enterprises. We conducted an in-depth interview of a company’s human resources managers to understand the organizational structure of the HRM department and their recent development of HRM practices. We also conducted a large-scale interview survey of executives from more than 430 Russian companies to obtain their view of their HRM practice. The company we visited for the in-depth interview was a former state enterprise with a long history from the Soviet era. The organizational structure designed for the human resources management department lacks the function of conducting job analysis, and thus the main tasks of the department remain the same as those during the Soviet era. They insist that the wage system of this company has changed from the old regime, but these changes concern merely flexibility of wage rates, not job redesign. In addition, using a large-scale interview survey, we examined their dependency on the job classification inherited from the Soviet era, the frequency with which they conduct job analysis, their dependency on the wage system inherited from the Soviet era, and the extent of job enlargement. Our findings indicate that most enterprises still employ the “Russian Classification of Workers and Employees Occupations and Wage Grades” and do not have their own job design. The wage system also heavily depends on the wage grades regulated by the Russian government. They frequently conduct job analyses, but we suggest this has not been conducted for the purpose of job redesign. The executives believe that their jobs have enlarged, but they have enlarged without job redesign. Therefore, we conclude that Russian enterprises have not developed their newly introduced Western HRM in their course of management reform, and most still employ the rigid job classification and wage system inherited from the Soviet regime to manage their employees. But these companies still have survived economic crises and their factory workers have kept working in each job module classified by the state. Human resource management in Russia has not been substituted by western human resource management. It has evolved from the Soviet-type HRM to a Russian HRM with the introduction of some western HRM practices.

著者

堀内 賢志

出版者

The Japanese Association for Russian and East European Studies

雑誌

ロシア・東欧研究 (ISSN:13486497)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2010, no.39, pp.102-105, 2010 (Released:2012-06-20)

被引用文献数

1

著者

堀林 巧

出版者

The Japanese Association for Russian and East European Studies

雑誌

ロシア・東欧研究 (ISSN:13486497)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2010, no.39, pp.1-12, 2010 (Released:2012-06-20)

参考文献数

24

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This paper examines the systemic change from communism to capitalism and the transformation of the welfare system in the Visegrad countries, the Baltic states and Slovenia. The CEE countries aimed to create capitalism through liberalization, macro-stabilization and privatization of the state-owned firms after the breakdown of communism. The first attempts at privatizing the large state-owned firms in Poland, Hungary and the Czech Republic resulted in different types of state and private “hybrid ownership” structures in which some state paternalism remained. The state paternalism remained in Slovakia, too. The Baltic states adopted the most radical liberalization and macro-stabilization policy in the region to create a form of capitalism, which was furthest removed from the past-communism symbolized by the former Soviet Union since they considered independence from Russia as the most important challenge of the systemic change. While Slovenia created a German type of corporatist industrial relation in the first half of the 1990s on the basis of the past legacy, i.e., self-management socialism, it implemented privatization gradually. Due to both internal and external reasons such as the CEE countries’ low level of domestic capital accumulation and their accession into the EU, the inflow of FDI from old EU member states into the CEE increased at a faster pace since the late 1990s. As a result, “dependent capitalism” emerged in the eight CEE countries. The Visegrad countries enjoyed a higher pace of economic growth through multinational-led export increases by the late 2000s. In the Baltic states, a “housing and consumption boom” originated from the excess-loans from foreign bank affiliates to households. However, the CEE economies (except Poland) were severely damaged by the spread of the financial crisis and recessions in the core EU member states after the late 2008. From this event, one should keep in mind the negative aspects of the excess-dependence on foreign capital in the CEE economies. The communist welfare system consisted of full employment, universal social insurance, a firm-based system of service, fringe benefits and subsidized prices for basic necessities such as food and housing. The “transition recession” in the beginning of the 1990s led to massive unemployment and the end of full employment in the CEE. By introducing unemployment benefits and social assistance system in order to cope with the increase of the poor and unemployed in the beginning of the 1990s, the welfare system of the CEE moved closer to those of Continental European type. From the mid-1990s, the social policies of many CEE countries shifted to what the World Bank had recommended. For example, many countries in the CEE implemented pension reform, including partial privatization, although Slovenia and the Czech Republic did not. The fact that poverty rate in Slovenia and the Czech Republic is much lower than those in Poland and Baltic states reflects different social policy stances. It also reveals historical path-dependency since Slovenia and the Czech Republic created the most developed capitalism in the CEE as measured by per capita GDP on the basis of historical legacy. Before the breakdown of communism, both Slovenia and the Czech Republic belonged to the advanced region in the Eastern Europe.

