著者
ガルシア G.W. バプチステ Q.S. アドグワ A.O. 加国 雅和 有嶋 和義 牧田 登之
出版者
日本野生動物医学会
雑誌
日本野生動物医学会誌 (ISSN:13426133)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.5, no.1, pp.55-66, 2000
参考文献数
20
被引用文献数
1 14

ヨーロッパ人が入る前には南米, 中米およびカリブ海諸国の一部ではアグーチが重要な蛋白資源であった。最近トリニダード・トバゴではアグーチを飼育繁殖して食肉その他として利用するようになっている。飼育に重要な餌付けのために, 消化器官の解剖学的知見が必要であるが, これまでの文献は, 数少なくまた, 胃, 腸など個々の部分について述べているので, 本報では全体を概観して口腔, 食道, 胃, 小腸, 大腸, 各部分の構造と長さおよび相対的重量を記載した。材料はトリニダード島南部のハンターから入手した10頭のアグーチを用いた。現場で採材後凍結し, 解剖はそれを解凍して行った。歯式は1013/(1013)=20で, 犬歯と前臼歯の間隙が広い。食道は長さ15.4cm, 直径0.5cm位で, 胃の長さは平均13.8cmであった。小腸の長さは全体で700±124cmであった。十二指腸と空腸の直径は1.4cmで回腸の直径は0.4cmであった。大腸のなかで特徴的なのは盲腸でその頭部の直径は4.2±0.8cm, 尾部の直径は2.4±0.4cmと太く, 胃よりやや小さい程度で, 盲腸の長さは平均22.5cmであった。結腸の直径は近位部は2.4±0.9cmとやや太いが遠位部は1.3±0.4cmと細くなっており, これは直腸とほぼ同じ太さである。結腸と直腸の長さは117±2.5cm。肛門腺が一対みられ, 長さ1.8〜3.0cm, 幅1.3〜1.8cm, 重さ1.3〜3.5gであった。左側の腺の方が右側よりも重い。アグーチは小腸が長いのが特徴で, 絨毛の密度の比較解剖学の材料に好適である。今後の盲腸, 肛門腺の比較解剖学的研究にも役立つであろう。
著者
ブロシェイ ネルソン ハフマン M.A
出版者
日本霊長類学会
雑誌
霊長類研究 Supplement
巻号頁・発行日
vol.34, pp.71-72, 2018

<p>Human studies have revealed salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) enzyme levels are positively correlated with the release of the hormone norepinephrine, allowing sAA to act as a biomarker for sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity. The SNS is associated with the fight-or-flight response and is a separate but parallel stress response system to the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Recent non-human primate studies have made progress in using sAA as an additional physiological stress marker. However, there are currently no published reports of sAA validation as an acute stress response marker in Japanese macaques. Furthermore, saliva collection could prove itself to be stressful for the monkey. Consequently, developing a non-invasive method for cooperative saliva collection between the researcher and monkey is not only necessary for accurate data collection but is also ethically sound. Therefore, this study has a two-fold aim: [1] non-invasively collect saliva with the monkey's cooperation and [2] validate sAA as a biomarker of acute stress in <i>M. fuscata</i>. Validation of sAA enzyme as an acute biomarker in Japanese macaques could provide a useful tool for future research questions as well as practical uses in animal welfare. I will discuss developing a methodology for saliva collection, current findings, and other recent research activities.</p>
著者
Toshiaki Isogai Chizuko A. Kamiya
出版者
International Heart Journal Association
雑誌
International Heart Journal (ISSN:13492365)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.18-729, (Released:2019-04-25)
参考文献数
58
被引用文献数
51

Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is a specific cardiomyopathy in which heart failure develops due to reduced myocardial contraction during pregnancy or in the postpartum period in women without a previous history of heart disease. The epidemiology of PPCM has been reported in various countries and areas, and the incidence of PPCM differed among these reports. The incidence was highest (1 in 102 deliveries) in Nigeria and lowest (1 in 15,533 births) in Japan. The incidence was higher in African-Americans than in other races in several reports from the United States, and was also high in African countries and Haiti, indicating that the risk for PPCM is highest in the black race. However, the study design and definition of PPCM differ among studies, and these differences may influence the incidence. Moreover, the incidence of PPCM and the maternal mortality rate were well correlated. Since maternal mortality reflects the level of perinatal health care and hygiene, this finding suggests that the extent of perinatal care is partly related to the incidence of PPCM, which reflects heart failure and cardiomyopathy of unknown cause in women.
著者
沼野 藤夫 GRANDOS Juli PARK Y.B HOFFMAN Gray REYESーLOPEZ ペドロエー ROSENTHAL Ta ARNETT Frank MECHRA N.K. SHARMA B.K. PREEYACHIL C SUWANWELA Ni 角田 恒和 能勢 真人 松原 修 木村 彰方 長沢 俊彦 西村 泰治 CHARAOENWONGSE P. REYES-ROPEZ P.A. GRANDOSE J. PEDRO A Reye FRANK C Arne YACOV Itzcha N.K Mehra B.K Sharma NITAYA Suwan Y.B Park
出版者
東京医科歯科大学
雑誌
国際学術研究
巻号頁・発行日
1994

