著者

金城 光

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.72, no.2, pp.134-150, 2001-06-25 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

70

被引用文献数

7 2

---

Research on source memory in the source monitoring paradigm was reviewed and discussed. The author analyzed three factors contributing to the current upsurge of source memory research: (a) a basic theoretical framework and a basic experimental paradigm for source monitoring were established by Johnson and her collaborators, (b) source monitoring tasks were a more sensitive measure than recall and recognition tasks to assess one's explicit memory among different populations, and (c) the source monitoring paradigm is so flexible and versatile to design a variety of experiments. Further studies are necessary for the paradigm to find a better way of analyzing data and to verify its premises. Regardless of these problems, however, the author predicted a further explosion of source memory research in the paradigm because it would give us a hint of an underlying mechanism of how memory is processed.

著者

熊谷 龍一

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.83, no.1, pp.35-43, 2012 (Released:2012-09-26)

参考文献数

23

被引用文献数

5 7

---

We propose a new method, called index K, to estimate the degree of differential item functioning (DIF) on a questionnaire or test taken by multiple groups. A computer program (EasyDIF) was developed to calculate index K. In developing the program, the three following concerns were paramount: (a) the program is applicable when there are more than three groups to be analyzed, (b) it is able to accommodate polytomous items, such as a Likert scale, and (c) details of DIF can be presented in a graph. In simulations and using Big Five scale data, the performance of index K was comparable to the Mantel-Haenszel method and to the Poly-SIBTEST. It is necessary to repeat the calculations to obtain index K. However, because EasyDIF has a graphical user interface, it was intuitively easy to use. Therefore, the results were easier to obtain using EasyDIF.

著者

平井 美佳 高橋 惠子

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.74, no.4, pp.327-335, 2003-10-25 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

30

被引用文献数

1 1

---

This study examined how Japanese children resolve a conflict between their best friend and a newly-arrived transfer student; and whether their concepts of friendship and promise developed as those of Western children. A total of 125 children and college students, seven to 24 year old, of both genders were individually asked to report their moral understanding of friendship in a semi-structured interview. A Selman-type friendship dilemma of positing a conflict between a newcomer and their best friend was used. As expected, the average developmental stages scores, indicating understanding of the meaning of “friend” increased with the participant's age, in much the same way as in Western children. However, many resolved the conflict through a different strategy from those of their Western counterparts. They made an inference regarding the newcomer's emotion, seriously took into consideration, and expressed preference to solve the problem through the three playing together. The role of social representation mediating culture effects on social behavior discussed.

著者

守 一雄

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, no.2, pp.114-122, 1982-06-30 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

89

著者

登張 真稲 首藤 敏元 大山 智子 名尾 典子

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.90, no.2, pp.167-177, 2019

被引用文献数

3

---

<p>The first purpose of this study was to confirm whether the cooperativeness of adolescents comprises the following three aspects: finding better solutions for self and others, cooperating with others, and concurring with others. Three factors describing these concepts were extracted from the data of three surveys conducted with university and senior high school students. The revised version of the Multifaceted Cooperativeness Scale was developed based on this three-factor solution. The revised scale consists of three subscales: collaborative problem-solving, cooperation, and harmoniousness. The second purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between these subscales and activity and creativity, using two types of the Big Five Scale and the Creativity Scale. The following assumptions were made: collaborative problem-solving correlates with activity and creativity; cooperation correlates with activity, but not with creativity; and harmoniousness correlates negatively with activity and creativity. Another survey conducted with university students generally supported these hypotheses and verified the construct validity of the revised Multifaceted Cooperativeness Scale. The results also indicated that harmoniousness was related to neuroticism.</p>

著者

鈴木 雅之 荒俣 祐介

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.92.19051, (Released:2021-01-31)

参考文献数

38

被引用文献数

4

---

The purpose of the present study was to develop a scale for measuring motivation in school-based extracurricular activities/clubs based on organismic integration theory, and to examine the relationship between students’ motivation and instructors’ leadership. In study 1, 304 high school students completed the questionnaire. The results of an explanatory factor analysis identified 5 factors: intrinsic regulation, identified regulation, introjected regulation, external regulation, and non-regulation. In study 2, 870 high school students completed the questionnaire. The results of multilevel analyses indicated that the instructors’ leadership to maintain interpersonal relations and guide club members was positively correlated with students’ intrinsic regulation and identified regulation, and negatively correlated with their non-regulation. Furthermore, the results indicated that students’ perception of their instructors’ leadership to maintain interpersonal relations and guide club members was positively correlated with students’ intrinsic regulation and identified regulation, and negatively correlated with their non-regulation.