著者

堀内 賢志

出版者

ロシア・東欧学会

雑誌

ロシア・東欧学会年報 (ISSN:21854645)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1999, no.28, pp.108-116, 1999 (Released:2010-05-31)

参考文献数

9

被引用文献数

1 1

著者

堀林 巧

出版者

ロシア・東欧学会

雑誌

ロシア・東欧学会年報 (ISSN:21854645)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1999, no.28, pp.29-42, 1999 (Released:2010-05-31)

参考文献数

34

著者

堀 邦維

出版者

日本ユダヤ学会

雑誌

ユダヤ・イスラエル研究 (ISSN:09162984)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, pp.125, 2018 (Released:2021-05-09)

著者

小林 諒子 堀内 聡

出版者

日本応用心理学会

雑誌

応用心理学研究 (ISSN:03874605)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, no.2, pp.128-129, 2021-11-30 (Released:2022-02-28)

参考文献数

7

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This study investigated the associations between individual differences in tears and personality in a situation that moves and saddens one. Each participant viewed a moving picture that was approximately 5.5 minutes long and scored their feelings and appearance of tears during the clip. They also completed a questionnaire on big five personality types. Stronger feelings of being moved and sadness were induced when compared with other feelings when viewing. A regression analysis with the five personality traits and gender as independent variables and appearance of tears as the dependent variable indicated that increased openness was associated with more intense crying.

著者

矢羽々 紗枝 堀内 聡 片岡 祥

出版者

日本応用心理学会

雑誌

応用心理学研究 (ISSN:03874605)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, no.2, pp.130-131, 2021-11-30 (Released:2022-02-28)

参考文献数

5

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This study investigated the negative emotional reactions to a "left on read" situation in various attachment styles. Two-hundred-seventy-nine Japanese high school students received a questionnaire designed to measure their attachment style. Participants read the scenario of not receiving a reply to a LINE message they sent to a close friend inviting them to play. Their negative emotions were scored, and data from 155 students were analyzed. Compared to students with a secure attachment style, those with a preoccupied style showed stronger feelings of fear and sad-ness. Scores of anger, disgust, energetic arousal, and tension arousal did not differ in attachment style.

著者

堀内 正彦 永田 陽子

出版者

日本応用心理学会

雑誌

応用心理学研究 (ISSN:03874605)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.2, pp.130-138, 2020-11-30 (Released:2021-02-28)

参考文献数

27

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The purpose of this study was to show the cognitive structure that influences problem solving for difficult mathematical tasks for university students. Before and after reading an explanation about psychostatistics, we asked for answers to questions about psychostatistics and we then analyzed the responses. The results showed that although the learning task was reading an explanation, fragmented knowledge was activated and linked to each other. Furthermore, cognitive structures that affect task resolution include logical relationships and single knowledge, and both influence the accuracy of problem solving, but logical relationships have a particularly large effect.

著者

堀内 孝

出版者

心理学評論刊行会

雑誌

心理学評論 (ISSN:03861058)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, no.1, pp.43-58, 2008 (Released:2019-04-12)

著者

堀 誠

出版者

アジア・文化・歴史研究会

雑誌

アジア・文化・歴史 (ISSN:24239461)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, pp.1-20, 2021 (Released:2021-03-15)

著者

堀 誠

出版者

アジア・文化・歴史研究会

雑誌

アジア・文化・歴史 (ISSN:24239461)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, pp.1-13, 2022 (Released:2022-03-01)

著者

堀 誠

出版者

アジア・文化・歴史研究会

雑誌

アジア・文化・歴史 (ISSN:24239461)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.11, pp.1-15, 2020 (Released:2020-09-07)

著者

西尾 孝治 横山 豊 小堀 研一

出版者

芸術科学会

雑誌

芸術科学会論文誌 (ISSN:13472267)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.4, no.2, pp.47-53, 2005 (Released:2008-07-30)

参考文献数

15

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自由曲面を表現する手法の一つに濃度関数モデルがあるが,計算コストが大きく対話性が損なわれるなど,実用に供していないという問題がある.そこで,本稿では三次元グラフィックスボードを用いてCAD・CG分野で用いられている濃度関数モデルを高速に定義する手法を提案する.これにより,ユーザの待ち時間の短縮や,高速に目的形状を生成することによる作業の効率化が期待できる.また,形状の定義に用いるプリミティブとして,球に加えて多角柱を用いることにより,柔軟なモデリングを可能とした.本手法では,濃度関数をもとにあらかじめ生成したテクスチャを保持し,グラフィックスボードのテクスチャマッピング機能とαブレンディング機能を用いて濃度分布を求める.また,実際に本手法を用いて製品形状を作成し,実験を通じて本手法の有効性について検証したのでその結果を報告する.

