著者

伊藤 美奈子

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.65, no.1, pp.18-24, 1994-04-20 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

16

被引用文献数

1

---

The degree of integration of contrasting traits in the person may be an index of personal maturity. This study examined such an integration process from the framework of individual and social orientedness. Subjects, 118 male and 329 female students, were asked to fill out an orientedness scale, a short version of TSPS: a measure of the two-sidedness of personality, and a self-esteem scale. Results showed that for those high on one-sidedness, individual orientedness turned out to be the sole factor, clearly bisecting those high and low on self-esteem and other traits. High correlations of self-esteem with traits like leadership and activity seem to indicate that the highly one-sided use a single dimension for their judgments. On the other hand, when one-sidedness was low, both individual and social orientedness became necessary, and ratings of personality traits moderate. Self-esteem correlated with flexibility and deliberateness, showing both active and reflective tendencies. As for the orientedness, individual orientedness is related to active traits and self-esteem, while social orientedness correlated with both active and reflective traits, implying moderate characteristics for the person's personality.

著者

仲 真紀子

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.83, no.4, pp.303-313, 2012 (Released:2013-01-01)

参考文献数

43

被引用文献数

12 8

---

We investigated how different ways of interviewing, i.e., free recall (FR), free recall with context reinstatement (CR), asking misleading questions (Q), or interviewing with open-ended questions (O) affect children's eyewitness reports and their subsequent memory of a viewed event. Participants were 249 eight and ten year-old children. Children were shown a video, and then were interviewed using either FR, CR, Q, or O, followed by an immediate recognition test, and a delayed recall and recognition tests several days later about the event. Results showed that O interviews elicited a greater amount of accurate information than FR, CR, and Q interviews. For older children, CR interviews elicited more accurate information than FR and Q interviews without eliciting inaccurate information. However, for younger children, the subsequent recognition memory for the event was more accurate for children who were interviewed using FR and O. These results suggest that O is the most effective way of conducting investigative interviews with children not only to elicit accurate information but also to keep their memories relatively intact.

著者

淡路 圓治郎

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.3, no.1, pp.83-103, 1928 (Released:2010-07-16)

著者

池原 一哉

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.85.13077, (Released:2014-11-11)

参考文献数

29

被引用文献数

2 2

---

In attitude measurement and sensory tests, the unfolding model is typically used. In this model, response probability is formulated by the distance between the person and the stimulus. In this study, we proposed an unfolding item response model using best-worst scaling (BWU model), in which a person chooses the best and worst stimulus among repeatedly presented subsets of stimuli. We also formulated an unfolding model using best scaling (BU model), and compared the accuracy of estimates between the BU and BWU models. A simulation experiment showed that the BWU model performed much better than the BU model in terms of bias and root mean square errors of estimates. With reference to Usami (2011), the proposed models were applied to actual data to measure attitudes toward tardiness. Results indicated high similarity between stimuli estimates generated with the proposed models and those of Usami (2011).

著者

中川 知宏 仲本 尚史 國吉 真弥 森 丈弓 山入端 津由 大渕 憲一

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.90, no.3, pp.252-262, 2019 (Released:2019-08-25)

参考文献数

40

被引用文献数

1

---

The aim of this study was to investigate why certain youths identify with delinquent groups by examining specific factors that increase identification with them, such as intergroup relationships. Specifically, we hypothesized that the permeability of group boundaries would moderate the effect of group discrimination on identification with a delinquent group. In total, 96 male youths were recruited from four juvenile classification homes. The results revealed that youths who perceived group boundaries with lower compared with higher permeability cognitively identified with delinquent groups more strongly when perceiving group discrimination from teachers or the police; this finding supported our hypothesis. No other significant interaction effect was observed. Conversely, in terms of affective identification, we found an unexpected interaction between the permeability of group boundaries and group discrimination from peers. Overall, the findings did not support our hypothesis. However, some of the results suggest that delinquent youths may be able to decrease cognitive group identification by having friends outside of the delinquent group, even if they experienced discrimination from conformity groups such as teachers and the police.

