著者
水口 暢章 彼末 一之
出版者
公益社団法人 計測自動制御学会
雑誌
計測と制御 (ISSN:04534662)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.56, no.8, pp.568-572, 2017-08-10 (Released:2017-08-19)
参考文献数
27
被引用文献数
5
著者
赤澤 堅造 奥野 竜平 金 寛 彼末 一之
出版者
大阪大学
雑誌
萌芽研究
巻号頁・発行日
2002

近年,筋萎縮性側索硬化症,運動ニューロン病など,進行性で,かつ死に至る神経・筋系疾患が多く見られ,その診断,治療のため運動ニューン個数・サイズ分布の計測手法の開発が非常に強く望まれている.本研究では,等尺性随意収縮時の筋電信号を用いて,運動ニューロンの個数およびサイズ分布を推定する新しい理論を提唱し,筋電信号発生のモデルの構築とモデル解析により,推定法の妥当性と推定誤差を明らかにし,臨床診断への適用可能性を示すことを目的とした.本研究では,運動ニューロンの個数およびサイズを推定を以下の通り遂行した.(1)筋電信号発生モデルの構築サイズの異なる多数の運動ニユーロンからなる筋電信号発生のモデルを構築する。運動ニューロンのパルス発射パタンを与えて、筋電信号(時系列信号)をモデルにより作成した。(2)運動単位発火周波数の計測独立成分分析を用いた運動単位活動波形のデコンポジションプログラムの開発を行った.等尺性収縮時の多チャンネル筋電位信号を対象とし,運動単位の同定と運動単位発火周波数を算出した.その結果,収縮レベルの増加に伴い,運動単位発火周波数が増加することを示した.
著者
信岡 沙希重 樋口 貴俊 中田 大貴 小川 哲也 加藤 孝基 中川 剣人 土江 寛裕 礒 繁雄 彼末 一之
出版者
一般社団法人 日本体育・スポーツ・健康学会
雑誌
体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.60, no.2, pp.497-510, 2015 (Released:2015-12-18)
参考文献数
36
被引用文献数
5 4

The aim of this study was to clarify the relationship between maximal running speed, step frequency, step frequency index, step length, step length index, foot contact time, and aerial time during sprinting in elementary school children. The participants were 335 girls and 352 boys (age: 6 to 12 years) who ran a 50-m sprint race as part of their school fitness test in 2013. Their maximal running speed, step frequency, and step length were calculated from images captured by video cameras (60 frames/second) located at the sides of the lanes. Contact time and aerial time over the distance from 20 m to 30 m were calculated from images captured by high-speed video cameras (300 frames/second) located at the side of the 25-m mark for the lanes. Two-way ANOVA with the Games-Howell procedure was used to test differences among all grades. Two-way ANCOVA was used to test interaction and the main effect of gender and grade on maximal running speed. The Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient (r) and partial correlation coefficient (pr) were calculated to analyze the relationship between maximal running speed, step frequency, stride length, foot contact time, and aerial time. Step length (which was strongly correlated with maximal running speed) showed a strong partial correlation (controlled for age) with maximal running speed. Therefore, it is suggested that step length contributes to not only the increase in running speed with growth, but also individual differences in running speed among the children at the same age. There were slight tendencies for step frequency and foot contact time to increase with growth. However, these factors showed a significant partial correlation (controlled for age) with running speed. Therefore, it was suggested that these factors contribute to individual differences in running speed. The absence of a negative impact of a shorter foot contact time on stride length suggests that the running performance of school children could be improved by decreasing their foot contact time. In order to establish effective methods for augmenting the development of running ability in children, it will be necessary to consider foot contact time and aerial time in addition to step frequency and step length.
著者
永見 智行 木村 康宏 彼末 一之 矢内 利政
出版者
一般社団法人 日本体育・スポーツ・健康学会
雑誌
体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.16021, (Released:2016-08-29)
参考文献数
25
被引用文献数
4 5

