著者

及川 久遠

出版者

一般社団法人 日本科学教育学会

雑誌

日本科学教育学会研究会研究報告 (ISSN:18824684)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, no.8, pp.19-22, 2020-05-23 (Released:2020-05-20)

参考文献数

7

---

高等学校の数学の中で「行列」という単元は特徴的なものの1つである.初めて単元として扱われたのは1973年度(昭和48年度)施行の学習指導要領であるが,そのときは「数学一般」という科目にあった内容の「ベクトルと行列」であり,数学一般と数学Iから1科目を選択する選択必修であった.したがって,多くの高校生が行列を学習するようになったのは次の学習指導要領であるといってよい.その後,数学と理科が1年先行した2012年度(平成24年度)施行の学習指導要領で「行列」という内容(単元)がなくなるまで約40年にわたり高等学校の数学で教えられていた.実はまったく無くなったわけではなく,同年に創設された「数学活用」という科目の中で簡単ではあるが扱われている.次期学習指導要領においても同様の扱いになり,単元としての「行列」の復活を望む声は届くことはなかった.本稿では,「数学一般」から「数学活用」までの教科書を参照しながら,次期学習指導要領に向けてこれまで行われてきた行列の教育の特徴について再確認する.

著者

木村 優里

出版者

一般社団法人 日本科学教育学会

雑誌

科学教育研究 (ISSN:03864553)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.41, no.4, pp.398-415, 2017 (Released:2018-01-30)

参考文献数

26

被引用文献数

3

---

In science education research so far, a kind of dichotomy between science experts and the lay public has often been popularly presupposed, and little attention has been paid to those in between, who continue to engage in scientific practices after finishing their schooling as non-professional scientists. They can be called ‘amateur scientists’, and are the target of this study. The purpose of this study is to explore possible or probable factors (internal motivation and socio-cultural contexts) by which amateur scientists can continue to commit themselves to their scientific practices, and generate a hypothetical model of these factors and their interrelationships. In order to tackle this issue, investigations were made to identify the motivations of amateur scientists and the socio-cultural factors around them through a semi-structured interview (using the Modified-Grounded Theory Approach). A hypothetical model was then generated, explaining the reasons why these amateur scientists could continue to devote themselves to their favorite scientific practices.

著者

下井倉 ともみ 土橋 一仁 松本 伸示

出版者

一般社団法人 日本科学教育学会

雑誌

科学教育研究 (ISSN:03864553)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, no.4, pp.238-247, 2014 (Released:2015-01-19)

参考文献数

16

被引用文献数

6

---

Several studies have revealed that most students not majoring in science at the Faculty of Elementary Education are not confident to teach science at elementary school. We conducted a questionnaire survey to 1815 such students at 15 universities in Japan. The purpose of this survey was to investigate what they expect from university and what would be the most effective education in order to improve their confidence. The survey revealed that (1) the students only have confidence in teaching biology, but (2) not other scientific subjects covered at elementary school, and (3) they are especially reluctant to teach physics and chemistry. These results indicate that a comprehensive curriculum at university covering all science subjects taught at elementary school is needed to improve their confidence.

著者

岡本 紗知

出版者

一般社団法人 日本科学教育学会

雑誌

科学教育研究 (ISSN:03864553)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.44, no.1, pp.14-29, 2020 (Released:2020-04-11)

参考文献数

24

---

The purpose of this research is to determine how stereotypical views of the sciences and humanities are formed among university students. Thirty undergraduate or graduated students were semi-structurally interviewed, and the collected data were analyzed by the modified grounded-theory approach (M-GTA). The analysis revealed that, prior to the formation of stereotypical views, students first recognized their aptitudes for one of two categories: sciences or humanities. Once they established their aptitudes, they started to recognize those who were in the opposite category. When they encountered “ideal figures” in such categories, they unconsciously extracted some features and regarded them as common features shared among those in such categories. These common characteristics were further interpreted based on their own views and beliefs, which essentially led to forming stereotypical views. This study suggests that the stereotypical views of the sciences and humanities are not universal; they are gradually formed in parallel with students’ constant struggle to navigate themselves during countless decisions for academic and career planning.