著者

植村 勝彦 新美 明夫

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.56, no.4, pp.233-237, 1985

被引用文献数

5 2

---

In order to explore a transitional pattern of mother's psycho-social stress accompanying the age of developmentally-disabled child, we analized the stress patterns obtained from 1036 mothers of mental retarded and autistic children by means of 10 stress scales consisted of four or five items for each scale. Mothers of 3 to 15 yrs old children, classified by cross-sectional method, were divided by their child's age into seven groups, and multiple-range tests were applied to the mean stress scores of mothers in the seven groups for each of two disability. In the results, we found three kinds of transitional patterns of stress. They were named as follows: No change type, Decreased type, and increased-at-first, but later-decreased type. These transitional patterns are common to two disabilities in the same scale, and f uthermore it is worthy of notice that the stage of changing point of increase or decrease of the amount of stress coincides with the periods of child's entrance to primary school and/or junior high school at almost all scales.

著者

荒井 崇史 藤 桂 吉田 富二雄

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.81, no.4, pp.397-405, 2010 (Released:2011-04-20)

参考文献数

26

被引用文献数

2 2

---

This study examined a causal model that the effect of information about crime on risk perception, anxiety about crime, and crime prevention is mediated by the informational content and source. We measured risk perception and anxiety about crime from a social and an individual perspective. A web-based survey was conducted with mothers (N=1040) who have children aged 3-12 years. The results of structural equation modeling indicated the following. (a) Information about crime given by the mass media, Internet, and hearsay increased the risk perception and anxiety about crime through the impact of informational content (i.e., “feeling that crime is close,” “emotional fluctuations,” “sympathy for the victims,” and “remembering a similar crime”). (b) Hearsay information directly controlled optimistic cognitions. (c) Mass media and hearsay information directly promoted crime prevention. (d) Cognition about the deterioration of security advanced cooperative crime prevention in the neighborhood.

著者

片口 安史

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, no.2, pp.118-119, 1955

著者

片口 安史

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, no.4, pp.285-289, 1954

---

Purpose. To grasp the behavioral characteristics of the individuals in the frustration situation in reference to their learning processes.<BR>Subject. 65 primary school boys, aged 10 years 9 months to 12 years 11 months (40 and 26 in Exps. I and II respectively).<BR>Procedure. Both Exps. I and II consist of the following three stages :<BR>1) Pre-Frustration Situation (PFS). -In the control and experimental groups alike all subjects have to learn the random (Japanese) letters in a certain orders. The 20 sets of 4 letters each arranged according to a definite order are exposed one by one (cf. Fig. 1). The response demanded in Exp. I is substituting numerals for each set of letters (&ldquo;1, 2, 3, 4&rdquo; is the correct answer), and in Exp. II reading the letters (for example, &ldquo;Ka-na-mi-ri&rdquo; in the first row in Fig. 1 is correctly read is as &ldquo;Ka-mi-na-ri&rdquo;).<BR>2) Frustration Situation (FS). -The set-up is such that the experimental groups (FrGr) are made to fail in the pezzle tasks and that the control groups (NFrGr) are permitted to succeed in the same tasks.<BR>3) After-Frustration Situation (AFS). -The random letters are given as in the first situation, but the arrengement of the letters is different. The correct answer is &ldquo;3, 4, 1, 2&rdquo; for the letters in Exp. I and &ldquo;se-to-mo-no&rdquo; for &ldquo;mo-se-no-to&rdquo;Exp. II (cf. Fig. 2)<BR>The three stages above are given successively. Both Exps. I and II are given individually.<BR>Results. Exp. I. -For the FrGr the learning in AFS is more difficult than for the NFrGr, i.e., with the former the reaction time required unitl correctly answering the random letters is longer than with the letter (cf. Figs. 3 & 4). Moreovere, the number of individuals who require more reaction time for the correct answers in PFS than in AFS is 7 in FrGr and 15 in NFrGr. On the contrary, the number of individuals with whom the reaction time is longer in AFS than in PFS is 11 in FrGr and only 3 in NFrGr (cf. Table 3). These differences are statistically significant (P<.05).<BR>Exp. II. -The number of indivduals who show the error of reading random letters in AFS according to the order learned in PFS is 9 and 5 in FrGr and NFrGr respectively, and those who do not commit such an error are 3 and 8 in the respective groups (cf. Table 4). Although the differences between the groups is not statistically significant, the trend toward difference is sufficiently established (P<.10).<BR>Conclusion. The experiments reconfirm the widely accepted hypothesis that for the individual, who has been in hte frustration situation, it is generally difficult to adapt himself to the new learning situation. This, the explanation of the present experiments would suggest, may be due to the fixation of responsese to the learning in the pre-frustration situation.