In this study, we analyzed the kinematic characteristics of various types of baseball pitches by elite baseball pitchers, and tested a null hypothesis that “no type of pitch has the same kinematic characteristics as another.”  A high-speed video camera was used to record the initial trajectory of the pitched ball thrown by 84 skilled baseball pitchers. Each pitcher was asked to throw all the different types of pitch he would use in competition and practice, and to self-declare the type of pitch used for each throw. The kinematic characteristics of each pitched ball were analyzed as ball speed, the direction of the spin axis, and the spin rate. A custom-made device was used to analyze the direction of the spin axis and the spin rate, and the ball speed was measured with a radar gun. One-way ANOVA with the Games-Howell post hoc test was used to test the hypothesis.  The total of 364 pitches were categorized into 11 self-declared pitch types. Four of 10 pitch types thrown by more than one pitcher - the four-seam fastball, slider, curveball and cutter - had unique kinematic characteristic distinct from all of the other pitch types. No significant differences were found in any of the kinematic parameters between 1) changeup and sinker, 2) forkball and split-fingered fastball, and 3) two-seam fastball and shoot ball. Therefore, the hypothesis was retained for these three pairs of pitch types: although they were kinematically similar, the pitchers categorized them as different types.  When the breaking ball was compared with the four-seam fastball, they were classifiable into three types: 1) pitches with a slower ball speed and lower spin rate with a different direction of spin axis (changeup, sinker, forkball and split-fingered fastball), 2) pitches with a slower ball speed, different direction of the spin axis and a spin rate comparable to the four-seam fastball (slider, curveball and cutter), and 3) pitches with a comparable ball speed, similar spin axis direction, and lower spin rate (two-seam fastball and shoot ball). These data revealed that the kinematic characteristics of some pitch types are quite different from those described in baseball coaching handbooks.
著者
永見 智行 小宮山 悟 彼末 一之 諸星 潤 大室 康平 茶川 剛史 勝亦 陽一 氏原 洋輔 子安 大士 前川 仁
出版者
一般社団法人 日本機械学会
雑誌
ジョイント・シンポジウム講演論文集:スポーツ工学シンポジウム:シンポジウム:ヒューマン・ダイナミックス
巻号頁・発行日
vol.2008, pp.108-111, 2008
被引用文献数
1 1

The authors have recently developed a system for analyzing the spin on a baseball (Koseki et al., 2007). In the present study we analyzed the spin pitched by a professional pitcher. He pitched eight different pitches, each twice, from official pitching mound. The image of ball in the period from just before to 500 ms after the ball release was taken with a high speed video camera at 1000 fps. English alphabets E, M, A, and I were marked on the ball for image processing. Feature points from the image stream were assembled into a set of linear equations that represents orientation change between consecutive two frames by rotation matrix R, and the direction of spin axis and spin rate were obtained. Both values varied considerably depending on pitches. The recording of spin was suggested to be valuable for training if the data could be combined with those of motion analysis.
著者
鈴木 康介 後藤 悠太 欠畑 岳 彼末 一之
出版者
一般社団法人 日本体育学会
雑誌
体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.18007, (Released:2019-04-18)
参考文献数
46

This study was performed to devise an instructional program for children who were not good at sprinting and to verify the program’s effectiveness for improvement of sprinting ability and motion. The participants were 19 upper grade elementary school children who were not good at sprinting. The program included 2 drills with some teaching devices and running on flat markers. The children attended the program for 8 days (2 days per week) and each lesson lasted an hour. In order to validate the program outcome, sprint time (50 m), interval speed (every 10 m), average speed, maximal speed, rate of speed decline, interval and average step frequency and step length were analyzed, and sprint motions were evaluated. The results were as follows: 1) Most of the children’s 50 m times were below the national average. This suggested that their negative feelings toward sprinting resulted from the realization that they were unable to run as fast as other children. 2) The children’s sprint times were improved after the program, and a significant correlation between pre-time and post-pre time was revealed. It was also found that the greater the increase in the children’s step frequency, the faster their sprint times became. These results suggest that sprinting instruction allows low-performing children to increase their step frequency and improve their sprint times. 3) The main aim of the program was to improve children’s sprint motions in the mid sprint phase, and the participants practiced start motions only twice during the program. As a result, speeds from the start to 10 m, 20-50 m, and maximum speed were increased significantly by this practice, suggesting that significant changes of speed led to improvement of the sprint times. 4) Participants became able to swing back their leg under their body and to make contact with the ground with the middle or front of the foot. Therefore it was considered that the drills and running on flat markers with teaching devices were valuable for improving the children’s sprint motions. 5) Although the scissors-like leg motion was not improved by practice with a color board and bells, the kneefolding motion of the swing leg did appear to be improved. Therefore, the children seemed to acquire basic skill in more rapid scissors-like leg motion. These results suggest that our instructional program was effective in enabling children to improve their sprinting ability and motion. However, additional research focusing on aspects such as the relationship between sprinting ability and sprint motion, or individual feelings and motor competency in the context of sprinting, will be needed.
著者
彼末 一之
出版者
早稲田大学
雑誌
挑戦的萌芽研究
巻号頁・発行日
2010

