著者

赤沢 学

出版者

一般社団法人 日本臨床薬理学会

雑誌

臨床薬理 (ISSN:03881601)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.41, no.5, pp.245-252, 2010 (Released:2010-11-25)

参考文献数

18

被引用文献数

2 1

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A number of new vaccines for preventable diseases such as meningitis and cervical cancer are getting available for Japanese children. However, those vaccines are categorized as voluntary vaccination and their costs should be paid by recipients. Therefore, high cost is a barrier for access to the preventive care. In addition, subsidiary by local governments causes their regional disparities. On the other hand, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) in the United States recognizes importance of economic analyses in establishing policy for addition of new vaccines to routine immunization schedules. The ACIP publishes guidance for health economic studies to ensure that high quality economic data are presented in a standard format. In this study, a critical review of economic analyses for childhood vaccine programs in Japan was conducted. Six original studies that included varicella, mumps, Hib (haemophilus influenza type B), pneumococcal disease and human papillomavirus vaccines were identified by a systematic literature review. The results of all studies suggested that these new vaccines should be included to routine immunization schedules because expected benefits would outweigh additional costs of vaccines. However, according to the check lists recommended by ACIP guideline, these studies utilized various sources of cost information and calculated opportunity costs differently. Some studies did not consider discounting of future costs. Therefore, direct comparisons between studies were very difficult. Economic analyses to evaluate the priority of vaccine programs should follow a standard method to increase comparability and quality of studies.

著者

川村 香織 中野 翔太 庄野 あい子 赤沢 学

出版者

日本社会薬学会

雑誌

社会薬学 (ISSN:09110585)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, no.2, pp.128-131, 2015-12-10 (Released:2015-12-25)

参考文献数

8

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Introduction: A new role for community pharmacists is to perform educational activities related to tobacco, alcohol, and drug abuse. It is important to consider schoolchildren and provide classes targeted to this age group. However, it is difficult for community pharmacists to provide these classes for students because they have few chances to gauge what students understand. Therefore, we explored a better way for community pharmacists to deliver their classes. Methods: We provided a “drug safety” class, which encouraged 9-12-year-old students at primary school to resist tobacco, alcohol, and drug abuse. To prepare for the class, we held several discussions with the primary school teachers. We incorporated their advice and comments into our slides and skit for the class. Their points and our process of preparation for the class are shown. Results: Three important points were identified in our discussions with the teachers. I. We should consider delivering an interactive class for the children, so they could participate in a skit and quizzes, instead of a one-sided talk from the teacher. II. We should use pictures and examples that are visually simple for children. III. We should take parents who smoke and drink into consideration. Discussion: There is an increase in opportunities for community pharmacists to contribute to classes about tobacco, alcohol, and drug abuse at schools because of the importance of encouraging children to resist tobacco, alcohol, and drug abuse. It is important for pharmacists to consult with teachers to recognize the needs of students in their classes. The community pharmacists could then ensure their classes met the school and schoolteachers’ needs by using their experience in educational activities.

著者

赤沢 学

出版者

一般社団法人 日本内科学会

雑誌

日本内科学会雑誌 (ISSN:00215384)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.104, no.11, pp.2343-2350, 2015-11-10 (Released:2016-11-10)

参考文献数

10

被引用文献数

1 1

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肺炎球菌ワクチンの接種率向上は,高齢者の医療費を抑制するためにも重要な政策目標である.そのため,65歳以上の高齢者を対象にした定期接種化が実現された.これは,臨床的,医療経済的検討からワクチンによる肺炎球菌感染症の費用削減効果が明らかとなった影響が大きい.一方,新しいワクチンの登場で,その使い分けが新たな問題となっている.費用対効果の実証研究に基づき,肺炎球菌ワクチンの効果をどう考えるべきか概説する.

著者

岩上 将夫 青木 事成 赤沢 学 石黒 智恵子 今井 志乃ぶ 大場 延浩 草間 真紀子 小出 大介 後藤 温 小林 典弘 佐藤 泉美 中根 早百合 宮崎 真 久保田 潔

出版者

一般社団法人 日本薬剤疫学会

雑誌

薬剤疫学 (ISSN:13420445)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, no.2, pp.140-143, 2018-09-20 (Released:2018-11-05)

著者

此村 恵子 森井 康博 赤沢 学

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.142, no.4, pp.413-420, 2022-04-01 (Released:2022-04-01)

