著者

Strack Daniel C.

出版者

北九州市立大学外国語学部

雑誌

北九州市立大学外国語学部紀要 (ISSN:13470299)

巻号頁・発行日

no.125, pp.26-42, 2009-02

著者

濱田 麻友子 BOSCH C. G. Thomas

出版者

沖縄科学技術大学院大学

雑誌

若手研究(B)

巻号頁・発行日

2013-04-01

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本研究ではクロレラを体内に共生させているグリーンヒドラをモデルとして、動物―藻類共生システムにおける相互作用の実態とその共生ゲノム進化を明らかにした。共生クロレラが光合成によって糖を分泌すると、ヒドラでは窒素代謝やリン酸輸送に関わる遺伝子が発現上昇することから、ヒドラ―クロレラ間の協調的な相互作用によって、栄養供給が遺伝子レベルで調節されていることが示唆された。また、共生クロレラのゲノム解読を行ったところ、硝酸同化遺伝子群の一部とそのクラスター構造がゲノムから失われていた。このことから、共生クロレラは窒素源をヒドラに依存した結果、ゲノムからは硝酸同化システムが失われたと考えられる。

著者

マーハ ジョン C. John C. MAHER

雑誌

国際基督教大学学報. I-A, 教育研究 = Educational Studies

巻号頁・発行日

no.46, pp.173-185, 2004-03-31

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ピジンとは多言語が存在する状況の中で新たに発生した言語であり,固有の特徴をもち,かつ体系だったシステムを持っている。ピジン・クレオールの研究は,異なる言語を持った人間が互いに接触する際に,言語はどのような形で存在するかという問題に関連している。日本は多数の言語が存在する地域であるため,様々なピジンも存在する。しかしこれまで詳細に言語学的に研究されたピジンは少ない。そこで本論では,多言語的環境である日本の中で,ピジンは新旧の歴史をもつ言語現象であることを述べる。言語どうしの接触は大陸から人間が日本本土に移動してきた縄文-弥生期に始まった。これは大陸からのアルタイ語族(弥生人)とマレー・ポリネシア語族(縄文人)の接触である。「港ピジン」は16世紀に九州で発生して以来今に至っており,日本語とスベイン語のピジンである「長崎ピジン」はその例である。沖縄にも日本語と琉球語のピジンが存在する。1980年代以降は,都市で働く外国人労働者の間で「Gastarbeiter(外国人労働者・出稼ぎ)ピジン」が発達した。このような言語接触のなかには,琉球語と日本語の接触のような言語どうしの接触の例もあれば,同言語の亜種どうしの接触(例えば方言間接触)もある。より「軍事基地ピジン」は世界中で見られるもので,日本にも「浜松ピジン」などの例がそれにあたる。小笠原諸島は歴史的にも長く英語のコミュニティがあるが,ここではミクロネシア語,ポリネシア語,日本語,英語の言語接触が19世紀から始まった結果ピジンが形成された。本論は日本におけるピジン・クレオールの歴史の概略であるため,日本語と日本語手話などのピジンについては述べられていない。しかしこの歴史を見るだけでも,日本が多言語的環境にあることは明らかである。

著者

デヴィッド・C・キャシディ著 伊藤憲二 [ほか] 訳

出版者

白揚社

巻号頁・発行日

1998

著者

服部 俊夫 仁木 敏朗 平島 光臣 HAORILE C.-Y. 久保 亨 児玉 栄一

出版者

東北大学

雑誌

基盤研究(A)

巻号頁・発行日

2011-04-01

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デングウイルス(DENV)感染者における新規バイオマーカーとしてのGalectin 9 (Gal-9)とOsteopontin (OPN)の臨床的な有用性を研究した。血漿Gal-9はDENV感染者では正常群と比べ有意に上昇し、ヒトでの報告された最高の値を示し、回復期では有意に減少した。Gal-9値はヘマトクリット値、血小板数、単球およびウイルスRNAのコピー数と相関していた。血漿OPNも9倍以上の増加を急性期で示し、回復期ではトロンビン切断型のOPNが上昇し、免疫と凝固のクロストークマーカーと思われた。故に、DENV感染における血漿Gal-9及びOPNが病態反映のマーカーである可能性を示した。

著者

ティスデル C. 高橋 春成

出版者

日本哺乳類学会

雑誌

哺乳類科学 (ISSN:0385437X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, no.2, pp.2_33-41, 1989 (Released:2008-08-13)

被引用文献数

1

著者

Tomoyuki KOGA Clark C. CHEN Frank B. FURNARI

出版者

The Japan Neurosurgical Society

雑誌

Neurologia medico-chirurgica (ISSN:04708105)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, no.7, pp.329-336, 2020 (Released:2020-07-15)