著者

織田 弥生

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.76, no.5, pp.426-435, 2005-12-25 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

32

被引用文献数

2 4

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The purpose of this study is to investigate the influences of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) on daily psychological states and salivary cortisol level. First, 42 women recorded their PMS symptoms and basal body temperatures every day for approximately two menstrual cycles. Based on these prospective records of PMS symptoms, participants were divided into two groups: Normal group (n=22) and PMS group (n=17). There were no significant differences between the two groups in age, height, weight, age at menarche, menstrual cycle length, menstrual period, depression score, and stressor score. Next, 14 women (7 Normal group, 7 PMS group) were selected and they were measured twice, once during the premenstrual phase and once during the postmenstrual phase of their cycles. Each day, they took saliva samples and recorded their psychological states six times (from waking to going to bed) per day at their homes. Results showed that the fear score in PMS group was high in the premenstrual phase, whereas salivary cortisol level in PMS group was low in the same phase compared to the Normal group. These results suggested the possibility of dysregulation of the stress system in women with PMS.

著者

坂上 貴之 山本 淳一 実森 正子

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.65, no.5, pp.395-411, 1994-12-20 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

145

被引用文献数

1

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As the opportunity to contact with related areas has increased, the study of the experimental analysis of behavior has experienced revolutionary changes. Some of the most active and important areas-studies of choice, comparative cognition, and human language-are reviewed to acquaint readers. Studies of CHOICE have linked to the molar theories of behavioral economics and behavioral ecology, which promoted research of choice by animals under uncertainty conditions. Further approach has been made to integrate the molar and molecular analyses on the basis of the ideas of behavior dynamics. COMPARATIVE COGNITION is a part of a larger field including cognitive science, behavioral neuroscience, and biological science. Recent developments, aided with a comparative perspective, made significant contributions to our understanding of the phylogeny and ontogeny of cognition. Advances in analysis of human behavior provided tools to study behavioral aspects of semantics, syntax, and pragmatics of HUMAN LANGUAGE. Using the paradigm of stimulus equivalence, the emergence of stimulus relations, stimulus-stimulus networks, hierarchical structure of verbal behavior, and other language-related behaviors have been investigated.

著者

森 知子

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.54, no.3, pp.182-188, 1983-08-30 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

16

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Usually, people would not choose contradictory alternative in a set of personality test. For example, if one is active, then he can't be passive. However, those apparent contradiction may co-exist in him, which may be called “two-sidedness” in personality traits (or structure). In order to reveal the “two-sidedness”, a personality test (two-sided personality scale, TSPS) based on 30 pairs of antonym scales, was constructed. Subjects, 243 students, were asked to rate both sides of antonym independently. For example, one may check both fairly active and fairly passive at the same time. The difference between two ratings on a paired antonym was summed through 30 scales, and the resulting figure was regarded as a measure of his “two-sidedness”. The analysis of two-sidedness score showed reasonable discriminability among the subjects, and the two-sided subjects seemed to be more stable emotionally.

著者

戸川 行男

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, no.1, pp.1-20, 1942 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

30

著者

松本 亦太郎

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, no.5-6, pp.695-700, 1935 (Released:2010-07-16)

被引用文献数

1 1

著者

堤 聖月 清水 寛之

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.91, no.5, pp.332-338, 2020 (Released:2020-12-25)

参考文献数

20

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In this study, the prospect that people will forget life events they have experienced is referred to as “worry of forgetting,” which is considered to be associated with some intention and emotion. In Study 1, we developed the Worry of Forgetting Questionnaire and examined its reliability and validity.An exploratory factor analysis revealed that worry of forgetting consisted of a single factor. The validity of the scale was examined by correlations with the Thinking About Life Experiences Scale, the Autobiographical Reasoning Scale, and the Identity Scale. In Study 2, we investigated the relationship between worry of forgetting and characteristics of remembered events. Participants answered a questionnaire relating to characteristics of remembered autobiographical memories and worry of forgetting, in the context of events experienced during their time in high school. Furthermore, the analysis revealed that the more positive and important a participant’s recalled events, the stronger their demonstrated worry of forgetting. These and other results are discussed mainly in terms of autobiographical reasoning and, in particular, reflective thinking that connected past experiences to the self.

著者

岸本 直美 藤 桂

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.91, no.1, pp.12-22, 2020 (Released:2020-04-25)

参考文献数

33

被引用文献数

1 4

---

This study focused on casual conversation as a component of companionship at nursery schools with the aim of assessing its influence on nursery teachers’ stress reactions. We conducted a questionnaire survey among 312 nursery teachers. Factor analysis of the content of casual conversation identified the following four factors: light small talk, state and development of children, complaining about interpersonal relationships, and thoughts and beliefs about childcare. Similarly, factor analysis of the effect of casual conversation identified the following four factors: pleasure derived from sharing and empathy, smooth communication and awareness, reconfirming one’s specialty as a nursery teacher, and exhaustion from providing sympathy unwillingly. Covariance structure analysis indicated that light small talk reduced nursery teachers’ stress reactions. In addition, casual conversation about the state and development of children as well as thoughts and beliefs about childcare promoted pleasure derived from sharing and empathy, thereby reducing stress reactions. Meanwhile, complaining about interpersonal relationships at the nursery school increased stress reactions. The findings suggest that the effect of casual conversation depend on the content.