著者

片口 安史 田頭 寿子 高柳 信子

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, no.5, pp.273-281, 1958

被引用文献数

1

---

&ldquo;Rorschach Schizophrenic Score&rdquo; (RSS) provides a method for an objective and quantitative analysis of the Rorschach protocols with a purpose of differentiating schzophrenia from other clinical groups, especially psychoneurosis.<BR>RSS was first prepared for the examination of 1) general formal scoring categories, 2) form level ratings, 3) B&uuml;hler's Basic Rorschach Score, and 4) Watkins & Stauffacher's delta %.<BR>As a result, it was found that P, R+% (including all the primary form responses), W-%, BRS and delta % were the factors by which schizophrenic group was differentiated from psychoneurotic group at 0.5% level of confidence (t-test). Hence these five factors were synthesizes by Fisher's &ldquo;discriminant function&rdquo;.<BR>We obtained by this statistical method Z score of -14.13, which was the cut-off point between schizophrenia and psychoneurosis. Thus Z&le;-14.13 was called &ldquo;Rorschach Schizophrenic Score&rdquo; (RSS) and 77% of schizophrenic group came within this score.<BR>Subjects used in this research were as follows :<BR>1) Schizophrenic group (SGr.) N=30<BR>These patients have been diagnosed undoubtedly as chronic schizophrenia which were considered comparatively fresh cases by more than two psychiatrists.<BR>2) Psychoneurotic group (PGr.) N=30<BR>This group consisted of eight anxiety neurotics, three hysterics, five obsessivecompulsive neurotics, six neurosthenics and eight neurotics of mixed-type who had visited the National Institute of Mental Health for treatment.<BR>3) Normal group (NGr.) N=30<BR>They were well-adjusted adults and have never undergone any psychiatric treatment. The subjects mentioned above were homogeneous with regard to the following conditions : age, sex, educational level, socio-economic level and so on.<BR>The protocols which had less than 10 reponses were omitted because of difficulty for diagnosis in many cases.

著者

岩本(大久保) 慧悟 竹橋 洋毅 高 史明

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.90, no.6, pp.592-602, 2020 (Released:2020-02-25)

参考文献数

23

被引用文献数

5

---

This study developed a Japanese version of the Stress Mindset Measure (SMM-J), which captures individual differences in beliefs on the nature of stress, and investigated its reliability and validity. Study 1 examined the reliability and factor structure of the SMM-J by analyzing survey data of 449 employed adults. The results revealed that the SMM-J was composed of two negatively and strongly correlated factors: harmfulness of stress and usefulness of stress. Study 2 (92 parents), Study 3 (349 undergraduates), and Study 4 (800 employed adults) examined the predictive validity of the SMM-J. The results showed that the SMM-J predicted subjective health and life satisfaction after controlling for the effects of traditional stress factors such as the amount of stress and the coping style. This result is consistent with previous studies. The importance of an appropriate stress mindset is discussed.