参考文献数

17

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Pharmacists play a key role in optimizing the safe and effective use of medicines in the super-aged society in Japan. Recently, community pharmacists' role has been transformed and expanded to provide patient-centered care. This study aimed to simulate a change in the demand for community pharmacists resulting from this shift in their role, from 2019 to 2035. The change in demand was estimated by the number of prescriptions obtained from publicly available sources of information. The number of required community pharmacists was calculated separately for full-time and part-time pharmacists and the pharmacists engaged in home medical care. This number was calculated using the estimated demand, the number of prescriptions dispensed per day, and annual working days. We evaluated the effect of changes in the working conditions, which include changes in the dispensing process time, rate of part-time staff and their work time, and number of home medical care per day, on the number of community pharmacists. When the number of prescriptions dispensed per day was set at 19.8, the demand for community pharmacists was estimated as 188,314 in 2035. Furthermore, due to the changes in the working conditions, the demand is expected to change from 153,362 to 266,944. Although the increasing provision of drug information time leads to an increasing number of pharmacists, combining it with work efficiency services could prevent or decrease it. The optimal supply and demand balance of community pharmacists should be determined by both, promoting pharmaceutical care services and improving work efficiency.

著者

赤沢 学 今井 志乃ぶ

出版者

Japanese Society of Drug Informatics

雑誌

医薬品情報学 (ISSN:13451464)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, no.1, pp.N1-N4, 2015-05-30 (Released:2015-06-28)

参考文献数

2

著者

赤沢 学

出版者

日本社会薬学会

雑誌

社会薬学 (ISSN:09110585)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.1, pp.1, 2020-06-10 (Released:2020-07-01)

著者

此村 恵子 金井 紀仁 上田 彩 草間 真紀子 赤沢 学

出版者

一般社団法人 日本臨床薬理学会

雑誌

臨床薬理 (ISSN:03881601)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, no.5, pp.189-199, 2016-09-30 (Released:2016-12-16)

参考文献数

18

被引用文献数

1

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Objective: A policy survey regarding the development of hospital formulary and promotion of appropriate drug use in hospital settings was conducted.Methods: We have conducted a similar survey every five years since 2000 to monitor hospital policy changes. This year, we selected 500 hospitals with 200 or more beds from a list of 2,583 national hospitals for 2015. A stratified random sampling method was used to identify 250 hospitals that adopted the diagnosis procedure combination (DPC)-based payment system and those that did not (250 non-DPC hospitals). Questionnaires consisting of eight items were posted to individuals who had primary responsibility of drug management, during a study period from November 2015 to January 2016.Results: A total of 175 responses was returned (overall response rate 35%), with response rates of 42% for DPC hospitals and 28% for non-DPC hospitals (including general and mental hospitals). Inclusion of generic drugs in hospital formulary increased by 10 points from 10% in the 2010 survey. Approximately 85% of the hospitals developed their own formulary lists. According to the responses, the most important factors to select formulary drugs were effectiveness, safety, novelty, quality, formulation, price and cost-effectiveness. This trend was almost the same as that reported in the 2010 survey. Eighty-nine percent of DPC hospitals, 73% of general hospitals, and 45% of mental hospitals had specific criteria to select formulary drugs. Many hospitals reported that generic drugs were added to the formulary immediately after they became available in the market.Conclusion: The results of this survey suggested that many hospitals became more cost-conscious due to social pressure of cutting medical expenditure. The findings that many hospitals already developed formulary lists, had standardized formulary review process, and switched to generic drugs showed increased awareness of appropriate drug choices and uses. However, very few hospitals introduced cost-effectiveness analysis in the review process, and it might take time before this analysis becomes commonly used.

著者

下妻 晃二郎 能登 真一 齋藤 信也 五十嵐 中 白岩 健 福田 敬 坂巻 弘之 石田 博 後藤 玲子 児玉 聡 赤沢 学 池田 俊也 國澤 進 田倉 智之 冨田 奈穂子

出版者

立命館大学

雑誌

基盤研究(B)

巻号頁・発行日

2011-04-01

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経済状況の低迷が続く多くの先進国においては、公的医療資源の適切な配分は、費用対効果などの合理的な社会的価値判断に基づいて行われている。日本では従来そのような仕組みがなかったが、2016年度から、高額な医療用製品を対象に政策への施行的導入が予定されている。本研究では費用対効果分析による効率性の向上にむけて技術的課題の解決を図り、同時に、効率性の追求だけでは疎かになりがちな公平性の確保を図るために考慮すべき、倫理社会的要素の明確化とそれを政策において考慮する仕組み作りを検討した。