著者

舟橋 健司 宇佐美 健一 岩堀 祐之

出版者

芸術科学会

雑誌

芸術科学会論文誌 (ISSN:13472267)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2, no.1, pp.1-7, 2003 (Released:2008-07-30)

参考文献数

11

被引用文献数

1

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本論文では新たな液体の表現モデルについて検討する。従来、液体などの挙動シミュレーションやアニメーションに関する研究は多く行われている。しかし、これまでに仮想的な操作を考慮したものはない。本モデルは挙動を厳密に再現するものではなく、実際の挙動の特徴をリアルタイムに表現するものである。我々はこれまでに、液体を静止状態と自由落下状態に分類することにより、落下して来る液体を容器により受け止め、また他の容器からすくいとり、容器を傾けることによりこぼすという対話的な操作を可能とした。さらに流れの状態の液体を扱うために、液体を扱う容器を格子状に区切り、各格子に対する液体の密度と平均速度を定義する。これらの値を隣接する格子の状態に応じて変更していくことにより、対話操作可能な状態として液体の流れの状態を表現する。実験システムでは、容器を緩やかに傾けることにより、液体の流れの表現が可能である。

著者

堀 麻佑子 Mayuko Hori

出版者

関西学院大学

巻号頁・発行日

2014-03-01

著者

山岸 明彦 矢野 創 小林 憲正 横堀 伸一 橋本 博文 山下 雅道 田端 誠 河合 秀幸

出版者

生命の起原および進化学会

雑誌

Viva Origino (ISSN:09104003)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, no.4, pp.72-76, 2008 (Released:2022-01-18)

参考文献数

23

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たんぽぽ(蒲公英,dandelion)は綿毛のついた種子を風に乗せて頒布し,その生息域を広げる多年草である.我々は,この名前のもと,国際宇宙ステーション-JEM(日本実験棟)上での微生物と生命材料となり得る有機化合物の天体間の移動の可能性の検討と微小隕石の検出および解析実験を提案する.我々は,超低密度エアロゲルを用いることで,微小隕石やその他の微粒子を捕集することが可能であると考えている.低軌道上で超低密度エアロゲルを一定期間曝露することで宇宙空間で微粒子を捕集する.エアロゲル表面と衝突トラックの顕微観察の後,エアロゲルの様々な解析を行う.衝突トラックの詳細な検討により,国際宇宙ステーション周辺のデブリのサイズと速度が明らかにできると期待される.エアロゲル中に残存した粒子に関して,鉱物学的,有機化学的,及び微生物学的な検討を行う.一方,宇宙環境下での微生物の生存可能性について検討するため,微生物を直接宇宙空間に曝露する実験も行う.同様に,宇宙環境下での有機化合物の変性の可能性を検討するため,有機化合物の宇宙空間への直接曝露実験も行う.これらの実験を行うための装置はすべて受動的な装置であり,そのための装置の基本構造,装置回収後の解析法も,既に確立されている.

著者

山岸 明彦 河口 優子 横堀 伸一 橋本 博文 矢野 創 今井 栄一 田端 誠 小林 憲正 三田 肇

出版者

一般社団法人 日本航空宇宙学会

雑誌

日本航空宇宙学会誌 (ISSN:00214663)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.66, no.6, pp.173-179, 2018-06-05 (Released:2018-06-05)

参考文献数

27

被引用文献数

1

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「たんぽぽ計画」では国際宇宙ステーション(ISS)曝露部で微生物を採集することによって,この高度での微生物の存在可能性を検討する.また,微生物が宇宙空間で,どの程度の時間生存できるのかを,微生物を宇宙環境に曝露することによって調べる.生命の起原以前に,宇宙空間で合成された有機物が宇宙塵とともに地球に飛来した可能性がある.そこで,ISS上で宇宙塵の採集を行い,有機物を解析する.地球周辺には,スペースデブリが多量に蓄積している.本計画ではそのモニターも行う.これらの実験のために0.01g/cm3という超低密度のエアロゲルを開発した.これは今後の宇宙における様々な高速衝突微粒子採集に利用可能である.曝露試料は1年間,2年間,3年間曝露の後に地上に持ち帰り解析する.すでに,1年目と2年目の試料が地上に帰還して分析が行われている.1年間曝露した微生物の生存が確認された.