野球の投手が投じるボールの回転は投球のパフォーマンスに大きく影響すると考えられるが,これを決定する身体動作は明らかになっていない.そこで申請者は高速度ビデオカメラを用いて手,指の動作とボール回転を同時に測定するシステムを開発し,手,指の動きとボール回転との関係,ボールの"ノビ"を表す物理的性質について検討した.その結果,リリース直前に指の動作は,直球の回転速度に強く影響することが分かった.また“ノビ"が良いとされる投手の投じる直球は回転速度が高く,回転軸角度が純粋なバックスピンに近いものであった.
著者
藤江 正克 藤本 浩史 彼末 一之 王 碩玉 高杉 紳一郎 小林 洋 安藤 健
出版者
早稲田大学
雑誌
基盤研究(A)
巻号頁・発行日
2011-04-01

超高齢社会の到来に伴い,動作支援ロボットに対する社会的ニーズは急速に拡大している.しかし,動作支援ロボットでは,支援する関節・筋の生体情報のみを利用してロボットの動作を決定しているため,全身協調運動に与える影響は十分に検討されていない.本研究では,ロボット使用者の全身の動作が協調されることが可能なロボットの制御則の構築に向け,課題を大きく以下の3つに分けて取り組んだ.(1)ヒトの全身協調動作モデルの構築,(2)生活動作における被介助者の全身動作の最適化,(3)介助ロボットの動作生成.そして,用途の異なる複数のロボット対し上記の3つの課題に基づき,全身協調動作を誘発するロボットの開発を目指した.
著者
彼末 一之
出版者
早稲田大学
雑誌
萌芽研究
巻号頁・発行日
2006

温度に関係した感覚は「熱い・冷たい」という温度感覚と、「暑い・寒い」という温熱的快・不快感(快適感)に区別され、またそれぞれ全身の感覚と局所感覚がある。本年度は皮膚温と温熱的感覚の関係性を調べることを目的として、まず皮膚温、局所的温度感覚・快適感をコンピュータの人体模型上に再現するシステム(データ可視化システム)を開発した。全身50箇所から皮膚温を熱電対にて、25箇所から熱流量を熱流センサーにて30秒毎に測定した.一方全身的温度感覚・快適感、局所的温度感覚・快適感(25箇所)はスライダックの並んだパネル板(Fig.2)を使って随時被験者に申告させた。データ可視化システムではこのようにして得られた皮膚温、局所的感覚のデータをコンピューター上の人体模型に色を用いて表示した(Fig.3)。本システムの有用性を確かめるため、環境温を23℃(80分)→28℃(80分)→33℃(80分)と変化させ被験者男性3名、女性3名による実験を行った。環境温23℃の時、皮膚温は末梢において著明に低下し、冷たさによる不快感は特に足部において強かった。環境温を33℃にすると末梢と体幹部における皮膚温の差は小さくなった。頭部と体幹部の皮膚温の変化はよく似ていたが、暑さによる不快感は体幹部よりも頭部において強かった。このような皮膚温・感覚の全身分布、その変化を把握する上でデータ可視化システムは非常に有用であった。全身の皮膚温分布を調べるためにサーモグラフィーが用いられることが多いが、露出していない部位やカメラが正面からとらえられない部位の皮膚温は正しく測定できない。データ可視化システムは衣服着用下でも全身の正確な皮膚温を人体モデル上に再現することができ、また同じ人体モデル上に感覚のデータも示すことが可能である。