著者

碓井 真史

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2, no.1, pp.25-31, 1986-11-05 (Released:2016-11-19)

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The effect of reward and information on subsequent intrinsic motivation were investigated. In Exp. 1 subjects were given information that they were high or low in interest in the task. High-information subjects were more intrinsically motivated than low-information subjects. The effect of information was discussed in terms of self-perception theory. In Exp. 2 subjects were assigned to one of three conditions : (1) no reward condition, (2) reward condition, (3) reward with information condition. In the 3rd condition subjects were given information that rewarder had no intention of controlling subjects with the reward. The reward condition was found to reduce intrinsic motivation relative to no reward condition. But reward condition accompanied with the appropriate information did not decrease intrinsic motivation relative to no reward condition. The result suggests that the effect of rewards on intrinsic motivation depends on the interpersonal context of rewarder and rewardee.

著者

亀ヶ谷 雅彦

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, no.2, pp.134-146, 1995-01-31 (Released:2016-12-03)

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This paper carried out quantitative content analysis of articles in "Political Psychology", which is the journal of International Society of Political Psychology (ISPP), in order to realize how different academic disciplines get together as a new field. This study assumed "two-steps development model" in interdisciplinary process; from Multidisciplinary stage (where political science and psychology are well specialized but co-exist in a same field) to Interdisciplinary one (where basic theories and methods of both disciplines are so involved that the number of cooperated studies increase). Results of first analysis told that present phase of political psychology locates between them. Later examination proved that there is the tendency to change from multidisciplinary stage into interdisciplinary one in the aspects of the extent of cooperated studies and research methods sharing, but diversity of article's subject is decreasing according to polypsy integration. Finally, the author noted some implications about professional education to promote interdisciplinary concatenation in political psychology.

著者

村山 綾 三浦 麻子

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, no.1, pp.51-59, 2012-08-31 (Released:2017-03-01)

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This study focused on perceived relationship conflict and task conflict within groups and investigated the possible misperceptions and differences in preferences of conflict management behavior. Both types of conflict were manipulated in a crossed design with respect to their conflict level, resulting in four different scenarios (i.e., low conflict, relationship conflict, task conflict, and mixed conflict situations). Two hundred and thirty-one undergraduate students were asked to answer (1) perceived task and relationship conflict within each scenario and (2) preferred management behavior in that situation. Results showed that both types of conflict could be misperceived with regard to the other. Avoidant management behavior was preferred more in the relationship conflict situation than the task conflict situation. In addition, preferred management behavior in the mixed conflict situation, where both relationship and task conflict were strongly perceived, was the same as the management behavior in the relationship conflict situation. Differences in management behavior in each conflict situation were discussed based on the dual process theory.

著者

小森 めぐみ

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, no.3, pp.149-155, 2018

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<p>This study attempted to replicate Kamise, Hori, and Okamoto's (2010) survey on perceived occupational stigma among Japanese workers by conducting a survey with employees in a <i>host club</i>—a male cabaret club—in the Kansai region, Japan, to investigate their perceived occupational stigma, coping strategies, occupational self-esteem, and egalitarian sex-role attitudes. The results showed that host-club employees perceived extreme occupational stigma, where novices, part-time workers, and those with fewer work assignments showed higher levels of perceived stigma. Regarding coping strategies, attribution of discrimination and disengagement were used frequently, while valuing and group identification were used only rarely. Structural equation modeling showed that group identification positively enhanced occupational self-esteem. However, contrary to previous research, individuals who perceived more stereotyping rarely used group identification. Stigma awareness facilitated attribution of discrimination, resulting in lowered occupational self-esteem, and egalitarian sex-role attitude significantly influenced valuing and attribution of discrimination.</p>

著者

金政 祐司 大坊 郁夫

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, no.1, pp.59-76, 2003-08-06 (Released:2017-01-13)

被引用文献数

5

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This study was conducted to examine the effects of early adult attachment styles on intimate opposite-sex relationships. In particular, this study focused on the theoretical duality of attachment. Thus, for examining the validity and adjustability of attachment styles on both relational and general distinctions, the images toward romantic love and experiences in a specific relationship were distinguished in this study. Subjects were 449 undergraduates. The results revealed that (a) "secure" individuals tended to have relatively positive images toward romantic love, showed high scores on Sternberg's three components of love, and valued the importance of the relationship highly, (b) oppositely, "avoidant" individuals had relatively negative images toward romantic love, showed low scores on the three components of love, and did not regard the relationship as important, and (c) "ambivalent" individuals tended to hold an image of romantic love as one which imposes restraints from their partner. Moreover, causal models of the influence process among variables were constructed and analyzed for each attachment style, and the results showed that three attachment styles had different influence processes respectively. These indicated the self-fulfillment of attachment styles. These results are discussed in terms of the validity and continuity of attachment styles.

