著者

D・P・ パラン著 村田玲音訳

出版者

シュプリンガー・フェアラーク東京

巻号頁・発行日

1987

著者

Hiroshi Azuma Rhett D. Harrison Keiko Nakamura Zhi-Hui Su

出版者

The Genetics Society of Japan

雑誌

Genes & Genetic Systems (ISSN:13417568)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.85, no.3, pp.177-192, 2010 (Released:2010-10-27)

参考文献数

72

被引用文献数

12 14

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The interaction between figs (Ficus, Moraceae) and fig-pollinating wasps (Chalcidoidea, Agaonidae) is one of the most specific mutualisms, and thus is a model system for studying coevolution and cospeciation. In this study we focused on figs and their associated fig-wasps found in the Ryukyu and Bonin (Ogasawara) Islands, Japan, because it has been suggested that breakdown in the specificity may occur in islands or at edge of a species’ distribution. We collected 136 samples of 15 native fig species and 95 samples of 13 associated fig-wasps from all major islands in the Ryukyu Islands, including two fig species and one fig-wasp species endemic to the Bonin Islands. We performed molecular phylogenetic analyses using plastid DNA and nuclear ITS sequences for the figs and nuclear 28S rRNA and mitochondrial COI genes for the fig-wasps to investigate the interspecific phylogenies and intraspecific variation within the mutualism. Our phylogenetic analyses using multiple samples per species show the single clade of each fig (except the Bonin endemic species) and fig-pollinating wasp species. Fig species belonging to the same subgenera formed well-supported clades in both plastid and ITS trees, except for the subgenus Urostigma. Likewise, fig wasps emerging from host fig species belonging to the same subgenera formed mostly well supported clades in both 28S and COI trees. Host specificity between the figs and fig-wasps functions strictly in these islands. There was very little sequence variation within species, and that no major geographic structure was found. The two Bonin endemic species (F. boninsimae and F. nishimurae) or their common ancestor and the associated fig-wasps (Blastophaga sp.) are apparently derived from F. erecta and its associated fig-wasps (B. nipponica), respectively, and probably migrated from the Ryukyu Islands.

著者

Chan Melissa V Warner Timothy D Barwari Temo Huffman Daniela Armstrong Paul C Santer Peter Kiechl Stefan Willeit Johann Mayr Manuel Johnson Andrew D

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬理学会

雑誌

日本薬理学会年会要旨集

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2018, pp.OR25-2, 2018

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<p><u>Background</u></p><p>Cardiovascular disease (CVD), including myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke, is the largest cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. CVD is intrinsically linked to hemostasis and thrombosis and, therefore, platelet reactivity. As such, secondary prevention of CVD usually includes inhibitors of platelet function. Though the majority of CVD patients are over the age of 65, large healthy population studies of platelet reactivity have been performed in younger (<40) volunteers. The Bruneck Study is unique in that all participants are over the age of 65. Therefore, the aim of this study was to phenotype platelet reactivity in this elderly population.</p><p><u>Methods</u></p><p>Fasting blood was taken from 338 people into citrate (0.105M) anti-coagulant and platelet rich (PRP) and poor (PPP) plasma was obtained by centrifugation. All experiments were performed within 2 hours of blood draw. Traditional light transmission aggregometry (LTA) in response to arachidonic acid (AA), ADP, collagen, TRAP-6 amide and U46619 was performed. In addition, platelet aggregometry was also assessed using the Optimul plate-based method in response to AA (0.3-1.5mM), ADP (1-30µM), collagen (0.4-30µg/ml), epinephrine (0.6-10µM), ristocetin (0.1-1.5mg/ml), TRAP-6 (0.1-25µM) and U46619 (0.01-10µM). % aggregation was calculated and data were analysed using R with the nlpr package and GraphPad Prism. Data is reported as mean±sem.</p><p><u>Results</u></p><p>The cohort was evenly split between sex (49% female) with a mean age of 76.1±7.1 years. There was a low incidence of MI (4.7%), stoke (6.5%) and diabetes (6.2%). Concentration-response curves for Optimul aggregometry were generated and final % aggregation was compared to LTA (LTA vs Optimul, respectively): AA 1mM (29±2% vs 68±2%), ADP 5µM (54±1% vs 77±1%), ADP 20µM (59±1% vs 80±1%), collagen 0.4µg/ml (34±1% vs 76±1.2%), 4µg/ml (59±1% vs 81±1%), 10µg/ml (58±1% vs 80±1%), TRAP-6 25µM (62±1% vs 87±1%), U46619 10µM (63±1% vs 84±1%).</p><p><u>Conclusions</u></p><p>This is the first extensive platelet reactivity using multiple concentrations of a broad range of agonists in a large, healthy, elderly population. Subgroup analyses will allow us to determine whether there are any associations with platelet reactivity, age, and cardiovascular disease.</p>

著者

Scott Danny W. Edginton Heather D. Miller Jr. William H. Clark Mitzi D.