参考文献数

63

被引用文献数

7

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Genome engineering using programmable nucleases such as transcription activator-like effector nuclease (TALEN), and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat-associated protein nine facilitated the introduction of genetic alterations at specific genomic sites in various cell types. These tools have been applied to cancer modeling to understand the pathogenic effects of the growing catalog of mutations found in human cancers. Pertaining to brain tumors, neural progenitor cells derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) engineered with different combinations of genetic driver mutations observed in distinct molecular subtypes of glioblastomas, the most common form of primary brain cancer in adults, give rise to brain tumors when engrafted orthotopically in mice. These glioblastoma models recapitulate the transcriptomic signature of each molecular subtype and authentically resemble pathobiology of glioblastoma, including inter- and intra-tumor heterogeneity, chromosomal aberrations, and extrachromosomal DNA amplifications. Similar engineering with genetic mutations found in medulloblastoma and atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumors in iPSCs have led to genetically trackable models that bear clinical relevance to these pediatric brain tumors. These models have contributed to improved comprehension of the genetic causation of tumorigenesis and offered a novel platform for therapeutic discovery. Studied in the context of three-dimensional cerebral organoids, these models have aided in the study of tumor invasion as well as therapeutic responses. In summary, modeling brain tumors through genome engineering enables not only the establishment of authentic tumor avatars driven by bona fide genetic mutations observed in patient samples but also facilitates functional investigations of particular genetic alterations in an otherwise isogenic background.

著者

W.S.ベアリングールド C.ベアリングールド解説と注 石川澄子訳

出版者

鳥影社

巻号頁・発行日

2003

著者

Ralf Greve John C. Moore Thomas Zwinger Chao Yue Liyun Zhao

雑誌

JpGU-AGU Joint Meeting 2020

巻号頁・発行日

2020-03-13

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Sea level rise from the ice sheets is one of the chief impacts of greenhouse gas emissions. The Greenland ice sheet is expected to contribute some ten centimetres to ~1 metre of global sea level equivalent (SLE) this century (Goelzer et al., 2020, doi: 10.5194/tc-2019-319). In the longer term, Greenland will likely lose more than 90% of its ice sheet unless summer temperatures are kept to less than 2°C above pre-industrial levels (Pattyn et al., 2018, doi: 10.1038/s41558-018-0305-8). Stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI) has been proposed as a potential method of meeting the IPCC 1.5°C or 2°C global temperature rise targets. In this study, we use the SICOPOLIS (www.sicopolis.net) and Elmer/Ice (elmerice.elmerfem.org) dynamic models driven by changes in surface mass balance and temperature to estimate the sea level rise contribution from the Greenland ice sheet under the IPCC RCP4.5, RCP8.5 and GeoMIP G4 (Kravitz et al., 2013, doi: 10.1002/2013JD020569) scenarios. The G4 scenario adds 5 Tg/yr sulfate aerosols to the equatorial lower stratosphere (equivalent of ~1/4 of the 1991 Mt. Pinatubo SO2 emission rate) to the IPCC RCP4.5 scenario, which itself approximates to the Paris NDC (Nationally Determined Contributions) greenhouse gas emission commitments. The figure shows the mass loss of the Greenland ice sheet under the three scenarios with four earth system models (BNU-ESM, HadGEM2-ES, MIROC-ESM, MIROC-ESM-CHEM), simulated with the SICOPOLIS model. Relative to a constant-climate control run (ctrl_proj), the losses from 2015 to 2090 are 63 [53, 76] mm SLE for RCP8.5, 45 [38, 52] mm SLE for RCP4.5 and 28 [18, 38] mm SLE for G4 (mean and full range). Thus, the mean mass loss under G4 is about 38% smaller than that under RCP4.5 and 55% smaller than that under RCP8.5. We aim to repeat all simulations with the full-stress Elmer/Ice model to assess model-induced uncertainty.

著者

岡田 博有 徳山 英一 CHAMLEY H. CHARVET J. FAURE M. LALLEMANT S. LEGGETT J RANGIN C. RENARD V. 飯山 敏道 PICHON LE X. 藤本 勝己 古田 俊夫 井田 喜明 加賀美 英雄 村田 明広 平 朝彦

出版者

一般社団法人 日本地質学会

雑誌

日本地質学会学術大会講演要旨 (ISSN:13483935)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1985, 1985

著者

O'KELLY C. J.

出版者

Academic Press

雑誌

Systematics of the Green Algae.