著者

三宅 なほみ 大島 純 益川 弘如

出版者

一般社団法人 日本科学教育学会

雑誌

科学教育研究 (ISSN:03864553)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, no.2, pp.43-53, 2014 (Released:2014-09-11)

参考文献数

41

被引用文献数

1

---

This manuscript aims to introduce a discipline called the learning sciences to readers of this journal. Naomi Miyake spent years in the graduate program at UC San Diego in 1980s, was involved in the emergence of cognitive science and has expanded her basic research toward classroom practices. Jun Oshima spent years in 1990s as a graduate student at the University of Toronto to work on how computers can support students’ knowledge building in the classroom and has continued lesson studies in Japan. The two researchers had three meetings to talk about their research field. Their conversation was structured as a story line by Hiroyuki Masukawa. First, it starts with Miyake’s talk about how the cognitive science emerged and came to be related to the learning sciences. Second, Oshima describes his experience to be in the vortex of the emergence of the learning sciences and research projects in the 90s. Third, the talk continues to discuss more deeply a disciplinary issue of how we treat human learning in the learning sciences. Finally, we wrap up our talk by summarizing the future of this discipline and how we will approach collaboration with practitioners and other stakeholders in education.

著者

中村 大輝 藤原 聖輝 石飛 幹晴 川崎 弘作 小林 和雄 小林 優子 三浦 広大 雲財 寛

出版者

一般社団法人 日本科学教育学会

雑誌

科学教育研究 (ISSN:03864553)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, no.2, pp.137-154, 2023 (Released:2023-07-08)

参考文献数

124

---

The purpose of this study was to derive the types, characteristics, historical evolution, and issues for future research on assessment methods of understanding of the Nature of Science (NOS). The assessment methods for NOS understanding were extracted from an article database, and 69 assessment methods were identified. These assessment methods differed in response format and subjects, and there was some bias in the elements measured. Finally, we summarized issues for future research from the three viewpoints of “What should be assessed as NOS understanding,” “What methods should be used for assessment,” and “What is the purpose of assessment”.

著者

松本 伸示 北浦 隆生

出版者

一般社団法人 日本科学教育学会

雑誌

科学教育研究 (ISSN:03864553)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, no.3, pp.220-228, 1999-06-30 (Released:2017-06-30)

参考文献数

12

---

It is said that biological education in today's high school has many problems. The purpose of this paper is to explain the existence of those problems, and to search for possible clues for solving them. For the purpose of achieving this goal, an analysis was made of the historical transition of biological education since the Second World War. The materials that were analyzed include sets of the course of study and textbooks used in each period. The characteristics of a particular course of study in each period were extracted through this analysis. The following characteristics of biological education in Japan became clear from the analysis : 1. The basic structure of high school biological education contents has not changed since the curriculum movement of science education ; 2. The basic concepts which have been used in biological education have been retained ; 3. There was some old-fashioned content as a result of the introduction of too little new content of biology in recent years ; and 4. A serious problem exists in the biological education content structure due to the elimination of content as a result of revisions made in the courses of study.

著者

中村 大輝 田村 智哉 小林 誠 永田 さくら 大森 一磨 大野 俊一 堀田 晃毅 松浦 拓也

出版者

一般社団法人 日本科学教育学会

雑誌

科学教育研究 (ISSN:03864553)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.44, no.4, pp.215-233, 2020 (Released:2021-02-05)

参考文献数

65

---

This study aims to determine the expected effect size of intervention studies in science lessons through meta-analysis. Intervention studies were collected from education-center websites in every Japanese prefecture to calculate the average effect size and examine the moderation effect. The results of the quantitative analysis showed that the mean effect size of multi-valued items was g=0.594 [0.557, 0.630] (k=626, N=9122). The moderator analysis revealed relatively low effect sizes for learning in the geology domain, and differences in effect size for various types of academic indicators. In addition, we provided basic statistics to help determine the sample size needed for future studies.

著者

海野 桃子 安藤 秀俊

出版者

一般社団法人 日本科学教育学会

雑誌

日本科学教育学会研究会研究報告 (ISSN:18824684)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, no.1, pp.99-102, 2007 (Released:2018-04-07)

参考文献数

17

---

現在,理科の自由研究は,学校における理科教育の一端として広く行われている。しかし,学習指導要領においては,明確に記されてはおらず,自由研究の歴史的背景や今日までの経緯についてはあまり知られていない。そこで本研究では,理科の自由研究の明治時代から現在までの流れと教師の役割などについてまとめた。更に附属小学校の児童に自由研究についての好き嫌い,楽しさ,頑張り,やる気などのアンケート調査を行った。

著者

中村 大輝 雲財 寛 松浦 拓也

出版者

一般社団法人 日本科学教育学会

雑誌

科学教育研究 (ISSN:03864553)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.45, no.2, pp.215-233, 2021 (Released:2021-07-16)

参考文献数

58

---

The purpose of this study is to redevelop the Need for Cognition Scale in Science Education (NCSE) and provide basic data for its application. We define NCSE as the intrinsic tendency that allows one to engage in and enjoy cognitive activities; these are scientific inquiries through observation and experimentation. This study is divided into four parts. In Study 1, we conducted a questionnaire survey on 1,875 elementary and junior high school students and clarified the structure of the scale based on item response theory (IRT). Several IRT model fits were compared, and finally, we identified the characteristics of each question item based on the graded response model (GRM). In Study 2, we verified the validity and accuracy of NCSE. In addition, we showed that there was no differential item functioning (DIF) of gender. In Study 3, we examined gender and grade differences. We found that NCSE tended to be higher in males than in females and may decrease as the grade progresses. In Study 4, we divided the questionnaire into two groups based on item parameters estimated in Study 1. These two sets, known as the horizontal test, will contribute to future investigations using the pre-post design approach.