出版者

Japanese Society of Veterinary Dermatology

雑誌

獣医臨床皮膚科 (ISSN:13476416)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.21, no.1, pp.7-9, 2015

被引用文献数

2

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第2世代の抗ヒスタミン薬であるロラタジンが,猫アレルギー性皮膚炎の管理に有効であるという逸話的情報が教科書やインターネット上で報告されている。そこでロラタジンをアレルギー性皮膚炎に罹患した27頭の猫に,5 mg/catで1日1回経口投与した。その結果,わずか1頭(4%)の猫においてそう痒を良好に管理することが可能であった。有害事象は認められなかった。<br>

著者

general editors Kenneth Bourne and D. Cameron Watt

出版者

University Publications of America

巻号頁・発行日

1984

著者

Cook Norman D. 藤澤 隆史 林 武文

出版者

日本音楽知覚認知学会

雑誌

音楽知覚認知研究 (ISSN:1342856X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.21, no.1, pp.17-29, 2015

著者

edited by Satoshi D. Ohdachi ...

出版者

The Mammalogical Society of Japan

巻号頁・発行日

2009

著者

DE ROSIER D. J.

雑誌

Nature

巻号頁・発行日

vol.217, pp.130-134, 1968

被引用文献数

5 1125

著者

editors Premilla D'Cruz ...

出版者

Springer Nature Singapore

巻号頁・発行日

2021

著者

MUHAMMAD SHOAIB AKHTAR RYUICHI ASHINO HIROKI OOTA HAJIME ISHIDA YOSHIHITO NIIMURA KAZUSHIGE TOUHARA AMANDA D. MELIN SHOJI KAWAMURA

出版者

The Anthropological Society of Nippon

雑誌

Anthropological Science (ISSN:09187960)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.211024, (Released:2022-01-20)

被引用文献数

3

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The olfactory receptor (OR) gene family is comprised of hundreds of intact and disrupted genes in humans. The compositions and copy number variation (CNV) of disrupted and intact OR genes among individuals is expected to cause variation in olfactory perception. However, little is known about OR genetic variation in many human populations. In this study, we used targeted capture enrichment and massive parallel short-read sequencing methods to examine genetic variation of OR genes, as well as of neutral genome regions as references, for 69 anonymized unrelated Japanese individuals. The capture probes were designed for 398 intact OR genes in the human reference genome hg38, and 85 neutral references. Probes were also designed for four unannotated and 99 ‘nearly-intact’ (hg38-pseudo) OR genes in hg38 and 53 chimpanzee OR genes in the Pantro3.0 genome database with no orthologs in hg38. All the hg38 OR genes and one Pantro 3.0 OR gene were retrieved. The mean sequencing depth was significantly higher than that of the 1000 Genomes Project. A total of 30 OR genes from hg38-intact and hg38-pseudo categories were newly found to be segregating pseudogenes. One hg38-pseudo OR gene was intact in all individuals. CNV was detected in 63 OR genes. Tajima’s D analysis for OR genes and neutral references was consistent with balancing selection to maintain allelic differences in intact OR genes. These results demonstrate that the targeted capture by probes with diversity-oriented design is far more effective than a whole-genome approach to retrieve OR genes and achieve high-depth sequencing and thus to reveal polymorphisms for the OR multigene family. The composition of OR genes in the human reference genome hg38 does not necessarily represent those in many humans, implying higher perceptual variation than previously thought. The current study inspires further investigation with a similar approach at a global scale.

著者

繆 冶煉 アガド マルシャル D. 豊島 英親 吉崎 繁

出版者

The Japanese Society of Agricultural Machinery and Food Engineers

雑誌

農業機械學會誌 (ISSN:02852543)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, no.4, pp.71-77, 1996-07-01

参考文献数

11

被引用文献数

3

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米の食味改善および健康食品の開発を目的に玄米の培養処理を提案し, 精米粉の糊化に及ぼすその影響を反応速度論的および組織学的に検討した。30℃のまき床で培養を行うと, 玄米内部の既存酵素が活性化され, さらにこれらの酵素反応によりアミロプラストの包膜が破れ, 澱粉粒が分解された。培養玄米の精米粉は異なる糊化特性をもっており, 最高粘度およびブレークダウンが培養時間によって増加と減少の二段階で変化した。また, 一次反応モデルを用いてシミュレーションを行った結果, 米粉の糊化過程はアレニウス方程式で表され, 活性化エネルギーは30℃まき床での培養により1.157×10⁵から1.492×10⁵J/molに増加したことが明らかになった。

著者

BISH D. L.

雑誌

Clays Clay Miner.

