著者

村上 幸史

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, no.3, pp.147-157, 2013-03-31 (Released:2017-03-03)

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Murakami (2009) demonstrated the tendency toward underestimating the possible success of uncertain events after "lucky" events in terms of "Luck Resource Belief." However, this notion does not necessarily entail a consequent decision to avoid a high-risk option due to low expectations. A "relativity hypothesis of luck" has been proposed to explain this tendency from the perspective of the relative value of several relevant events. This hypothesis suggests that a lucky result by itself does not carry a negative value. Indeed, when considerations include future outcomes, the value of the lucky outcome shifts, which demonstrates relative cognitive change. To examine this change and the tendency to assign value to lucky results, we distributed questionnaires (Study 1) and conducted an experiment involving predictions about the actual outcomes of World Cup soccer matches (Study 2). The results indicated that the occurrence of a lucky event before subsequent important events was associated with avoidance of a high-risk option only for respondents with a "Luck Resource Belief," because this belief involves devaluing the lucky outcome before subsequent important events. These results support the "relativity hypothesis of luck" and are discussed in terms of their implication for anticipated regret.

著者

塩谷 芳也

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, no.3, pp.157-169, 2014-03-17 (Released:2017-02-28)

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Th purpose of the study is to examine the impact of received social support on the mental health of victims of the Great East Japan Earthquake. An Internet survey was conducted on September 9, 2011. Participants were victims of the disaster aged 18-69 years who lived in Miyagi prefecture (N=1,000). Depression was measured using the Japanese version of K6. Types and times of social support received within one month from the earthquake were measured. Samples were divided into lightly damaged victims (n=781) and severely damaged victims (n=219). Statistical analyses showed that cases who received "psychological encour-agement" tend to have depression after half a year of the earthquake only in the case of lightly damaged victims. Controlling for stressful events such as the death of family members and depression in the one month following the earthquake, psychological encouragement maintained a significant effect on depression for half a year from the earthquake. The mechanism that produced this correlation was explained in terms of the ambiguous and unstable identity of lightly damaged victims of the disaster.

著者

杉山 幸子

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, no.1, pp.13-21, 1993

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Two hundred and ten members of a Japanese new religion. Mahikari, responded to a 6-page questionnaire. First, a factor analysis was performed to identify four dimensions of religiosity: belief, religious behavior, experiences, and the affective bonds of membership. Secondly, factor scores were subjected to ANACOVA to examine the effects of sex, age and the length of membership on each dimension. The results indicated that women had more religious experiences than men, and that people became more active in their religious behavior with age. In addition, youths were more affected than adults, and many late adolescent males had doubts about the teachings. The length of membership in Mahikari, on the other hand, was shown to have a positive effect on behavior.

著者

原田 耕太郎

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, no.2, pp.104-110, 2013

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It is expected in existing theories that bias suppression, known to be a procedural justice norm (Leventhal, 1980), has a positive influence on perceived fairness and that egocentric bias causes perceivers to make a positive response to favorable outcomes more than to unfavorable ones. In addition, we tend to exhibit egocentric bias when unfavorable outcomes emerge; an interaction between the favorability of an outcome and egocentric bias is therefore to be expected. That is, perceived fairness would be lower in unfavorable outcome without bias suppression than in others. For the sake of meeting expectations, we have availed ourselves of modified scenarios from Study 1 of De Cremer (2004). Sixty undergraduate students participated in this study, of whom 55 were analyzed. Almost all of the results are to meet expectations. It can be considered that procedural justice might be superior to egocentric bias in perceived fairness; however, the influence of egocentric bias should not be disregarded.

