著者

宮崎 弦太 池上 知子

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.3, pp.164-174, 2015-03-20 (Released:2015-06-07)

参考文献数

26

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Commitment and expectations of acceptance in relationships promote relationship-repairing behaviors in response to interpersonal rejection. The present study examined differences between these factors in the mediation process, and the moderating role of attachment orientation in the process. One hundred and seventy-eight undergraduate students participated in a questionnaire study, in which they reported their attachment orientation, rated their degrees of commitment and expectations of acceptance by a close friend, and indicated how they would feel and behave if that friend rejected them. Mediational analyses revealed that self-regard feelings partially mediated the association between commitment and relationship-repairing behaviors. Further analyses also showed that mediation effects disappeared among those with high attachment avoidance. There were only direct effects of expectations of acceptance on relationship-repairing behaviors regardless of attachment orientation. These results suggested that there are multiple pathways for promoting relationship-repairing behaviors in response to interpersonal rejection. In addition, this study discussed the implications of these findings for relationship-repairing mechanisms.

著者

菅 さやか 唐沢 穣

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, no.2, pp.180-188, 2006

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Recent studies have demonstrated that stereotypical expectations result in biases not only in memories and judgments, but in language use as well. The present study examined the effects of communicative contexts on verbal expressions of stereotype-relevant information. In order to do this, we developed a new linguistic index for content analyses, involving stereotypic representations. In our experiment undergraduate students were presented with behavioral descriptions of either an ingroup, or an out-group member, and were asked to describe their impressions. The stimulus information given to the students included both stereotype-consistent, and inconsistent cases. Results showed that the out-group member was described in more stereotype-consistent, abstract terms, than the in-group member. This was interpreted as higher tendency of bias against the out-group. Ultimately, the newly developed index was found to be useful in identifying dispositional expressions that are peculiar to the Japanese language. Finally, implications for the study of stereotypes as collectively shared representations are discussed.

著者

石井 辰典 竹澤 正哲

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.0941, (Released:2017-02-10)

参考文献数

24

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It has been argued that people selectively use two strategies, projection and stereotyping, to infer the mental state of others. Through a series of studies, Ames (2004) confirmed the hypothesis that people project their own mental state to the other when the target person is perceived to be similar to oneself, while the stereotype of a group or category to which the target person belongs is used for mental state inferences when the target is perceived to be dissimilar. Four replication studies of Ames (2004), however, consistently provided counterevidence against this hypothesis. Participants employed projection consistently, regardless of the perceived similarity to the target person. This result suggests that further examination of conditions that trigger different mental state inference strategies is needed.

著者

相川 充

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.14, no.2, pp.95-105, 1999

被引用文献数

2

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This study investigated the effects of social skills training on reducing loneliness. the 18 female students reporting the highest degree of self-reported loneliness were randomly assigned to a social skills training (SST) group or a no training control (NTC) group in the first experiment. Subjects in the SST group received eight 40-minute sessions over a 4-week period individually. Although subjects in the NTC group participated the same 1st and 8th sessions as those in the SST group did, they performed six tasks unrelated to social skills from the 2nd to 7th sessions. All subjects were asked to complete a self-reported questionnaire including measures of loneliness and social skills before and after the training sessions. Their behavior in hypothetical interpersonal situations were recorded in videotapes, and were rated by independent scorers in terms of social skills before and after the training. The second experiment was a follow-up test of the training effects 6 months later. The SST group was found to significantly higher in social skills and lower in the self-reported loneliness than the NTC group immediately after the training but not in the follow-up test.

著者

八ッ塚 一郎

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, no.3, pp.170-179, 2014-03-17 (Released:2017-02-28)

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Changes in the usage of the verb "ijimeru" (to bully) and the noun "ijime" (bullying) in Japanese news-paper articles were investigated. Full-text searches and postpositional particle analysis were performed on issues of three major Japanese newspapers published between 1987 and 2011. The passive form of ijimeru (to bully) was used much more often than was the active form during the entire period investigated. During several specific years, the noun, ijime (bullying), appeared as a subject very frequently, but this trend was not consistent, and the number of articles containing this word decreased in most of the other years. Ijime (bullying)refers to an action that occurs independently of any particular actor. As such, it would be expected to appear frequently during any period of time. However, the word is construed to refer to suffering endured by an unlucky passive victim or to rare events such as natural disasters. The dissociation of the denotation from the actual usage of ijime (bullying) as well as the use of the term ijime (bullying) more generally are discussed from the perspective of social representations.