著者

遠藤 辰雄

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.5, pp.320-332, 1961 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

141

著者

中里 浩明 田中 国夫

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.44, no.2, pp.92-96, 1973 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

23

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This study explored factors underlying interpersonal attitudes among Japanese Ss. 30 affective-state verbs and 20 complex stimulus persons were first selected, and then this Behavioral Differential-type form was administered for ratings by 54 male and female undergraduate Ss. Factor analysis yielded four verb-scale factors: nurturance-rejection, “amae” (dependency), superiority-inferiority, and pity-envy. The following factors were also found for the stimulus persons: guilt, aggressiveness, dependency, envy-inferiority. It is suggested that this four factor structure for interpersonal attitudes may form the following quadrants or a “circle”; namely, (a) nurturance-guilt, (b) aggressiveness, (c) envy-inferiority, (d) “amae” (dependency). Finally, it is proposed that “oime” (guilty feeling) is a cardinal element in the interpersonal attitude structure of the Japanese.

著者

田村 典久 田中 秀樹 駒田 陽子 成澤 元 井上 雄一

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.90, no.4, pp.378-388, 2019 (Released:2019-10-25)

参考文献数

43

被引用文献数

1 3

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This cross-sectional study was conducted to assess sleep habits between students with/without a discrepancy of ≥2 hrs in wake-up time (WUT) on school days and free days, and to determine whether the discrepancy is associated with daytime sleepiness, lowered mental/physical health and poor academic performance. A total of 4,392 students in 13 junior high schools completed a self-administered questionnaire including demographic information, sleep-wake patterns, daytime sleepiness, irritability and academic performance. We classified the students into two groups: those with/without a discrepancy between school day and free day WUT. The discrepancy prevalence was 38.4%. More students with the discrepancy skipped breakfast and did not attend a school club activity compared to those without the discrepancy. They also went to bed 22 min later and slept 21 min less on school days than those without the discrepancy. In a generalized linear mixed model, the discrepancy was associated with daytime sleepiness, irritability and poor academic performance. The WUT discrepancy of ≥2 hrs with a delayed circadian rhythm can be associated with lower mental/physical health and poor academic performance among adolescents.

著者

上條 菜美子 湯川 進太郎

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.86.14037, (Released:2015-11-10)

参考文献数

58

被引用文献数

8 7

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This study examined the relationship between meaning making and rumination regarding stressful events. We focused on two facets of rumination: intrusive and deliberate. Participants (N = 121) completed a questionnaire about a stressful event in their life that assessed the possibility of preventing the event, probability of the event occurring, perceived threat of the event, and meaning making. They also completed scales that assessed intrusive and deliberate ruminations about the event, posttraumatic growth after the event, as well as dispositions of self-rumination and self-reflection, and executive function. The results revealed that disposition of self-reflection was positively correlated with deliberate rumination about the event. Furthermore, deliberate rumination at the time of the experience was positively correlated with current positive meaning making, which was associated with current posttraumatic growth. Additionally, current intrusive rumination promoted current negative meaning making, but intrusive rumination at the time of the experience did not. Thus, this study suggests the important role of both intrusive and deliberate ruminations in the process of meaning making and several issues for future research.

著者

松井 豊

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.4, pp.226-232, 1981-11-20 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

11

被引用文献数

1

---

A structural model of helping behavior was built, which involved seven independent variables; i.e., emotional-warmth, emotional-susceptibility, locus of control, general awareness of helping norm, awareness of “on” norm, awareness of non-involvement norm, and age. Four hundred and one university students responded to personality tests covering these variables and a questionnaire on helping experiences in 26 situations. Hayasi's quantification model III (HAYASI 3) for the helping experiences yielded three axes-general tendency to help, tendency to give money for charity, and spontaneous helping tendency-and suggested that “cost of helping” is an important factor of the general tendency to help. Analyses of HAYASI 3's sample scores showed that females and religious believers were more kind and generous than males and nonbelievers. A path analysis indicated that norm awarenesses and age were direct determinants of helping tendencies, while emotional empathies were indirect determinants mediated by the norm awarenesses.

著者

溝川 藍 子安 増生

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.90, no.6, pp.562-571, 2019 (Released:2020-02-25)

参考文献数

30

被引用文献数

2

---

We examined how foreign experiences and critical thinking disposition influence moral and legal consciousness. Participants (N = 725) answered a questionnaire that measured their moral and legal consciousness (to what extent they permit various immoral/illegal behaviors, whether they intervene for a person behaving immorally/illegally, and to what extent they think various immoral/illegal behaviors are permitted in the Japanese society), levels of critical thinking disposition, and their foreign experiences (living abroad, traveling abroad, having foreign friends, and using foreign languages daily). The results showed that weak critical thinking dispositions were positively related to tolerating various immoral/illegal behaviors, not intervening for persons behaving immorally/illegally, and tolerating illegal behaviors in the context of Japanese society. Although no effects were found for three dimensions of foreign experiences, daily use of foreign language was associated with tolerability of illegal behaviors, especially in the group that had weak critical thinking dispositions. The results suggest that having a strong critical thinking disposition leads to having a relatively rigid moral and legal consciousness, and that for people that have weak critical thinking dispositions, daily foreign experiences can strengthen permissive attitudes toward illegal behaviors.

著者

松本 亦太郎

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2, no.6, pp.993-1017, 1927 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

6