著者

佐藤 浩輔 大沼 進

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, no.2, pp.94-103, 2013

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The current study investigates the influence of social factors, such as self-interest and involvement, on trust and its determinants, in the context of public decision-making in government, through two scenario experiments. In both experiments, participants' involvement (high/low) and, subsequent interest in the high-involvement condition (agreed/opposed) were manipulated and two trust models were compared: a traditional model, which regards expectation about intention and competence as the component of trust; and an SVS model, which regards perceived salient value similarity as the primary determinant of trust. Two hypotheses were tested: 1) conflict of interest diminishes trust and value similarity; 2) expectation of the government's intention consistently predicts trust in government, regardless of self-interest. The results supported both hypotheses. Implications of value similarity in the context of public decision-making are discussed.

著者

宮崎 弦太 池上 知子

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, no.3, pp.219-226, 2011

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From the perspectives of interdependence theory and sociometer theory, we tested the hypothesis that greater costs of relationship loss lead to heightened sensitivity to rejection cues and to increased motivation to behave in more relationship-constructive ways. We conducted a questionnaire study in which 319 undergraduates listed activities they shared with their closest same-sex friend and indicated how they would feel and behave if they were rejected. As predicted, a greater amount of shared activities with a friend led individuals to experience stronger negative self-relevant feelings following imaginary rejection by that friend, which in turn generally promoted relationship-constructive behaviors (and inhibited relationship-destructive ones). The results suggest that state self-esteem effectively functions as a relationship maintenance mechanism.

著者

石黒 格 安野 智子 柴内 康文

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, no.2, pp.114-123, 2000

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Nowak & Latane (1994) conducted computer simulation of adaptive agent bound to network structure and found "consolidation" and "clustering". They claimed minority could remain in the system by clustering. They ignored, however, people living in modern society have global information about the system they live in. What will be changed, or not changed, when all agents in Latane et al.'s simulation have global information about the system and adapt to it? Our study examined this point by adding the "fifth agent" as the "generalized other", which represented global information about the ratio of minority and majority, to Latane et al.'s simulation. We found clustering appear only when the majority initially dominated the system in number. And we also found that the system stay chaotic under the condition that minority initially occupied considerable area of the system. These findings imply that homogeneous global information promotes not homogeneous but heterogeneous society.

著者

杉本 助男

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1, no.2, pp.27-34, 1986

被引用文献数

1

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Mental processes of twelve subjects who underwent thee days of sensory restriction were analyzed upon their self-reports and behaviors emitted during the experiment. Five categories of subject's reaction to the environment of sensory restriction, thinking and fantasy, perceptual experience, emotional state, emitted behavior and posture, and alpha frequencies of EEG, could be better information to estimate the degree of subject's mental deterioration. In order to search the critical point of tolerance for sensory restriction, three types of reaction style, emotion expression, regression-stability and reality coping, were classified. It was suggested that occurrence of impulsive emotion for emotion expression style, recollection of child days in a half-day long for regression-stability style and strong expression of unplesant emotion for reality coping style might be critical for sensory restriction.

著者

三隅 二不二 渥美 公秀 矢守 克也

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.4, no.1, pp.11-22, 1989-03-15 (Released:2016-11-23)

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The inhabitants' response before and after a landslide disaster was examined. The disaster was characterized by the following three distinctive features. First, in one of the damaged areas, the inhabitants were given, a week in advance, an instruction to evacuate because of an eventual landslide. However, no landslide occurred then. Second, in another damaged area, where no pre-instruction were given, there were 26 victims, while no person was victimized to death in the area mentioned above. Third, some inhabitants constituted a committee to cope with the disaster. We conducted a series of research using face-to-face interview and questionnaire method. 145 of the 241 inhabitants answered the questionnaire. The results showed three major points. First, the instruction for evacuation in the case of pre-landslide, was perceived positively by the inhabitants. Second, some interpersonal networks formed by the inhabitants had much positive effects on their coping with the disaster. Third, the inhabitants tended to believe that the landslide was due more to technical and organizational reasons after and before the disaster than to natural ones.