著者

吉澤 英里

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, no.2, pp.104-112, 2013

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The effects of the motivational states of public speakers, such as rejection avoidance needs, as well as the presence or absence of an audience on psychophysiological responses when expecting to make a speech were investigated. Participants delivered a three-minute speech in a room with or without an audience. Participants completed the General Affects Scales before and after the speech, and the negative affect (NA) subscale scores of the scale were used to assess their psychological state. Salivary cortisol level was measured before and after the speech as an index of their physiological response. The results indicated that speakers with high rejection avoidance needs had greater NA prior to the speech regardless of the presence or absence of an audience. Moreover, they had increased cortisol levels only when speaking in front of an audience. Speakers with low rejection avoidance needs had greater NA when speaking in front of an audience, whereas they did not show increased cortisol levels, regardless of the presence or absence of an audience. These results suggest that when a speaker expects to deliver a speech, the speaker's motivational state and the presence or absence of an audience interactively cause changes in psychophysiological responses.

著者

及川 晴 及川 昌典

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, no.1, pp.24-31, 2012

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Similarities and differences between explicit and implicit moods were addressed by examining the affective consequences of suppressing emotional life events. Consistent with previous findings, explicit mood (PANAS) and implicit mood (IPANAT) were similarly affected by positive or negative mood inductions. Interestingly, however, when asked to suppress their emotions toward a positive or a negative life event, participants were able to do so for explicit mood, but not for implicit mood. These findings suggest that although the act of emotional suppression leads to changes in explicit accounts of one's own mood state, implicit affect remains active, which unconsciously spills over to later evaluative judgments. Implications of distinguishing explicit and implicit moods are discussed.

著者

清水 裕士

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, no.1, pp.73-74, 2015-08-31 (Released:2015-09-09)

著者

大江 朋子 岡 隆 横井 俊

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, no.1, pp.33-47, 2006

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Two studies were conducted to classify motivation and strategies for suppressing stereotypes of women, to identify relations between motivation and strategies, and to examine if they are related to sexism. In Study 1, students' statements as to motivation and strategies for suppressing stereotypes of women in an open-ended questionnaire were classified qualitatively. On the basis of these classifications, in Study 2, we developed measures of stereotype suppression and administered them to 390 students. Exploratory factor analyses yielded two factors for motivation ("denial of prejudice" and "maintenance of norm or relation") and two factors for strategies ("approach" and "avoidance"). A path analysis revealed that "maintenance of norm or relation" increased the adoption of "avoidance," whereas "denial of prejudice" decreased the adoption of "avoidance" and increased the adoption of "approach." Sexism was negatively correlated with "denial of prejudice," negatively correlated with "maintenance of norm or relation" for male students, and positively correlated with "avoidance" for female students. Results were discussed in terms of the promotion and reduction of stereotype activation by means of stereotype suppression.

著者

田村 美恵

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, no.3, pp.146-156, 2014

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Competitive and noncompetitive relationships were imposed between the two experimentally created groups according to the minimal-group paradigm. The 236 university participants received feedback either of their own success or failure performance outcomes, or an in-group member's success or failure performance outcomes. Control participants received no performance feedback. The results showed that participants given feedback of their own performance outcomes perceived high consensus for outcomes similar to their own in the in-group (false consensus effect), but not in the out-group both in competitive and noncompetitive intergroup conditions. Participants given feedback of an in-group member's performance outcomes perceived high consensus in the in-group, while they perceived low consensus in the out-group. This contrast pattern was more salient in the competitive than the noncompetitive intergroup condition. These results revealed interactive effects of intergroup contexts and feedback information on consensus estimates.