高安動脈炎は非特異性血管炎であり、その成因は不明で、我国では難病の1つに指定されている。長年の研究の結果、この血管炎の発生に自己免疫機序の関与が示唆されるが、まだ十分解明されるまでには至っていない。本症は、臨床的にもいくつかの特徴が明らかにされており、(1)若年女性に多発し、(2)アジア諸国に多く、欧米に少ない種属差が知られている。我々は、本症の成因に遺伝要因の関与を想定し、現在までにHLA A24-B52-DR2のhaplotypeが本症患者に有意に高い頻度で出現していることを確認し、この事実がアジア諸国に多発する本症の謎と解きあかす鍵と考えられた。なぜならばB52の高い出現頻度を示しアジア諸国、アメリカインディアン、南米と本症の多発地域とが一致するからである。その後の検索で南米、韓国、インド等に於いても、本症患者にB-5 or B-52が有意に高い頻度を示すことが明らかにされてきている。そこで本症の病態につき国際研究を開始したが、この国際比較に於いていくつかの新しい事態が明らかにされた。その1つは、各国によって男女比が異なることである。我国では、女性が圧倒的に多い事実に対して西方にゆくに従って、その比率が減少し、イスラエル、トルコでほぼ6:4の割合までにゆくことである。もう1つは種属によりその臨床病態が異なり、我国では上行大動脈より大動脈弓部にかけての病変が多いのに対し、インド、タイ、南米(メキシコ、ペル-)ではむしろ腹部大動脈に病変が多いという差が明らかにされた。特にインド等では腹部大動脈に限局した患者もかなり認められた。このことから病態の分類に腹部大動脈の病変のみを含めた新しい体系を国際間で取り決め、この新分類に従った患者の実態を目下明らかにしつつある。このことはHLAの研究に於いても新たな展開を開かしめた。我々の研究に於いてHLA B-39の存在が健康日本人に比し有意に高い統計上の成績が得られたが、実数はわずか10名に満たぬ程であった為に放置しておいたが、そのDNAレベルの研究から、本症患者にのみ認められるB-39-2という新しいタイプの存在が発見された。そしてこのB-39は南米や東南アジア諸国に於いてはB-52より高い出現頻度を示しており、B-39と連鎖不平衡を示す遺伝要因が改めて注目されるようになっている。目下、各国に於いてB-39の出現頻度とその臨床病態との比較が新たなテーマとして取り上げられ、目下検討が成されつつある。このDNAレベルの解析は、各国より送ってもらった血液にて当大学で目下行いつつある。
著者
Paul A. Kotey
出版者
Hippocrene
巻号頁・発行日
1998
著者
Xiao-Xiao Jiang Louise L. Hardy Ding Ding Louise A. Baur Hui-Jing Shi
出版者
Japan Epidemiological Association
雑誌
Journal of Epidemiology (ISSN:09175040)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.24, no.5, pp.397-403, 2014-09-05 (Released:2014-09-05)
参考文献数
25
被引用文献数
15 38

Background: Rapid urbanization in China has led to a proliferation of electronic entertainment media among youth. Prolonged screen time (ST; includes watching television and playing on computers, video game consoles, or mobile phones) is linked to poor health profiles. The aim of this study was to report recreational ST behaviors and ST correlates among Chinese adolescents living in two regions with different degrees of urbanization.Methods: A cross-sectional, school-based survey (n = 3461 adolescents; aged 12–14 years old) living in inner-city Shanghai and a peri-urban region of Hangzhou. Students completed a questionnaire including family characteristics, daily ST, and information on family environment related to screen use. Recreational ST was categorized into two groups according to recommendations by the American Academy of Pediatrics (< or ≥2 h/day). Parents reported their own ST and also reported educational attainment as a proxy for socioeconomic status.Results: ST was higher among boys than girls and on weekends than weekdays. Peri-urban girls were more likely to exceed 2 h/day ST compared to inner-city girls on weekends. Having a father with no university degree, mother’s TV viewing ≥2 h/day, no ST rules at home, and eating meals in front of the TV were associated with higher ST on both weekdays and weekends, and regional differences were found for weekend ST.Conclusions: TV viewing and playing on the computer were the most prevalent ST behaviors among Chinese adolescents. Mobile phone playing was less prevalent but persistent throughout the week. More population-level surveillance and research is needed to monitor the trends in ST behaviors and to better understand the characteristics of those who are at risk.
著者
Saurav Uppal Anthony E. DeCicco Anselma Intini Richard A. Josephson
出版者
International Heart Journal Association
雑誌
International Heart Journal (ISSN:13492365)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.59, no.3, pp.622-625, 2018-05-31 (Released:2018-05-30)
参考文献数
13
被引用文献数
10