著者

山中 祥子 山 祐嗣 余語 真夫

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.2, pp.101-108, 2012

被引用文献数

1

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This study investigated implicit attitudes toward high-fat foods among female undergraduate students. The existence of conflict between implicit negative attitudes and approach attitudes toward high-fat foods was predicted. Implicit attitudes were measured using the Implicit Association Test (IAT; Greenwald, McGhee, & Schwartz, 1998). This test has two attribute categories: positive-negative and approach-avoidance. In Experiment 1, food stimuli were presented using words. The results showed an implicit negative attitude toward high-fat foods, but no approach attitude. In Experiment 2, pictures were used as food stimuli. Here, the results showed both an implicit negative attitude and an implicit approach attitude toward high-fat food. However, no difference was seen in implicit attitude toward high-fat foods between the group with high intention of intake restraint and the group with low intention. These results partly supported the prediction for this study. The relationships of implicit negative attitudes and implicit approach attitudes toward high-fat foods, and eating behavior, were discussed.

著者

碓井 真史

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.7, no.2, pp.85-91, 1992

被引用文献数

2

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The effects of perceived competence and self-determination on intrinsic motivation were investigated. Perceived competence was manipulated by positive or neative verbal feedback. Self-deterermination was manipulated by "cognitive priming questionnaires" (Porac & Meindl, 1982). The subjects were 54 university students. Each subject was randomly assigned to one condition of a two (perceived competence: positive or negative) × three (self-determination: high, control, or low) design. The results showed a significant correlation between perceived competence and intrinsic motivation, but no correlation when there was no self-determination. These results were discussed in cognitive evaluation theory and self-determination theory.

著者

尾崎 由佳

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.1, pp.68-69, 2016-08-25 (Released:2016-08-25)

著者

田中 大貴

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, no.1, pp.21-24, 2013

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Whether people punish an unfair partner has been investigated using the ultimatum game, in which a proposer makes an offer of how to divide a fixed amount of money between him/herself and a responder, and the responder decides whether to accept or reject the proposer's offer. Previous studies have revealed that it is the proposer's unfair intention, rather than the unfair offer itself, that increases the rejection rate. However, all of the previous studies employed the strategy method, wherein the responders had to decide whether to reject various offers before examining the proposer's actual offer. The primary purpose of the present study was to examine whether the effect of unfair intention would be replicated when the responders made their decision upon receipt of the proposer's offer. Accordingly, in the present study, participants received an unfair offer (i.e., the proposer would take 90% of the resource) that was made intentionally or unintentionally, and then decided whether to accept it. The result showed that the unfair offer was rejected more frequently in the intention condition than the no-intention condition.

著者

結城 雅樹

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, no.1, pp.80-81, 2004

著者

山脇 望美 山本 雄大 熊谷 智博 大渕 憲一

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, no.1, pp.25-31, 2013

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The present study attempted to examine whether explicit and implicit measures of aggressiveness would predict aggressive behavior and whether the effects would be moderated by provocation. Seventy-one students voluntarily participated in the experiment, with their explicit aggressiveness measured by the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire (BAQ) and their implicit aggressiveness measured by the Implicit Association Test (IAT). Aggressive behavior was deduced by the levels of unpleasant noises which the participants gave a partner in the evaluation of his/her drawings either in the provocation or non-provocation conditions. The results showed that only IAT was significantly related with the level of unpleasant noises, independently of provocation, suggesting that aggressive behavior was predicted by the implicit measure of aggressiveness but not by the explicit measure of it.

著者

下田 俊介

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, no.1, pp.70-76, 2009

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This study investigated whether affective reaction predicted by the extended self-evaluation maintenance (extended SEM) model (e.g., Beach & Tesser, 1995) would be applicable to close relationships with same-sex friends. Participants (N=232) recalled or imagined eight SEM situations (defined by crossing high and low self-relevance with high and low partner-relevance with whether self outperforms partner or partner outperforms self) with close friend (N=81), romantic partner (N=98), and acquaintance (N=53). They then reported affective reactions to these occasions. As a result, the pattern of sympathy reaction to the partner predicted by the extended SEM model in the high self-relevance domain was shown to close friend and romantic partner. For acquaintance, contrary to the prediction, the pattern of affective reactions predicted by the extended SEM model was shown, regardless of the self-relevance domain. These findings were discussed in terms of the basic assumption of the (original) SEM model and the tendency of Japanese students to think of a relationship even with an acquaintance as very important.

