著者

山田 勇樹 三好 保 棚田 成紀 今木 雅英

出版者

日本衛生学会

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.3, pp.788-794, 1991-08-15 (Released:2009-02-17)

参考文献数

10

被引用文献数

4 9

---

日本人が日常よく摂取している藻類であるわかめについて,日本人を対象とした消化吸収率及びエネルギー利用率に関するデータが殆どないので,これらの値を算出した。対象者は,日本人青年4名である。最初5日間に基礎食,それに続いてわかめ10g:5日間,20g:5日間,40g:5日間とした実験期間中に排泄された糞と尿は全量採取した分析に供した。基礎食期とテスト食期の成分の差によって,消化吸収率及びエネルギー利用率を算出した。しかしながら,各栄養素の消化吸収率にばらつきが大きかったので算出した数値のみ列記する。以下はその結果である。1) 蛋白質の消化吸収率は,70.1±14.0%である。2) 脂質の消化吸収率は,97.5±59.0%である。3) 炭水化物の消化吸収率は,55.8±14.6%である。4) エネルギー吸収率は,60.6±15.9%であった。又正味エネルギー利用率62.4±19.4%であった。

著者

森 忠繁 大本 美彌子 石見 敦子 大羽 和子 明石 信爾

出版者

日本衛生学会

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, no.3, pp.399-403, 1976-08-31 (Released:2009-02-17)

参考文献数

14

---

It is well known that water colours and poster colours are made of inorganic pigments that then contain metals such as Cr, Pb, Fe, Co, Cd, Hg etc.. Recently, promoting the culture of sentiments, children practice painting with their fingers using water colours and poster colours, that is called the finger-painting. It is possible that inorganic metals contained in water colours and poster colours are potentially hazardous to children who practice painting in a private school. Each of four colours of red, blue, yellow and green of water colours and poster colours was analyzed for Cr, Pb, Fe, Co, Cd and Hg. And urinary Pb and Cd were determined on twenty five children, ages 4 to 11 of a private school of the painting and five control children ages 3 to 11. The following results were obtained.1) On the whole, water colours and poster colours contained a large quantity of Fe and Pb next to Fe. Especially yellow-2 of water colours contained a large quantity of Pb and showed 1, 012.5μg/g. The dissolved lead was found in water colours that were in lead tubes.2) The average of urinary Pb of tested children was 6.07±6.67μg/l(n=15), and that of control children 2.20±2.59μg/l(n=5). There were not significant difference at levels of 5% between the mean of subjects and that of the control.3) The average of urinary Cd of subjects was 0.68±0.94μg/l(n=25), and that of the control 0±0μg/l(n=5). There were not significant difference at levels of 5% between the mean of subjects and that of the control.4) The coefficient of correlation between experimental length in years and urinary Pb was 0.98, its regression line being yPb=3.18x+2.17(±2.92) as yPb for urinary Pb and x for experimental length in years.5) The coefficient of correlation between experimental length in years and urinary Cd showed 0.91, its regression line being yCd=0.23x+0.11(±0.25) as yCd for urinary Cd and x for experimental length in years.6) The coefficient of correlation between ages and urinary Pb was 0.10, and that between ages and urinary Cd was 0.72. Urinary Cd was apt to increase in proportion to ages.

著者

吉益 光一 大賀 英史 加賀谷 亮 北林 蒔子 金谷 由希

出版者

一般社団法人日本衛生学会

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.67, no.1, pp.27-36, 2012 (Released:2012-03-07)

参考文献数

32

被引用文献数

1 3

---

Psychological approaches such as mindfulness-based stress reduction or mindfulness-based cognitive therapy could be effective for relieving a wide range of psychosocial stresses or frictions between parents and children. Several interventional approaches based on mindfulness have been shown to be useful for improving parent-child relationships not only among healthy families but also among those with difficult psychopathologies. Particularly in the relationships of parents with their children with developmental disorders such as autism or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorders, these approaches may play an important role in that the motivations of both parents and children could be enhanced because they can actually feel that their mental condition improves through meaningful parent-child interactions that they experience in their daily lives. These approaches are also expected to improve communications between mothers and children through the development of a finely honed sensitivity. One practical example is shown for the mental growth of children by the mindfulness-based dietary education and the secondary effects of this education on the parents. We can also apply these effective methods to the improvement of general interpersonal relationships.

著者

高橋 啓子 山内 博 益子 まり 山村 行夫

出版者

日本衛生学会

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.45, no.2, pp.613-618, 1990-06-15 (Released:2009-02-17)