著者

神山 貴弥 藤原 武弘

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.6, no.3, pp.184-192, 1991-03-20 (Released:2016-11-30)

被引用文献数

15

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The purpose of this study was to develop a Japanese version of the Need for Cognition Scale (NCS). Forty-five items, which had been used in the United States to measure NCS, were administered to three groups. Subjects in the first and second groups consisted of university students, and these groups were surveyed in succession with an interval of one year. Further, subjects in the second group answered the items twice with one month between administrations. Subjects in the third group were not university students. Each set of data obtained from the three groups was factor analyzed and one major factor was extracted. The fifteen items, which gave high loadings on the first factor and had no sex difference on scores, were selected as the Japanese version of NCS. The reliability of NCS was confirmed by the test-retest method, the split-half method, and the internal consistency method. Construct validity was also examined.

著者

渡辺 席子

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, no.2, pp.77-86, 1995

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This study investigates the roles that two types of information-prototype and exemplar-play in the formation of "blood type stereotypes." The result of a questionnaire study (with 112 college students) confirmed hypotheses concerning the role played by these two types of information. A substantial discrepancy was found between the subjects' beliefs about the blood type-relevant personality traits and the commonly and publicly assumed blood type traits. There also found a substantial variation in subjects' beliefs in this respect. It was found that the exemplar information played an important role, at least among some respondents, in the formation of the "blood type stereotype," such that subjects generalized their personality traits as the traits typical to people with the blood type of their own. The other respondents, on the other hand, seemed to have formed the "blood type stereotype" by adopting the prototypical personality traits commonly believed to characterize people of their blood type.

著者

常岡 充子 高野 陽太郎

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.2, pp.93-100, 2012-01-31 (Released:2017-02-22)

被引用文献数

1

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The purpose of this experiment was to examine a causal relation between perspective-taking and verbal aggression. A participant conducted verbal communication through a computer with another supposed participant (actually, a computer program). Half of the participants first performed a task that was designed to activate perspective-taking, whereas the other half first performed a different task that was designed not to activate perspective-taking. In verbal communication, it was found that those who had not activated perspective-taking increased the number of instances of verbal aggression as the alleged counterpart became more aggressive, whereas those who had activated perspective-taking did not. This finding suggests that activation of perspective-taking has the effect of suppressing an increase in verbal aggression toward a person who increases verbal aggression.

著者

鈴木 淳子

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.11, no.3, pp.149-158, 1996-03-30 (Released:2016-12-04)

被引用文献数

3

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This study explores the relationship between 233 women's egalitarianism in sex role attitudes and their work experiences (current employment status and managerial positions) and the desired patterns of career and promotion. The respondents are in their 20s and the first half of the 30s. They work (currently or previously) in Tokyo, and they have completed the short-form of the Scale of Egalitarian Sex Role Attitudes (SESRA-S). Analyses of variance indicate that the above mentioned 4 employment variables are related significantly and positively to the level of egalitarianism in sex role attitudes. Stepwise multiple regression analysis suggests that the most important predicting variables of egalitarian sex role attitudes of young working women are the desired career patterns, current employment status, and age. That is, a woman from 20-35 years old who has a high career commitment, has been working in the same workplace, and is older is most likely to have a higher egalitarian sex role attitude.

著者

鈴木 淳子

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2, no.2, pp.45-54, 1987-03-31 (Released:2016-11-19)

被引用文献数

2

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The present paper aims 1) to construct an objective feminism scale which measures the level of awareness of sexual equality and the independence of Japanese women and 2) to test the reliability and validity of this scale. A survey was conducted of 174 women between the ages of 20 and 59. The questionnaire consisted of 2 parts: 1) a feminism scale and 2) demographic and psychographic variables. The responses to the scale were statistically analyzed using GP analysis, factor analysis and coefficient reliability. The results show that the scale is reliable as a measurement of feminist awareness as I have defined it. The subjects were (1) divided into three groups (high, medium, low) on their level of awareness and (2) classified into groups for each variable. The fact that significant quantitative differences were found among the 3 groups based on various demographic and psychographic characteristics (e.g. age, education, marital status, work/plans and role consciousness) indicates the validity of the scale.