著者

小林 江里香 深谷 太郎 杉原 陽子 秋山 弘子 LIANG Jersey

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, no.3, pp.133-145, 2014

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This research examines how the linkages between different types of social networks and subjective wellbeing(SWB)vary across gender and age through structural equation modeling. Data came from a nationwide survey for older adults conducted in 1999 (N=3,482). SWB was measured by life satisfaction and depressive symptoms. A three-factors model for social networks showed a good fit, consisting of child contact, informal contact with friends and neighbors, and social participation related to groups/volunteer activities. The effects of four types of networks (i.e., spouse and the three factors) on SWB were compared among the 4 gender×age groups. Gender differences were more prominent among the young-old (63-74 years old) than the old-old (75 and over), namely, the effects of being married and social participation on life satisfaction were greater for males than females, whereas informal contact was more important for female life satisfaction and depression. Among the old-old, the association between child contact and SWB was stronger than among the young-old. Further research is needed to ascertain whether the age differences result from aging and/or cohort variations.

著者

友野 隆成

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, no.3, pp.221-226, 2010

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This study examined whether interpersonal intolerance of ambiguity (IIA) has effects on mental health mediating dispositional interpersonal stress-coping based on an interpersonal stress model. Three hundred and nine university students participated in the study. They were asked to complete a Revised Interpersonal Intolerance of Ambiguity Scale (IIAS-R), a Stress Response Scale (SRS), and a dispositional Interpersonal Stress coping Inventory (ISI). Covariance structural analysis showed that IIA had a positive effect on stress response mediating dispositional negative relationship-oriented coping, and had a direct positive effect on stress response, respectively. But no significant mediation effect of dispositional postponed-solution coping was obtained. These results suggested that a combination of IIA and a specific maladaptive coping style had a negative effect on mental health.

著者

今在 慶一朗 今在 景子

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, no.2, pp.119-130, 2010

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Thibaut & Walker (1975) argued that disputants perceive fairness and are satisfied through a procedure which is easy to control because they intend to maximize their interests in a civil action. In such a theory, it is considered that the nature of procedural justice which disputants feel is satisfaction with the self-interest. However, in this study, we predicted that people would distinguish concern for procedural justice from concern for self-interest. The disputant's concern for self-interest would not be unlimited and the impression that the benefit is maximized within fair procedure would repress their feeling of relative deprivation and promote their acceptance of the result. We conducted research on people who engaged in a trial as disputants of civil actions and made an analysis of advantageous respondents, disadvantageous respondents, juridical persons, natural humans, and all respondents. It was confirmed that procedural justice promotes acceptance of a result through the restraint of relative deprivation.

著者

野波 寛 加藤 潤三 中谷内 一也

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, no.2, pp.81-91, 2009

被引用文献数

1 1

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The present research investigated the legitimacy of actors that participate in managing natural resources as commons, and the determinants of their legitimacy. Legitimacy was defined as the approvability of the rights of others and the self, to participate in the management of the commons. Traits that actors expected of managers were highlighted as the determinants of legitimacy. We examined the effects of three traits: expertise, partyship, and locality. A questionnaire survey targeted three actors-farmers, fishermen, and other workers-involved in the red clay flow problem that has damaged the local sea in Ginoza village, in Okinawa. As a result, the legitimacy of farmers and fishermen was higher than that of civil servants. Results also indicated that the parties to the problem were more favored as managers than the experts, and that the actors favored local community members as managers over experts. Furthermore, the favored traits of managers as determinants of legitimacy were inconsistent among the actors. These suggested that the subjective locations of actors in participating in the control of the red clay flow were different from each other. The contributions of these findings to the expansion of social governance in managing the commons are discussed.