巻号頁・発行日

pp.121-156, 1984

被引用文献数

1

著者

Ekkapol AKARAPHUTIPORN Eugene C. BWALYA Sangho KIM Takafumi SUNAGA Ryosuke ECHIGO Masahiro OKUMURA

出版者

JAPANESE SOCIETY OF VETERINARY SCIENCE

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.20-0091, (Released:2020-07-07)

被引用文献数

3

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Pentosan polysulfate (PPS) is a semi-synthetic sulfated polysaccharide compound which has been shown the benefits on therapeutic treatment for osteoarthritis (OA) and has been proposed as a disease modifying osteoarthritis drugs (DMOADs). This study investigated the effects of PPS on cell proliferation, particularly in cell cycle modulation and phenotype promotion of canine articular chondrocytes (AC). Canine AC were treated with PPS (0–80 µg/ml) for 24, 48 and 72 hr. The effect of PPS on cell viability, cell proliferation and cell cycle distribution were analyzed by MTT assay, DNA quantification and flow cytometry. Chondrocyte phenotype was analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) quantification. PPS significantly reduced AC proliferation through cell cycle modulation particularly by maintaining a significantly higher proportion of chondrocytes in the G1 phase and a significantly lower proportion in the S phase of the cell cycle in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. While the proportion of chondrocytes in G1 phase corresponded with the significant downregulation of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 1 and 4. Furthermore, the study confirms that PPS promotes a chondrogenic phenotype of AC through significant upregulation of collagen type II (Col2A1) mRNA and GAG synthesis. The effect of PPS on the inhibition of chondrocyte proliferation while promoting a chondrocyte phenotype could be beneficial in the early stages of OA treatment, which transient increase in proliferative activity of chondrocytes with subsequent phenotypic shift and less productive in an essential component of extracellular matrix (ECM) is observed.

著者

by Johan C. Thom

出版者

E.J. Brill

巻号頁・発行日

1995

著者

山田 昭弥 白田 光利 Rizal C. L. S. 宝賀 剛 上田 勇治

出版者

公益社団法人 日本金属学会

雑誌

日本金属学会誌 (ISSN:00214876)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.66, no.9, pp.869-872, 2002 (Released:2008-04-24)

参考文献数

13

被引用文献数

4 5

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Pulse electrodepositon is a useful technique with which it is possible to achieve atomic-scale control of the layer composition, thickness of the multilayer and the grain size in ferromagnetic films by regulating the pulse amplitude and width. It is possible to fabricate ferromagnetic films with various magnetic properties from a single electrolytic solution containing more than two kinds of metallic ions, by changing the step pulse wave. Multilayer films composed of a Ni-rich layer with high coercive force, an Fe-Ni layer with low coercive force, and a nonmagnetic Cu layer were produced by controlling the step pulse potential from a single electrolytic solution containing Fe, Ni and Cu ions. Moreover, we are able to produce thinner ferromagnetic films consisting of multiple layers with magnetic characteristics such as a wide variation in coercive force, high susceptibility, and large magnetoresistance effect by controlling the time interval of the step pulse.In this study, we investigated the relationships between the magnetic field dependence of the magnetoresistance effect and the film preparation conditions for composition-modulated Fe-Cu-Ni alloy films produced by the pulse electrodeposition method. The MR ratio observed in the film has maximum values of 3.4% and 9% at 300 K and 5 K, respectively. A highly sensitive change of the electric resistance was obtained at a low magnetic field.

著者

C.E. Picard著 齋藤利弥訳(未完)

出版者

[慶應義塾大学理工学部数理科学科]

巻号頁・発行日

2002

著者

McLellan B C Watari T Ogata S Tezuka T

出版者

Institute of Physics Publishing

雑誌

IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science (ISSN:17551307)

巻号頁・発行日

no.361, 2019-12-09

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7th International Conference on Sustainable Future for Human Security in conjunction with 3rd International Conference on Green Development in Tropical Regions "Sustainable Development: Global Challenges on Environmental Protection and Social Justice" 29–30 October 2018, Padang, West Sumatra Province, Indonesia.