著者

松井 豊 山本 真理子

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1, no.1, pp.9-14, 1985-10-05 (Released:2016-11-18)

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Male students differing in the degree of their self-esteem rated the impressions of ten female photographs and made a choice of their dating partner. The rating scales included 19 personality and appearance traits, liking scales, and the subjects' fear of rejection. Four factors emerged as a result of a factor analysis of the 19 personality and appearance traits: homeliness, physical attractiveness, liveliness, and individuality. The findings were as follows : (a) liking for females was not only determined by their physical attractiveness but also by their homeliness ; (b) subject's self-esteem did not influence whom they choose as his date ; (c) liking of the high self-esteem subjects (HSE) were influenced more strongly by the physical attractiveness of the female than the low self-esteem subjects (LSE); (d) only the LSE was attracted more to females with high individuality; (e) LSE's liking score was strongly influenced by fear-of-rejection score. These findings suggest that the matching hypothesis should take into account factors other than physical attractiveness, i.e. desirable personality traits judged from the appearance of the other sex and also the self-esteem of the subject.

著者

林 幸史

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.1819, (Released:2019-10-21)

参考文献数

39

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The purpose of this study is to use the travel photo method (TPM) to reveal the kinds of tourist attractions that cause travelers to be attracted to tourist destinations. In the investigation, we obtained the cooperation of 75 travelers. As a result of analyzing 742 supplied photographs, European and American travelers assessed the attractiveness of Nara through the subjects of temple and shrine architecture, modern architecture, statues of Buddha, and Japanese homes, while Asian tourists did so through subjects such as food and shops, lanterns, and torii (gateways to Shinto shrines). Among the Japanese travelers, the group who had visited many times assessed the attractiveness of Nara through the subjects of stone ruins and flora, while the group who had visited fewer times did so through the subjects of fellow travelers, temple and shrine architecture, and deer. Further, the results showed that travelers' tourism experiences in Nara can be broadly divided into three types. Based on these, we considered the practical significance of assessments of the attractiveness of tourist destinations using TPM.

著者

堀川 佑惟 岡 隆

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.1728, (Released:2018-11-10)

参考文献数

36

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We attempted to develop and validate the Japanese 20-item version of the Attitudes Toward Lesbians and Gay Men Scale (ATLG-J20) based on the original scale developed by Herek (1988). The ATLG-J20 consisted of 20 statements, 10 about lesbians (ATL-J Subscale) and 10 about gay men (ATG-J Subscale), and respondents indicated their levels of agreement or disagreement with those statements. The results showed that ATL-J and ATG-J have factorial validity, reliability, and convergent validity. Moreover, the correlations between those subscales and social desirability responses were not significant. Although there was no significant correlation between those subscales and implicit attitudes, it was suggested that ATLG-J20 is a valid scale as an explicit measure.

著者

山岸 俊男 渡部 幹 林 直保子 高橋 伸幸 山岸 みどり

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.11, no.3, pp.206-216, 1996-03-30 (Released:2016-12-04)

被引用文献数

2

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An experiment was conducted to test three hypotheses concerning effects of social uncertainty and general trust on commitment formation, hypotheses derived from Yamagishi & Yamagishi's (1994) theory of trust. First two hypotheses were supported, while the last one was not. First, increasing social uncertainty facilitated commitment formation. Second, low general trusters formed mutually committed relations more often than did high trusters. Finally, the prediction that the effect of general trust on commitment formation would be stronger in the high uncertainty condition than in the low uncertainty condition was not supported. Theoretical implications of these findings for the theory of trust advanced by Yamagishi and his associates are discussed.