巻号頁・発行日

vol.41, pp.148-161, 1993

被引用文献数

1 43

著者

D.J.マルコム=ローズ著 瀧幸 [ほか] 訳

出版者

学会出版センター

巻号頁・発行日

1981

著者

坂東 博 ハ ヌエン・ティ・ホア 曽和 哲也 古谷 智 竹中 規訓 前田 泰昭 長谷川 次郎 今村 清 ボテリョ M.D.L.M.f. タヴァレス T.M.

出版者

大気環境学会

雑誌

大気環境学会年会講演要旨集

巻号頁・発行日

no.39, 1998

著者

by D'Arcy Wentworth Thompson

出版者

Oxford University Press, H. Milford

巻号頁・発行日

1936

著者

Min HOU Masahiro HAYASHI Ryuichi ASHINO Amanda D. MELIN Shoji KAWAMURA

出版者

Primate Society of Japan

雑誌

霊長類研究 Supplement

巻号頁・発行日

pp.32-33, 2020 (Released:2021-04-23)

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Taste perception is fundamental in dietary selection for many animals. Bitter taste perception is important not only in dietary selection but also in preventing animals from ingesting potentially toxic compounds. Previous studies have revealed evolutionary divergence of the bitter taste receptor gene (TAS2R) repertoire in mammals, including primates, using publicly available whole genome sequence (WGS) data. Plant tissues contain more toxic compounds than animal tissues do. Herbivores could have less TAS2R genes because they are predicted to be more tolerant and less sensitive to bitter compounds to ingest poisons. On the other hand, herbivores could have more TAS2R genes because they are predicted to be in need of selecting and ingesting bitter plants which other animals avoid. Cercopithecid (African and Asian) monkeys are an excellent subject for studying adaptive evolution of bitter sensation because they have diverged into folivores (colobines) and omnivores (cercopithecines). However, only a few genera have been studied in this context. Dependence on WGS data is also potentially problematic due to its inherent incompleteness especially for multigene families such as TAS2Rs. In this study, we employed the target capture (TC) method specifically probing TAS2Rs followed by massive-parallel sequencing for nine cercopithecid species (seven cercopithecines: two Papio, two Macaca, one each of Cercopithecus, Chlorocebus and Erythrocebus species; two colobines: one each of Semnopithecus and Colobus species). We show that TC is far more effective than WGS in retrieving gene sequence and distinguishing intact and disrupted genes. We also find bitter taste gene composition differs among the species. Further studies are required to investigate whether difference of gene composition result in difference of receptor sensitivity and behavioral reactivity to bitter compounds.

著者

Kazuhiro Nogita Mathew C. Greaves Benjamin D. Guymer Bernard B. Walsh James M. Kennedy Michael D. Duke Tetsuro Nishimura

出版者

The Japan Institute of Electronics Packaging

雑誌

Transactions of The Japan Institute of Electronics Packaging (ISSN:18833365)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.3, no.1, pp.104-109, 2010 (Released:2011-04-21)

参考文献数

10

被引用文献数

3 5

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The authors produced a demonstration electric vehicle, "Deep Green Research," based on a Honda Civic, in which critical electrical connections were soldered with a lead-free Sn–Cu–Ni–Ge alloy. This paper reports on the team's participation and completion in the Global Green Challenge, the world's largest solar car and eco car race, from Darwin to Adelaide, Australia that was run in late October, 2009. The successful completion of this course under the harsh conditions of the Australian outback proved the high reliability of the Sn–Cu–Ni–Ge lead-free solder joints in the control panels, cables, and connectors that had to carry the heavy current required to propel the vehicle over long distances at speeds of up to 104 km/hour. The vehicle set a new record for the longest distance travelled on a single charge by a car that satisfies relevant Australian safety regulations. This distance of 360 km was achieved using lithium-ion batteries with a total capacity of 33 kWh and resulted in an award in the category "Modified Production Class — Small Car (Electric)".

著者

Melley Christopher めりー くりすとふぁー メリー クリストファー 沖縄キリスト教学院大学人文学部英語コミュニケーション学科非常勤講師・Ph.D(哲学)

出版者

沖縄キリスト教学院大学

雑誌

沖縄キリスト教学院大学論集 = Okinawa Christian University Review (ISSN:13498479)

巻号頁・発行日

no.13, pp.47-57, 2017-02-10

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多くの他大学がそうであるように沖縄キリスト教大学もまた内外的に深刻な難問に直面している。この論文はこうした深刻な難問を概説し、人々の多様性を育てる学びの実行可能な中心的存在とその機能を果たすということがどのようなことを意味するのかを根本的に再考し、そして、持続可能な改革と洗練された改善法を採用し、各学部によって見出された本大学が保有する学術的強みを活かすことにより、沖縄の未来の貴重な一部を本大学が担うという可能性を高める具体的な手順を提案する。

著者

HAN C. D.

雑誌

J. Appl. Polym. Sci.

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, pp.2913-2918, 1976

被引用文献数

1 2

著者

マイケル・D.コウ著 加藤泰建 長谷川悦夫訳

出版者

創元社

巻号頁・発行日

2003