著者

瓜生 武

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.2, pp.129-131, 1956 (Released:2010-07-16)

著者

槙 洋一 仲 真紀子

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.77, no.4, pp.333-341, 2006-10-25 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

24

被引用文献数

13 13

---

A reminiscence bump is a phenomenon that people typically remember the events experienced the ages of 10 and 30 more often than these experienced in other period. This paper investigates (1) whether a reminiscence bump is found in autobiographical memory in Japanese elders, and (2) the features and content of autobiographical memories in general and in the bump. Twenty-five participants more than sixty-years old recalled past events using a cue-word method, described the content of each memory, dated the event, and rated the features of the memory on five scales, i. e., vividness, importance, present self-involvement, past self-involvement, and frequency of recall. The results showed that although a reminiscence bump emerged, memories within the bump did not differ from other memories in terms of rated features nor in content. Approximately 50% of autobiographical memories were “self-centered”, 30% were about “self-other relations”, and the rest were “other-centered” and “scenes” which did not involve people. The results were discussed in relation to theories about the reminiscence bump.

著者

直原 康光 安藤 智子

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.91.19215, (Released:2020-07-30)

参考文献数

33

被引用文献数

2

---

The aim of this study was to develop the Mother’s Cognition of Father’s Parenting Time following divorce (MCFPT) scale and examine its reliability and validity. MCFPT items were developed from a questionnaire administered to 281 divorced mothers living with their children. Factor analysis identified six factors that influence mothers’ cognition of fathers’ parenting time: (a) belief that fathers’ parenting time benefits children, (b) concerns about their own safety and the safety of their children, (c) concerns about remarriage, (d) expectations of financial support, (e) jealousy of the father, and (f) disappointment with the father’s lack of interest in the children. These factors had a high degree of internal consistency. The MCFPT scale was significantly correlated with the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Caregiving System Scale, and others. The effect of the manner in which the divorce took place, children’s age, violence perpetrated by the father, and the father’s parenting time on MCFPT were evaluated using the t-test or one-way ANOVA. The MCFPT scale is reliable and valid for measuring mothers’ cognition of fathers’ parenting time after divorce.

著者

長峯 聖人 外山 美樹 湯 立 肖 雨知 海沼 亮 三和 秀平 相川 充

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.91.19315, (Released:2020-07-30)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

1

---

Tormala and Clarkson (2007) demonstrated the effects of assimilation and contrast with two consecutive messages. We investigated the effects of regulatory focus on assimilation and contrast in a multiple message situation in an experimental study. We hypothesized that the effect of assimilation would be observed among people with a promotion focus and the effect of contrast would be observed among people with a prevention focus. The results partially supported our hypothesis. There was a contrast effect in people with a prevention focus when evaluating the perceived credibility of the message. Moreover, the effect of assimilation was observed mostly in people with a promotion focus when evaluating the perceived credibility of the message, although this effect was not statistically significant. Finally, possible explanations for why our hypothesis regarding the evaluations of attitudes about the message was not supported are discussed.

著者

中間 玲子 杉村 和美 畑野 快 溝上 慎一 都筑 学

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.85, no.6, pp.549-559, 2014 (Released:2015-02-25)

参考文献数

34

被引用文献数

5 13

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The Dimensions of Identity Development Scale (DIDS) provides a new method of researching identity development based on the dual-process model pertaining to lifespan development. This study developed and evaluated the Japanese version of this scale (DIDS-J). Two surveys of undergraduate and high school students showed that the DIDS-J had good reliability and validity and that it consisted of 25 items with five factors: commitment making, identity with commitment, exploration in breadth, exploration in depth, and ruminative exploration. Through cluster analysis of the DIDS-J, five identity statuses were found that were not clearly distinguished by previous scales: foreclosure, achievement, searching moratorium, diffused diffusion, and carefree diffusion. Research using the DIDS-J has two advantages: it enables us to examine the process of identity development among adolescents with a wider age range, and to compare results cross-culturally in future research. The trial investigations compared student scores with those from previous research in Western cultures, demonstrating that DIDS-J may lead to further explanations of identity development.

