著者

井上 孝代 伊藤 武彦

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.68, no.4, pp.298-304, 1997-10-28 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

24

被引用文献数

3 4

---

The aim of the present study was to show relationship between acculturation attitudes and mental health of international students in their first year in Japan. Of 53 new international students at a university, 50 (36 male and 14 female), 19.2 years old on average, completed a questionnaire in May (one month after the arrival), October (six months later), and March of the following year (the last month of the first academic year). The questionnaire consisted of two parts: Acculturation Attitude Scale and SCL-90-R Mental Health Scale. The former was based on Kim (1988) and measured four types of acculturation attitudes: Integration, Assimilation, Separation, and Marginalization (Berry, 1990, 1992; Berry, Trimble, & Olmedo, 1986). Results indicated that effects of acculturation attitudes on mental health of international students became clear in the last month of their first year. It is argued that helping students' integration attitude has beneficial effects on their mental health.

著者

若林 明雄 バロン-コーエン サイモン ウィールライト サリー

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.77, no.3, pp.271-277, 2006-08-25 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

28

被引用文献数

15 27

---

Empathizing is a drive to identify another person's emotions and thoughts and respond to them appropriately. Systemizing is a drive to analyze systems or construct systems. The Empathizing-Systemizing (E-S) model suggests that these are major dimensions in which individuals differ from each other, and women being superior in empathizing and men in systemizing. In this study, we examined new questionnaires, the Empathy Quotient (EQ) and the Systemizing Quotient (SQ). Participants were 1 250 students, 616 men and 634 women, from eight universities, who completed both the EQ and SQ. Results showed that women scored higher than men on the EQ, and the result was reversed on the SQ. Results also showed that humanities majors scored higher than sciences majors on the EQ, and again the result was reversed on the SQ. The results were discussed in relation to the E-S theory of gender differences.

著者

兪 善英 古村 健太郎 松井 豊 丸山 晋

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.87, no.6, pp.644-650, 2016 (Released:2017-02-25)

参考文献数

27

被引用文献数

2 3

---

This study investigated posttraumatic stress symptoms and posttraumatic growth among 534 fire fighters who were dispatched to the disaster area following the Great East Japan Earthquake. Specifically, we investigated the effect of acute stress symptoms and social support from peers and family on posttraumatic stress symptoms, depression, and posttraumatic growth one year after being dispatched. We found that dispatched fire fighters experienced posttraumatic growth as well as posttraumatic stress symptoms following disaster work. Moreover, social support from peers was positively associated with professional growth as a disaster worker, whereas social support from family positively associated with gratitude. These results imply that it is useful to take into consideration supporting the posttraumatic growth of fire fighters as an opportunity for professional growth with respect to stress management programs as well as relieving posttraumatic symptoms with early intervention.

著者

小川 翔大

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.91.19209, (Released:2020-05-22)

参考文献数

46

被引用文献数

2

---

When measuring the instability of self-esteem, the standard deviation of state self-esteem over a period of several days has been considered the gold standard. As an alternative, the perceived self-esteem instability measure (P-SEI measure) was developed as a single-administration scale. The present study involved the development of the Japanese version of the P-SEI measure and evaluation of its reliability and validity. In Study 1, the P-SEI measure was translated into Japanese. Confirmatory factor analysis on the 8-item P-SEI measure confirmed factorial validity and internal consistency. In addition, the P-SEI measure was related to mental health (K6) when controlling for the Rosenberg self-esteem scale or the standard deviation of state self-esteem measured over 7 days. In Study 2, the test-retest reliability of the P-SEI measure was confirmed. Finally, this study evaluated considerations about using the P-SEI measure in research and other applications as well as the possibility of a longitudinal developmental study.

著者

外山 美樹 長峯 聖人 湯 立 肖 雨知 三和 秀平 相川 充

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.91.19022, (Released:2020-05-22)

参考文献数

42

被引用文献数

2

---

This study focused on the relationship between regulatory focus and creative performance. We investigated the effects of ego involvement on enhancing motivation in task performance. We hypothesized that there are no differences in creativity based on the degree of ego involvement in promotion-focused individuals, whereas creativity would be higher in prevention-focused individuals with higher ego involvement. University students (N = 128) participated in the study. The results supported the hypothesis. When ego involvement was high, there were no differences in creativity between promotion-focused and prevention-focused individuals on three indicators of creativity. Based on these three indicators, prevention-focused individuals were more creative than promotion-focused individuals. Moreover, prevention-focused individuals who worked on a task patiently and persistently achieved equal or better creative performance than promotion-focused individuals.