著者

池内 裕美 藤原 武弘

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, no.3, pp.169-178, 2009

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In life, people experience the loss of people they cherish, possessions, familiar environments, health, and of other things. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the psychological recovery process from loss, focusing on the differences among recovery processes by the type of loss, and the determinants of the length of recovery. Three hundred and ninety-seven participants (162 males, 235 females) who lived in Nishinomiya City were asked to complete a questionnaire by the mail-survey method. The main findings were as follows: (1) The differences among the recovery processes and the number of stages in the recovery process depended on the type of loss. (2) The recovery length was mainly affected by the type of loss, the existence of anticipatory grief, and the difference in age. It was indicated that people (especially elderly people) who did not have any anticipatory grief needed more time to recover. Furthermore, people needed more time to recover from physical loss and separation compared to other types of loss.

著者

稲増 一憲 池田 謙一

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, no.2, pp.103-112, 2009

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In this research, the effects of interpersonal relationships, psychological intimacy, and frequency of conversation on the motive to share new information or refer to shared information were examined by means of a survey using topic selections of conversation. There are contradictory findings in previous research on whether intimacy promotes referring to shared information or unshared information, as the studies confuse psychological intimacy and frequency of interaction. The results of our sampling survey showed that psychological intimacy increased topic selection based on the motive to share new information while frequency of conversations increased topic selection based on the motive to refer to shared information. In addition, psychological intimacy and frequency of conversations had an interaction effect on topic selection based on the motive to share new information. The results indicate that psychological intimacy and frequency of interaction should be distinguished, as this will assist in eliminating the confusion in previous studies.

著者

坂口 幸弘

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, no.3, pp.281-289, 2008

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The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between making sense of loss and of life-oriented coping and the influences of these on mental health. Study 1 was conducted on 144 bereaved families and revealed that making sense of loss was related with age at death, readiness for death, and social support. A longitudinal study (Study 2) was conducted on 88 bereaved families. The results showed that both making sense of loss and life-oriented coping influenced mental health, after controlling for previous mental health. There was no significant relationship between making sense of loss and life-oriented coping. These findings suggest that making sense of loss plays a critical role in the psychological process among bereaved families, whereas there is other process including life-oriented coping.

著者

文野 洋

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, no.1, pp.71-81, 2007

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This study investigated narrative styles and narrative relationships that were interactionally accomplished by a researcher and participants by conducting participant observation and interviews with 10 participants in an ecotour which contributes to the sustainability of a local community and its environment. Results indicated that two interviewer-interviewee relationships, "inquirer-respondent" and "tour-participants," different from each other in terms of their narrative styles and the visualization of co-membership, were accomplished during the interviews. They correspond to the two general concepts of narrative relationships: dialogic and coexistent (Yamada, 2004), respectively. This study also revealed that there was another important relationship, the "narrating-hearing experience," which is intermediate between the other two relationships. These findings imply the possibility that participatory research to examine the joint narrative of ecotours contributes to the practice of environmental education.

著者

唐沢 かおり 大高 瑞郁 竹内 真純

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, no.3, pp.178-187, 2010

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This study examined the determinants of the attitude toward public policy to support the unemployed elderly and middle-aged persons from the attributional perspective. A structural equation analysis of the survey data from 864 citizens revealed results mostly in accord with the attributional studies of support provision. That is, a negative impression of unemployed persons and a conservative political attitude led to the attribution of unemployment to personal causes, although the effect of the political attitude was weak. Moreover, the attribution to personal causes increased anger toward the unemployed persons, whereas the attribution to societal causes increased sympathy and approval for public policy to support those unemployed. The discussion also considered the role of anger in the attributional model of support provision and the structure of the causal perception of unemployment.

著者

大対 香奈子 松見 淳子

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, no.3, pp.223-233, 2007

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The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between teacher ratings of preschoolers' social skills and their level of competence in perspective taking, regulation of emotion, and interpersonal problem solving. The participants were 84 preschool children whose ages ranged from 3 to 5 years. The experiment was conducted individually using puppets. The results indicated that the developmental changes in the three areas of competence being studied were consistent with the findings of previous studies. We also found that children's regulation of emotion was related to perspective taking and interpersonal problem solving. Furthermore, the level of competence in interpersonal problem solving predicted teacher ratings of children's social skills. These results suggested that regulation of emotion and interpersonal problem solving are important elements of effective social skills training.