著者

加納 圭 後藤 崇志 塩瀬 隆之

出版者

一般社団法人 日本科学教育学会

雑誌

科学教育研究 (ISSN:03864553)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.44, no.2, pp.77-85, 2020 (Released:2020-07-09)

参考文献数

24

---

Of recent, cross-curricular education has achieved greater importance. The present research aimed to obtain the psychometric properties of the nationwide achievement assessments on science, reading and mathematic literacy by analyzing the response data provided by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology in Japan. The data includes all of the sixth grade (1,066,295) students in Japan in the 2018 academic year. We randomly picked up 500,000 students from the data set. The results of a factor analysis showed that the science assessment test might be assessing a combination of reading skills, mathematics skills and scientific skills, although the reading and mathematics test assessed each skill specifically. To obtain a more detailed picture, we compared the correct answer rates among 4 groups of students; the higher-scientific-higher-reading skills group, the higher-scientific-lower-reading skills group, the lower-scientific-higher-reading skills group and the lower-scientific-lower-reading skills group. The results suggested that all questions in the science assessment tests required reading skills. Moreover, in some questions, reading skills could complement scientific skills to answer them. These results suggest that we should be careful when dealing with the science assessment test; instead of just using the answer rate as the index of scientific skills, it would be better to use a weighted factor score in order to find out more about students’ achievements by assessing three skills independently.

著者

礒田 正美

出版者

一般社団法人 日本科学教育学会

雑誌

日本科学教育学会年会論文集 45 (ISSN:21863628)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.37-40, 2021 (Released:2021-12-20)

参考文献数

6

---

乗数・被乗数の順序問題は,各国教育課程設計上の問題である.本稿の目的は,今日の学校数学が基盤とする西洋数学において,かけ算の式の見方,乗数・被乗数の順序にかかる変更,逆転が,歴史上,いかなる形で現れたのか,そのルーツを特定し,その設計に際しての論拠を示すことにある.そのために本稿では,筆算と文字式導入の歴史に注目し,その導入にかかる主要原典であるFibonacci (1202), Reisch (1504), Descartes (1637), Oughtred(1656, 1694)を参照し,そのルーツを特定した.原因は,筆算に対する文字式表現の導入後に筆算に式の演算記号が導入されたことであり,その際,九九の倍数詞読みを止め,式にあわせて筆算を書くように規約を変えたこと,算術としての筆算が,式を演算とみなし式の値を得る算法として筆算を用いる算術に変わったことに起因する.

著者

岡本 紗知

出版者

一般社団法人 日本科学教育学会

雑誌

科学教育研究 (ISSN:03864553)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.44, no.3, pp.198-207, 2020 (Released:2020-10-10)

参考文献数

17

---

The division of science and humanities sometimes generates conflicts in our community. To identify a possible gap between the two areas, I conducted research to elucidate how university students define science and humanities. Forty-two undergraduate/graduate students were administered a semi-structured interview, and the collected data were analyzed by qualitative data analysis software. The analysis discovered 7 distinct categories that divided science and humanities: “target of interest”, “skill”, “nature of knowledge production”, “direction of knowledge production”, “process of thinking”, “starting point of thinking”, and “end point of thinking.” “Process of thinking” was the most popular category; however, considerable diversity existed among students’ views. These categorizations also suggested their non-negligible association with ontologies, epistemologies, and methodologies adopted in academic disciplines. Further analysis revealed that science was associated with positivism, monism, empiricism, and rationalism, whereas the humanities were linked to interpretivism and pluralism.

著者

平田 昭雄 杉山 健太郎 高根沢 伸友

出版者

一般社団法人 日本科学教育学会

雑誌

日本科学教育学会年会論文集 21 (ISSN:21863628)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.243-244, 1997 (Released:2018-05-16)

参考文献数

5

---

東京都内に存住の小学校第5学年児童に質問紙法による調査を実施し, 当該学年段階の児童においては, 1)教科書等に「昆虫」と明記されているもののみが「昆虫」で, それ以外は「(ただの)むし」という誤概念;2)「昆虫の条件」を完全に満たすもののみが「昆虫」で, 満たさない小動物は「むし」(「昆虫」ではない)という素朴概念;3)いわゆる害虫は「昆虫」ではなく「むし」であるという誤概念;4)昆虫の幼虫は「幼虫」であって「昆虫」でも「むし」でもないというオルタナティブな昆虫概念;等が形成されている可能性を明らかにした.