著者

和田 裕一

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.90, no.4, pp.368-377, 2019 (Released:2019-10-25)

参考文献数

23

---

When reading narrative stories, readers monitor discontinuity of characters, space, time, goals, and causality of events and update their situation models. This study examined how illustrations of narratives influence readers’ ability to monitor story events using a verb-clustering task in which readers were asked to group verbs from a narrative into related pairings. Results showed that readers who read a text-only narrative paired verbs that were continuous in both the character and time dimensions. In contrast, readers who read a narrative with illustrations paired verbs that were continuous not only in the character and time dimensions but also in the causality dimension. These findings suggest that illustrations of narratives function to enrich the contents of situation models. Furthermore, an additional experiment showed that positioning of illustrations within the text impacted the situation model construction. Therefore, the utility of illustrations for promoting the construction of situation models and efficient comprehension of a narrative story are discussed.

著者

上條 菜美子 湯川 進太郎

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.86, no.6, pp.513-523, 2016 (Released:2016-02-25)

参考文献数

58

被引用文献数

7 7

---

This study examined the relationship between meaning making and rumination regarding stressful events. We focused on two facets of rumination: intrusive and deliberate. Participants (N = 121) completed a questionnaire about a stressful event in their life that assessed the possibility of preventing the event, probability of the event occurring, perceived threat of the event, and meaning making. They also completed scales that assessed intrusive and deliberate ruminations about the event, posttraumatic growth after the event, as well as dispositions of self-rumination and self-reflection, and executive function. The results revealed that disposition of self-reflection was positively correlated with deliberate rumination about the event. Furthermore, deliberate rumination at the time of the experience was positively correlated with current positive meaning making, which was associated with current posttraumatic growth. Additionally, current intrusive rumination promoted current negative meaning making, but intrusive rumination at the time of the experience did not. Thus, this study suggests the important role of both intrusive and deliberate ruminations in the process of meaning making and several issues for future research.

著者

上條 菜美子 湯川 進太郎

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.85.13047, (Released:2014-10-01)

参考文献数

53

被引用文献数

7 2

---

This study examined the factors that influence meaning making and rumination related to stressful events. Six hypothetical scenarios were used, all of which were contextualized stressful events. Participants (N = 779) completed a questionnaire about one of the six scenarios, which assessed the possibility of preventing the event, the probability of the event occurring, the perceived threat of the event, the frequency of rumination, and meaning making. They completed a scale that assessed self-rumination and self-reflection as a way of thinking, and a scale that assessed executive function. Executive function and self-rumination were negatively correlated. Furthermore, self-rumination positively correlated with the frequency of rumination on the event. The perceived threat was high when the probability of the event occurring was low and the possibility of preventing the event was high. Although the perceived threat of the event inhibited meaning making, this was promoted by mediating the frequency of rumination. Self-reflection also directly promoted meaning making. Therefore, this study highlighted a number of factors that affect rumination and meaning making.

著者

松下 智子

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.76, no.5, pp.480-485, 2005-12-25 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

16

被引用文献数

4 2

---

Narrative approach suggests that finding or creating meaning in one's own negative experience is important, and one of psychotherapeutic goals may be making it possible for the person to tell his/her in experience to others in a more positive way than otherwise. On the other hand, recent studies of self-disclosure have suggested that disclosure of negative experience could be harmful to well-being or interpersonal relationship of the person. This study investigated the relationship between ways of finding meaning in negative experiences and hesitation in self-disclosure. A questionnaire about negative life experience was administered to 210 undergraduates. Results indicated that there were four different ways of finding meaning in negative experiences, and four factors of the hesitation could be classified into those having interpersonal and intra-personal negative implications. Believing that a negative experience had negative effects on life led to stronger hesitation in self-disclosure. Interpreting a negative experience positively led to less intra-personal hesitation. And holding no hope or optimistic perspective about a negative experience led to stronger interpersonal hesitation in self-disclosure.