Allergic reactions to contrast media are a frequently reported complication of coronary angiography. The majority of patients experience mild, self-limited episodes, but in rare cases patients may experience severe, persistent symptoms. A strategy of premedication with corticosteroids and anti-histamines and an optimal selection of contrast agent is almost always successful in averting contrast reactions, yet a select few patients will continue to have breakthrough events. This is a case of recurrent, severe allergy to contrast media despite standard precautions complicating the treatment of non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). Our patient was successfully managed with a strategy of rapid desensitization to iodinated contrast media achieved by administering progressively incremental doses of the media.
著者
Yoshimi R. Tsukazaki A. Kozuka Y. Falson J. Takahashi K. S. Checkelsky J. G. Nagaosa N. Kawasaki M. Tokura Y.
出版者
Nature Publishing Group
雑誌
Nature communications (ISSN:20411723)
巻号頁・発行日
no.6, 2015-04-14

The three-dimensional topological insulator is a novel state of matter characterized by two-dimensional metallic Dirac states on its surface. To verify the topological nature of the surface states, Bi-based chalcogenides such as Bi2Se3, Bi2Te3, Sb2Te3 and their combined/mixed compounds have been intensively studied. Here, we report the realization of the quantum Hall effect on the surface Dirac states in (Bi1−xSbx)2Te3 films. With electrostatic gate-tuning of the Fermi level in the bulk band gap under magnetic fields, the quantum Hall states with filling factor ±1 are resolved. Furthermore, the appearance of a quantum Hall plateau at filling factor zero reflects a pseudo-spin Hall insulator state when the Fermi level is tuned in between the energy levels of the non-degenerate top and bottom surface Dirac points. The observation of the quantum Hall effect in three-dimensional topological insulator films may pave a way toward topological insulator-based electronics.UTokyo Research掲載「トポロジカル絶縁体の表面ディラック状態の量子化を実証」 URI: http://www.u-tokyo.ac.jp/ja/utokyo-research/research-news/observation-of-quantization-in-surface-dirac-states-of-topological-insulator.html
著者
Zong Min Satoh Ayano Yu Mei Kuen Siu Ka Yu Ng Wing Yan Chan Hsiao Chang Tanner Julian A. Yu Sidney
雑誌
PLoS ONE (ISSN:19326203)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.7, no.1, 2012-01-18
被引用文献数
33

Background: The transport of endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-derived COPII vesicles toward the ER-Golgi intermediatecompartment (ERGIC) requires cytoplasmic dynein and is dependent on microtubules. p150<sup>Glued</sup>, a subunit of dynactin, hasbeen implicated in the transport of COPII vesicles via its interaction with COPII coat components Sec23 and Sec24. However,whether and how COPII vesicle tether, TRAPP (Transport protein particle), plays a role in the interaction between COPIIvesicles and microtubules is currently unknown.Principle Findings: We address the functional relationship between COPII tether TRAPP and dynactin. Overexpressed TRAPPsubunits interfered with microtubule architecture by competing p150<sup>Glued</sup> away from the MTOC. TRAPP subunit TRAPPC9bound directly to p150<sup>Glued</sup> via the same carboxyl terminal domain of p150<sup>Glued</sup> that binds Sec23 and Sec24. TRAPPC9 alsoinhibited the interaction between p150<sup>Glued</sup> and Sec23/Sec24 both in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that TRAPPC9 serves touncouple p150<sup>Glued</sup> from the COPII coat, and to relay the vesicle-dynactin interaction at the target membrane.Conclusions: These findings provide a new perspective on the function of TRAPP as an adaptor between the ERGICmembrane and dynactin. By preserving the connection between dynactin and the tethered and/or fused vesicles, TRAPPallows nascent ERGIC to continue the movement along the microtubules as they mature into the cis-Golgi.