著者

古川 智恵子 中田 明美 フルカワ ナカタ C. FURUKAWA A. NAKATA

雑誌

名古屋女子大学紀要 = Journal of the Nagoya Women's College

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, pp.13-21, 1985-03-01

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"褌は本来表着であり,それを仕事着として受け継いでいるのが力士のまわしである.相撲の歴史は古く,わが国でも「古事記」等に記述が残っている.奈良・平安時代には天皇による節会相撲が行われ,武家時代は武士の心身の鍛練のために盛んであった.江戸時代には力士が職業となり,勧進相撲が行われ,明治末期に風俗や規則が確立されて今日に至っている.初期のまわしは,まわしと化粧まわしの区別がなく,平安時代には白い麻の犢鼻褌,武家時代は白と茜の麻であったが,江戸時代に力士が職業となると,素材として最高の絹が用いられるようになる.そして,デモンストレーション用として豪華な化粧まわしが分離するのである.また,紐衣の呪性も残され,特に横綱の衣装は前面を化粧まおしや横綱,四手等によって,後面は魂を結びこめた綱や化粧まわしの結びによって,幾重にも悪霊から身を守っている.一方,それはまた,力と地位を示すための最高の飾りでもある.以上のように,力士のまわしは形こそシンプルではあるが,紐衣の呪術性,褌の装飾性と機能性,結びの魂等,さまざまな要素が集約された最小にして最高の衣である.最後に,本研究にあたり貴重な資料の写真撮影をさせて頂き,また懇切な御助言を頂きました相撲博物館の方々および,力士の方々に深く感謝申し上げます."

著者

Felipe F. NASCIMENTO Vírginia I. MARQUES Giulianne C. CROCIOLLI Gabriel M. NICÁCIO Isabela P. A. G. NICÁCIO Renata N. CASSU

出版者

JAPANESE SOCIETY OF VETERINARY SCIENCE

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.81, no.5, pp.764-770, 2019 (Released:2019-05-31)

参考文献数

45

被引用文献数

15

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The aim of this study was to compare the effects of laser acupuncture and electroacupuncture on postoperative pain and analgesic requirements in cats. In a prospective, randomized and blinded clinical study, thirty cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy were sedated with intramuscular (IM) ketamine (5 mg/kg), midazolam (0.5 mg/kg), and tramadol (2 mg/ kg). Before the induction of anesthesia, the animals were randomly distributed into three groups of ten cats each: LA: bilateral Stomach 36 (ST-36) and Spleen 6 (SP-6) acupoints were stimulated with an infrared laser; EA: bilateral ST-36 and SP-6 acupoints were stimulated with an electrical stimulus; Control: no acupuncture was applied. Postoperative analgesia was evaluated in the first 24 hr post-extubation using the Interactive Visual Analogue Scale and UNESP-Botucatu Multidimensional Composite Pain Scale. Rescue analgesia was provided with IM tramadol (2 mg/kg), and the pain scores were reassessed 30 min after the rescue intervention. If the analgesia remained insufficient, meloxicam (0.2 mg/kg IM, single dose) was administered. Data were analyzed using t-tests, the Mann-Whitney U test, and Friedman test. P<0.05 was considered significant. The pain scores did not significantly differ between the treatment groups at any time point (P>0.05). The prevalence of rescue analgesia was significantly higher in the Control group than in the LA and EA groups (P=0.033). Preoperative laser and electroacupuncture reduced the need for rescue analgesia during the first 24 hr after ovariohysterectomy.

著者

Ekkapol AKARAPHUTIPORN Takafumi SUNAGA Eugene C. BWALYA Ryosuke ECHIGO Masahiro OKUMURA

出版者

JAPANESE SOCIETY OF VETERINARY SCIENCE

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.20-0118, (Released:2020-04-30)

被引用文献数

3

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This study investigated the effects of culture time on phenotype stability of canine articular chondrocytes (CACs) in non-passaged long-term monolayer culture. Third passage (P3) CACs isolated from four cartilage samples were seeded at three different initial seeding densities (0.2 х 104, 1.0 х 104 and 5.0 х 104 cells/cm2) and maintained in monolayer condition up to 8 weeks without undergoing subculture after confluence. The characteristic changes of chondrocytes during the culture period were evaluated based on the cell morphology, cell proliferation, glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) content, DNA quantification, mRNA expression and ultrastructure of chondrocytes. Chondrocytes maintained under post-confluence condition exhibited a capability to grow and proliferate up to 4 weeks. Alcian blue staining and Dimethylmethylene blue (DMMB) assay revealed that the extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis was increased in a time-dependent manner from 2 to 8 weeks. The chondrocyte mRNA expression profile was dramatically affected by prolonged culture time, with a significant downregulation of collagen type I, whereas the expression of collagen type II, aggrecan, Sox9 and matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP-13) were significantly upregulated. In addition, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) result indicated dilation of rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) in these long-term monolayer cultured chondrocytes. These findings demonstrate that the chondrocytes phenotype could be partially redifferentiated through the spontaneous redifferentiation process in long-term cultures using standard culture medium without the addition of chondrogenic supplements or tissue-culture scaffolds.

著者

HAYAKAWA Monta GARSTLE C.Andrew

出版者

International Research Center for Japanese Studies

雑誌

SHUNGA : Ten Questions and Answers (ISSN:13444972)

巻号頁・発行日

2013