著者

浅井 真理子 松井 豊 内富 庸介

出版者

日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.84, no.5, pp.498-507, 2013-12

著者

浅井 真理子 松井 豊 内富 庸介

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.84, no.5, pp.498-507, 2013

被引用文献数

2

---

The purposes of this study were 1) to identify healthy and unhealthy patterns of coping strategies after bereavement among spouses of cancer patients and 2) to explore the characteristics of patients and spouses associated with these patterns of coping strategies. The participants were 821 bereaved individuals whose spouses had died at the National Cancer Center Hospital East. Three patterns of coping strategies after bereavement were found:"Distraction Focused" (healthy), "Continuing Bonds Focused" (unhealthy), and "General Coping" (almost healthy). Two strategies for improving the unhealthy coping patterns of "Continuing Bonds Focused" were 1) enhancing "Distraction" and reducing "Continuing Bonds" for achieving "Distraction Focused" (healthy) and 2) enhancing both "Distraction" and "Social Sharing/Reconstruction" for achieving "General Coping" (almost healthy). The patients' characteristics associated with the bereaved spouses' coping strategy of "Continuing Bonds Focused" were "under 65 years", "history of psychiatric consultation", "duration of last hospital admission was less than one week", and "time since cancer diagnosis to death was less than one year". These four characteristics of the deceased patients were considered to be risk factors for spouses who would utilize unhealthy coping patterns after bereavement.

著者

谷口 高士

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.62, no.2, pp.88-95, 1991-06-25 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

24

被引用文献数

7 7

---

Two studies investigated the mood congruent effects of music on word cognition. In both studies, bright or sad music was used in order to induce elated or depressed mood, and subjects were assigned to either the bright or the sad music condition. In Study 1, positive and negative personality trait words and non-words were presented with the music to examine the effect on incidental recall. Thirtyone subjects were asked to judge whether the words were positive or negative as quickly and accurately as possible. In Study 2, 37 subjects were presented with ambiguous personality trait words without and with music to examine how their interpretations of ambiguous stimuli were affected by music. The results showed the mood congruent effects on recall, interpretation, and response time, and these findings agreed with those obtained from other studies of the mood effects on cognition, especially on recall. It was suggested that music induces a certain mood, which influences on cognitive processes of other stimuli.

著者

池田 安世

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.86, no.5, pp.456-466, 2015 (Released:2015-12-25)

参考文献数

39

被引用文献数

3 9

---

This study aimed to develop the Japanese version of the Achievement Emotions Questionnaire in a test situation and to examine its reliability and validity. In a test situation, undergraduate students (N = 369) completed a questionnaire including the Achievement Emotions Scale (AES) that contains 8 sub-scales: enjoyment, hope, pride, relief, angry, anxiety, shame, and hopelessness. The validity of AES was evaluated using academic control, self-efficacy, task-value, the Japanese version of Positive and Negative Affect Schedule scale, motivational style, learning strategies, and test scores (n = 191). The component structures of AES were tested among three models for each of the 8 sub-scales through Structural Equation Modeling. Results suggest that for most scales, hierarchical models were superior for fit indexes, and reliability was confirmed. Further, positive achievement emotions were positively related to academic control, self-efficacy, positive affect, intrinsic regulation, metacognitive strategies, and deep-processing strategies, while negative achievement emotions were positively related to negative affect, introjected regulation, and external regulation. These results were confirmed to be consistent with previous studies, and indicated new research directions.

著者

倉橋 克

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, no.4, pp.23-25, 1950 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

9

---

The writer made a study of the family line of a pseudologist and found that there were at least 18 persons with degenerative dispositions in the three generations investigated. The results may be summarized as follows:1st generation: 1 psychopath2nd generation: 2 “mehr” schizothymies3 alcoholics3 sexual anomalies1 psychosis3rd generation: 1 feebleminded6 psychopaths1 psychosisThe pseudologist in questicn belongs to the third generation in this family line, The investigation revealed further that his brather, father and aunt were also pseudologists. However, the writer failed to discover any environmental influences in this connection. It would seem that, since they all came from the same line of degenerative family, their disposition is hereditary and constiuttional in nature. It was impossible, on the other hand, to decide whether or not this tendency to make false statements were causally related to other degeneratine tendencies running throngh the same family line.