著者

小川 正賢

出版者

一般社団法人 日本科学教育学会

雑誌

日本科学教育学会研究会研究報告 (ISSN:18824684)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, no.5, pp.27-30, 2018 (Released:2018-04-07)

参考文献数

7

---

国際比較調査の結果が公表されると東アジア地域に混じって北欧フィンランドの好成績が注目をあびてきた.ところで,その影に隠れてはいるが,継続して理科で好成績を挙げている国にバルト三国の小国エストニアがある.旧ソ連の崩壊によって 1990 年代に独立したバルト三国(エストニア,ラトビア,リトアニア)の中で,エストニアだけがとびぬけて理科の成績が良好である.いったいその原因はどこにあるのだろうか.そのような問題意識から,本論では,従来あまり紹介されてこなかったエストニアの理科教育事情,理科教師教育事情を概観する.

著者

木村 優里

出版者

一般社団法人 日本科学教育学会

雑誌

科学教育研究 (ISSN:03864553)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.41, no.4, pp.398-415, 2017

---

<p>In science education research so far, a kind of dichotomy between science experts and the lay public has often been popularly presupposed, and little attention has been paid to those in between, who continue to engage in scientific practices after finishing their schooling as non-professional scientists. They can be called 'amateur scientists', and are the target of this study. The purpose of this study is to explore possible or probable factors (internal motivation and socio-cultural contexts) by which amateur scientists can continue to commit themselves to their scientific practices, and generate a hypothetical model of these factors and their interrelationships. In order to tackle this issue, investigations were made to identify the motivations of amateur scientists and the socio-cultural factors around them through a semi-structured interview (using the Modified-Grounded Theory Approach). A hypothetical model was then generated, explaining the reasons why these amateur scientists could continue to devote themselves to their favorite scientific practices.</p>

著者

平田 豊誠 片井 ふく実 小川 博士

出版者

一般社団法人 日本科学教育学会

雑誌

日本科学教育学会年会論文集 44 (ISSN:21863628)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.461-462, 2020 (Released:2020-11-27)

参考文献数

7

---

河床堆積物の上流から下流にかけての細粒化の成因について,流水による砂礫の選択運搬作用が支配的要因だという説(選択運搬説)と流送砂礫の破砕・摩耗作用が支配的要因だという説(破砕・磨耗説)の2つの対立する要因があげられている.本研究では教員がそのどちらに依った認識を保持しているかの実態調査を行った.その結果,礫の粒径分布成因の認識は破砕・摩耗作用が優位を占め,要因として大きいと考えられている選択運搬作用があまり重要視されていないことが推察された.

著者

熊倉 啓之

出版者

一般社団法人 日本科学教育学会

雑誌

日本科学教育学会年会論文集 (ISSN:21863628)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.307-310, 2020 (Released:2020-11-27)

参考文献数

26

---

本研究は,海外における割合指導に関する先行研究を分析し,日本の割合指導との違いを明らかにして,今後の割合指導の改善への示唆を得ることを目的とする.まず,海外の割合指導に関する先行研究を,(1)パーセントの概念に関する研究,(2)パーセントの理解を支援する図等に関する研究,(3)パーセント問題の解決と指導に関する研究,の3点に焦点を当てて分析した.分析の結果,日本の割合指導との違いに基づく指導改善への示唆として,(1)パーセントを分数と関連付ける,(2)100マス図を活用する,(3)帰一法等による方法を扱う,の3つの示唆を得た.

著者

野口 大介

出版者

一般社団法人 日本科学教育学会

雑誌

科学教育研究 (ISSN:03864553)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.45, no.3, pp.364-366, 2021 (Released:2021-10-05)

参考文献数

14

著者

冨田 真永

出版者

一般社団法人 日本科学教育学会

雑誌

日本科学教育学会年会論文集 43 (ISSN:21863628)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.231-234, 2019 (Released:2020-07-31)

参考文献数

1

被引用文献数

1

---

本稿の目的は,批判的思考に基づく仮説検定の考え方の指導のあり方を明らかにすることである.初めに,柗元(2018)の「統計的問題解決における批判的思考の働き」の表をもとに,不確実な事象の起こりやすさに着目して問題解決を行う際に働きうる批判的思考とPPDACサイクルとの関係を考察し,3つの活動を提案した.授業実践を通して検証した結果,仮説検定において重要な「確率事象と見なすこと」や「まれと判断する基準」に着目する上で批判的思考が有効に働き,仮説検定の考え方の理解を深める要因になることが明らかになった.