著者

垣内 理希 山岸 俊男

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, no.3, pp.212-221, 1997-03-31 (Released:2016-12-06)

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This study examined the development of trusting relationships as investments in relation-specific assets. A new experimental game called "the dilemma of variable interdependency" was created based on iterated prisoner's dilemma game, in which subjects faced a choice of increasing or decreasing the level of dependency in addition to the usual choice between cooperation and defection. Results of the experiment confirmed the hypothesis that high-trusters (those who have a strong belief in human benevolence) would take a risk of making themselves vulnerable to exploitative behavior of the partner more strongly than low-trusters. This resulted in formation of mutually highly dependent relationships among high-trusters. It was further demonstrated that the subjects' levels of trust affect their cooperation levels when they were given an option to choose the level of dependence but not in the ordinary two-person, iterated PD.

著者

真島 理恵 山岸 俊男 松田 昌史

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, no.3, pp.175-183, 2004-03-15 (Released:2017-01-13)

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The purpose of this study was to examine the role of trust in relationships between temporary partners. In this study, we predicted that trust would play a "signaling" role in promoting mutual cooperation, even in relationships with unfixed or temporary partners. To examine this prediction, we conducted an experiment using two different games. We used the repeated PD/D (prisoner's dilemma with choice of dependence) game, which can measure trusting behavior independently from cooperation. Also, we used the ordinary PD game in which there is no option for trust. Seventy participants were assigned to either the PD/D condition or the ordinary PD condition. In both conditions, players interacted with a randomly matched partner in each trial. The results reveal that the cooperation rate in the PD/D game was significantly higher than that in the PD game. Such a finding indicates that trust serves as a signal of the player's intention, which in turn, promotes mutual cooperation. However, in a similar experiment in which players interacted with the same partner, Matsuda & Yamagishi (2001) found a much lower cooperation rate in the PD/D condition than what was found in this experiment. Therefore, we conclude that the role of trust in non-fixed relationships has only a limited effect for promoting mutual cooperation.

著者

寺井 滋 山岸 俊男 渡部 幹

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, no.2, pp.94-103, 2003-12-15 (Released:2017-01-13)

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Using computer simulations, this study examined whether mutual cooperation can occur in social dilemmas characterized by the absence of a central authority. In the absence of a central authority, provision of a sanctioning system that administers selective incentives-a well referred solution to social dilemmas-constitutes a second-order social dilemma. The purpose of this study was to examine whether the generalized tit-for-tat (TFT) strategy, which is an extended version of tit-for-tat that is applied in n-person games, can help solve the second-order social dilemma. The results of computer simulations indicated that the second-order social dilemma could be resolved when group members adopt the Generalized TFT. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that the Generalized TFT strategy could survive and prosper in a population originally dominated by "probabilistic actors."

著者

神 信人

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, no.3, pp.190-198, 1997-03-31 (Released:2016-12-06)

被引用文献数

2

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The purpose of this study is to test a new hypothesis for the group identity effects in social dilemmas, the effect that common group membership promotes cooperation. According to the proposed hypothesis, people prefer to cooperate with ingroup members because they expect reciprocal responses from ingroup, but not from outgroup members. In other words, people are considered to expect generalized reciprocity to exist within groups but not beyond group boundaries. Based on this hypothesis, it was predicted that the previously observed group identity effect-subjects facing a prisoner's dilemma cooperate more with an ingroup member than with an outgroup member-exists only when the partner shares the membership information. When the partner does not know that the subject shares the same group membership, group identity effect is predicted not to emerge. Result of an experiment with 78 subjects clearly supported this prediction and rejected alternative hypotheses based on psychological distance(Krammer & Brewer, 1984), social identity (Billig & Tajfel, 1973), and ingroup stereotype (Brewer, 1978).

著者

寺井 滋 森田 康裕 山岸 俊男

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, no.3, pp.172-179, 2003-03-31 (Released:2017-01-07)

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Two experiments using the "Prisoner's Dilemma with Variable Dependence" with a total of 70 subjects are reported. The cooperation rate was extremely high (95.1%) while the game was being repeated, but only half of the subjects cooperated in the final game. This suggests that cooperation in ongoing relations is supported by the "shadow of the future" (Axelrod, 1984). Nonetheless, most subjects trusted a partner who had behaved cooperatively toward them in the repeated games (i.e., under an incentive structure that encouraged such behavior), even in the final game, in which such an incentive basis was absent. This result indicates that the subjects failed to distinguish the two bases of expecting benign behavior from interaction partners-trust based on the inferred personal traits of the partner and assurance of cooperation based on the nature of the incentive structure.

著者

伊藤 忠弘

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, no.1, pp.37-38, 2017-08-31 (Released:2017-09-05)