著者

岩淵 千明 田中 国夫 中里 浩明

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, no.1, pp.54-57, 1982-04-30 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

16

被引用文献数

9 8

---

This study attempted to examine the internal structure of Snyder's Self-Monitoring (SM) scale. Factor analysis of SM scale yielded three factors: Extraversion, Other-Directedness, and Acting. In correlational analyses with other personality measures, Extraversion correlated positively with Maudsley Personality Inventory-E (MPI-E) scale and Self-Esteem scale and negatively with Social anxiety of Self-Consciousness (SC) scale. Other-Directedness correlated positively with Public Self-Consciousness of SC scale. Acting correlated positively with MPI-E scale. Extraversion factor was founded to discribe the behavior of extraverts. Other-Directedness factor was interpreted to be a concern for the appropriateness of social behavior. Acting factor was related to tactfulness and liking for speaking to and entertaining others. These three factors showed highly positive inter-correlations, and each factor had some degree of internal consistency. These findings suggested that the factorial structure of the SM scale was not unidimensional but multidimensional.

著者

市川 玲子 望月 聡

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.86, no.5, pp.434-444, 2015 (Released:2015-12-25)

参考文献数

56

被引用文献数

2 3

---

Personality disorders (PDs) are considered mental disorders due to a pathology of self (Lynum et al., 2008). In order to capture the multi-levels of self-concept, we investigated both explicit and implicit self-esteem. This study aimed to understand the relationships among borderline, narcissistic, and avoidant PDs and the discrepancy between explicit and implicit self-esteem. Eighty-five undergraduates and graduates completed a questionnaire and self-esteem implicit association test measuring implicit self-esteem. The questionnaire included items about PDs and explicit self-esteem. The results of hierarchical multiple regression analyses indicated that borderline and avoidant PDs could be explained by a large discrepancy between two levels of self-esteem when implicit self-esteem is relatively higher than explicit self-esteem. On the other hand, narcissistic PD was not related to each level of self-esteem individually or the discrepancy between these self-esteems. These results suggest that borderline and avoidant PDs are related to discrepancies among multi self-concepts, but narcissistic PD cannot be explained by discrepancies in self-esteem.

著者

石黒 千晶 岡田 猛

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.90, no.1, pp.21-31, 2019 (Released:2019-04-25)

参考文献数

35

被引用文献数

3

---

Through art appreciation, viewers are sometimes inspired to express or implement creative ideas. Such an experience is thought to be important for art learning. In this study, we conducted a questionnaire to examine how art appreciation promotes creative inspiration in non-experts. We hypothesized that: (a) individual experience with art-related activities and self-evaluation of artistic expression affect creative inspiration, mediated by the method of appreciation of artworks; and (b) the type of artworks affects creative inspiration, mediated by the method of appreciation of artworks. The participants were 373 adults, who were not art professionals (179 women, age: M = 45.02, SD = 13.45, range: 20–69 years). The data were analyzed using structured equation modeling for the two hypotheses. The two hypotheses were mostly supported, suggesting that self-evaluation of artistic expression and the type of artworks (especially classical works of art) influence creative inspiration, mediated by the method of appreciation of artworks. However, experience with art-related activities has no significant direct effect on the inspiration to create something.

著者

菊野 春雄

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.66, no.2, pp.116-120, 1995-06-25 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

10

被引用文献数

3 1

---

The purpose of the present study was to examine whether or not the eyewitness suggestibility effect might be obtained with a recognition memory and a source-monitoring test, when an original event consisted of many pictures. In this source-monitoring test subjects identified the source of their memories. Results showed that the suggestibility effect was obtained in the recognition memory but not in the source-monitoring test, suggesting that misleading postevent information did not impair memory of the original event. The results also indicated that the eyewitness suggestibility effect might be caused by misled subjects' decision rather than their integrated memory representation.