著者

前田 洋光

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, no.1, pp.58-67, 2008

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Currently, brand equity has various definitions and forms. In this study, brand equity is defined, from the cognitive aspects of consumers, as "a set of brand values perceived by consumers based on past brand-marketing conducted by a corporation." The purpose of this study is to examine the structural analysis of brand equity. The author conducted a survey of three brand categories (tea, shampoo, and PCs) on 274 undergraduates. The main findings were as follows: (a) Brand equity consists of primary values (qualitative values) and secondary values (incremental values beyond product quality), (b) The value that consumers attribute to a corporation (corporate value) affects brand equity directly or indirectly, (c) Brand equity causes "consumer-brand relation-ships." (d) These "relationships" influence secondary value. Based on these findings, the validity of a circulated brand equity model is discussed.

著者

山本 真菜 岡 隆

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, no.3, pp.149-159, 2016-03-18 (Released:2016-03-28)

参考文献数

34

被引用文献数

2

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Stereotype suppression leads to paradoxical effects (i.e., stereotype suppression facilitates the use of that stereotype). However, studies on paradoxical effects in stereotype suppression have not sufficiently addressed the relationship between paradoxical effects and individual differences in cognitive tendencies. The present study examined the relationship between cognitive complexity in person perception and the paradoxical effects of stereotype suppression. First, the participants answered a Rep test (role construct repertory test) that served as a measure of cognitive complexity. Second, they were given a sentence-stem completion task that served as a manipulation of stereotype suppression. Third, they were given a lexical decision task and the response latencies of the stereotypic vs. non-stereotypic words were recorded. The results indicated that the participants who were low in cognitive complexity showed paradoxical effects, while those who were high in cognitive complexity did not show paradoxical effects. A relationship between cognitive complexity and paradoxical effects was indicated.

著者

荒川 歩 菅原 郁夫

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, no.1, pp.73-88, 2010

被引用文献数

1

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To maximize the value of jury deliberations, it is important to recognize how lay citizens in a mixed-court jury think about communication during deliberations. In this study, we analyzed jury deliberations during a mock mixed-court jury trial to examine situations in which jurors feel satisfaction or otherwise, and the situations in which they agree with an opinion. We examined several forms of data: A videotape of the deliberation process; pre- and post-trial questionnaires completed by six jurors who participated in the mock trial; and post-trial interviews with the same jurors. Some jurors thought that the opinion needed to be well-founded, and a juror who agreed with that thought was satisfied with the deliberation process. However, those jurors who were unable to discern the reasoning behind the opinion were not satisfied with the deliberation process. If there are relationships between satisfaction and agreement with the rule, these findings suggest that communication during deliberation needs to appear valid not only from the point of view of an observer but also from the perspective of jury members.

著者

辻本 昌弘 國吉 美也子 與久田 巌

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, no.2, pp.162-172, 2007

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In order to examine resource exchange organizations in local communities, we conducted a case study of rotating savings and credit associations (ROSCAs). In a ROSCA, participants regularly contribute resources to form a fund and distribute it to each participant in a rotation. Based on field research in the Okinawa Islands, the following characteristics were apparent : (1) Selection of participants is based on face-to-face relationships, such that participants know each other, in order to solve the free-rider problem; (2) The materialization of a ROSCA leads, in turn, to the strengthening of face-to-face relationships. We suggest that together, these two characteristics enable participants to maintain and develop a resource exchange. In addition, we describe the life history of one of the participants in order to examine the historical background of ROSCA.