著者

荻野 佳代子 瀧ヶ崎 隆司 稲木 康一郎

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.75, no.4, pp.371-377, 2004

被引用文献数

6 13

---

This study examined the relationship between emotion work (Zapf, 2002) and burnout. One hundred and eighty-two human service professionals (nurses and caregivers) completed questionnaires. A factor analysis revealed that the concept of emotion work had four main factors: “Negative emotions display”, “Positive emotions display”, “Emotional dissonance”, and “Sensitivity requirements”. In addition, the hierarchical regression analyses revealed only the main effect of “Emotional dissonance” on psychological stress reaction, whereas the main effects of all emotion work variables and two interaction effects of those on burnout. These results suggested that burnout was distinguished from psychological stress reaction by the differences in its relationship to emotion work.

著者

澤田 忠幸 松尾 浩一郎 橋本 巌

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.82, no.6, pp.514-522, 2012 (Released:2012-08-18)

参考文献数

26

被引用文献数

1

---

This research focused on both the psychological benefits and costs of crying. We investigated the relationships of intrapersonal and interpersonal consequences of crying. Female nurses (N = 300) were requested to describe one of the most impressive negative episodes where they had cried. Then, they were asked to complete a questionnaire including a scale of their psychological changes after the crying episode and the social reactions when they cried. Factor analysis revealed five components of the psychological changes scale. Solitary crying had greater effects for both psychological benefits and costs after crying than crying in front of others. Factor analysis revealed three components of the scale of social reactions. When they cried in front of others, “catharsis”, “positive attitude”, and “recognition of the relationship with others” after crying were associated with “empathy and social support” from others. The factors of “recognition of negative reality” and “negative attitude” were associated with “criticism and slander” from others. These results were discussed in terms of the communicative functions and the reflective functions of adult crying.

著者

渡邊 寛

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.88, no.3, pp.251-259, 2017

被引用文献数

3

---

<p>Recently, with gender equality advancing within society, men are increasingly being expected to undertake other, non-traditional, roles. The aim of this study was to develop the new male roles scale, and examine its reliability and validity. Study 1 showed that the new male roles scale consisted following four factors; Attentiveness to Women, Commitment to Household Responsibility, Consideration for Others, and Emancipation from Emotional Restriction and Toughness. In study 2, four items for each factor were chosen and goodness of fit of this scale was confirmed. Furthermore, the result revealed that this scale had certain validity. Study3 showed that this scale had time stability, except for Commitment to Household Responsibility. However, its internal reliability was confirmed in study 2. These results suggest that this scale has certain reliability and validity. Finally, the relationship between this scale and previous researches was discussed.</p>

著者

渡邊 寛

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.88, no.5, pp.488-498, 2017

被引用文献数

2

---

<p>In many foreign studies, traditional male roles are measured through multiple constructs. However, these constructs are not organized, and the reliability and validity of these scales have not been verified in Japan. This study sought to rearrange the constructs of traditional male roles, develop a scale to match these constructs, and verify its reliability and validity. Based on existing measures, traditional male roles are composed of five factors: high social status; physical and psychological toughness; high agency; low effeminacy; and superiority over women. In Study 1, by using data obtained from 316 undergraduate students, I chose four items for each of the five factors by using confirmatory factor analysis and a scale for attitudes regarding the traditional Japanese male roles was developed. Study 2 verified the scale's criterion-related validity using data obtained from 361 undergraduate students. T-test showed that men scored higher than women for all factors, implying that men are still bound to traditional male roles. Lastly, Study 3 validated its time-stability. Together, these results indicate that the scale is reliable and valid.</p>

著者

田中 熊次郎

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.35, no.5, pp.252-264, 1964 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

74

著者

中條 和光 納富 一宏 石田 敏郎

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.64, no.5, pp.360-368, 1993-12-20 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

10

被引用文献数

7 7

---

The effect of the number of characters on the reading rate of character strings moving from right to left on a CRT was investigated (Experiment 1). Characters were added one by one to the right end of the string, and the number of characters displayed simultaneously was gradually increased from 1 to 30. Subjects (21 undergraduates) were asked to adjust the moving rate of characters until the optimal moving rate for reading was obtained. It was found that the optimal moving rate increased proportionately as the number of characters displayed simultaneously increased from 1 to 5, but it was stabilized at about 190 milliseconds/character when the number of characters exceeded five. This result was interpreted as follows: characters are processed one after another when the number of characters is five or less, while chunked characters are analyzed for morphemes when the number of characters exceeds five. A model for sentence structure analysis that includes morpheme processing was constructed according to this interpretation. The validity of the model was tested (Experiment 2, subjects were 20 undergraduates.), which showed that when the number of characters was five or less, characters were analyzed one after another for the detection of morphemes.