参考文献数

19

被引用文献数

3 7

---

We studied the role of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) as a methyl group donor in the methylation of inorganic arsenic in mammalians.The SAM and S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) levels in the livers of untreated hamsters were 74.3±8.2 and 40.0±6.4nmol/g, respectively. The SAM level was 63.9±6.5nmol/g following oral administration of 1.5mg/kg of arsenic trioxide, which was 14% lower than the control level (t-test, p<0.05). This fall of the SAM level in the liver presumably derived from the SAM having acted as a methyl group donor.Oral administration of 1.5mg/kg of arsenic trioxide once only to hamsters pretreated intraperitoneally with 2.0mg/kg of SAM once only gave the following arsenic levels in the liver and urine. The dimethylated arsenic (DMA) levels in the livers of hamsters treated with SAM plus arsenic trioxide were significantly high, that is, 2 times as high as the control value at 6 hours, and 1.5 times as high as the control value at 24 hours after the administration of arsenic trioxide. The urinary DMA excretion rate in the hamsters treated with SAM plus arsenic trioxide during the first 24 hours after the administration was significantly higher, that is, higher by 36%, than the control value. The urinary DMA excretion rate following pretreatment with SAM was not dose-dependent. Pretreatment with methionine failed to exert any significant acceleratory effect on the methylation of arsenic trioxide.The decreasing pattern of the SAM level in the liver following administration of arsenic trioxide and the DMA behavior in the liver and urine following administration of SAM and arsenic trioxide revealed that SAM accelerated the methylation of inorganic arsenic. In other words, it appeared that SAM could be a very potent methyl group donor to inorganic arsenic.

著者

福岡 秀興

出版者

日本衛生学会

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.71, no.1, pp.37-40, 2016 (Released:2016-01-30)

参考文献数

16

被引用文献数

2

---

Worldwide, lifestyle-related diseases such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases are presently the leading causes of death and disability, and their incidences tend to increase. A lifestyle-related disease has been considered mainly to be induced by specific disease susceptibility genes and lifestyle after birth. However, the steep increase in the incidences of lifestyle-related diseases is difficult to be explained only by specific genes. Presently, a new theory has been proposed. Epidemiological and animal studies have disclosed the intimate links between malnutrition in the developmental stage and lifestyle-related chronic diseases. Such studies provide the foundation and framework for a new life science, that is, the theory of developmental origins of health and diseases (DOHaD). Although much research has been carried out to elucidate the putative concepts and mechanisms that relate specific exposures in early life to the risk of chronic diseases, a complete picture still remains obscure. Historically, the world has experienced severe famines, for example, the Dutch Winter Famine, the Chinese Great Leap Forward Famine, the Leningrad Siege and the Biafran Famine. These famines showed that malnutrition in utero poses higher risks of lifestyle-related diseases. The main research point has been focused on periconceptional and perinatal undernutrition and specific nutrient deficiencies. However, presently, the number of people who are overweight and obese has been increasing. Therefore, perinatal overnutrition and specific nutrient excesses should also be examined. In addition, psychological stress, environmental chemicals and artificial reproductive techniques are other important research fields in DOHaD.

著者

吉田 康久 河野 公一 原田 章 豊田 秀三 渡辺 美鈴 岩崎 錦

出版者

日本衛生学会

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, no.2, pp.450-458, 1978

被引用文献数

5

---

耐熱性の目的でポリアミド, ポリエステルが近年比較的多量に用いられているが, その限界温度以上での使用または廃棄時に毒性のある熱分解成分が生成する可能性がある。本研究はこれを解明する目的で空気中熱分解ガス等を, ガスクロマトグラフ, 同マススペクトログラフにより分析するとともに, また, 動物試験としてマウスについて急性暴露を行って, その主要死因を確かめたものである。<br>熱分解ガスとしてポリエステルでは一酸化炭素, エタン, プロピレン, アセトアルデヒド, ベンゼン等が, また, ポリアミドではこれらの成分に加えてアンモニア, ペンテン等が検出されたが, 毒性並びに発生量よりみて一酸化炭素が優勢な成分として推定された。<br>動物試験では, 単一, 一時間暴露, 一週間観察による概算的致死濃度がポリアミドで79.6g, ポリエステルで30.5g/1000<i>l</i>空気であり, この場合一酸化炭素濃度が2700∼3000ppmと認められた。この一酸化炭素が主要死因であることは, 血液の一酸化炭素飽和度をガスクロマトグラフにより分析した結果, その値が55%を越えることから確認することができた。<br>フユーム, またはグリース状物質として発生する熱分解成分は, 生成後直ちに凝集してその大きさ100μm以上に達し, また, 赤外分光分析により原試料に近似した構造を示すので, ある種のフッ素樹脂の熱分解における特異なポリマーフユーム熱の原因にはなり得ないと考えられる。動物試験ではまた暴露後48時間程度に肺水腫等の傾向が認められて死亡する場合も多いので, 一酸化炭素につぐ比較的毒性の大なる第2の致死因子が存在することも確実である。したがって, もし実際の症例においては, 予後における十分な観察と早期の治療が必要なものと指摘される。

著者

阿賀 倶子

出版者

日本衛生学会

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, no.3, pp.433-444, 1976

---

先に陳・槌本が報告したBMRと血清PBIに関する研究と併行して,同じ日本の気候に曝露される日本人10名と,白人10名の被検者について,血清遊離脂肪酸(FFA)濃度を1972年6月から毎月1回1年間にわたりItaya-Ui変法を用いて測定した。<br>(1) 血清FFA値の年間平均値には日本人と白人の間に差がなかった。これは教室の山口の米軍人と日本自衛隊員と比べて前者が有意に高かったという報告とは異なる結果である。そして白人のFFA値は1, 2月の厳冬期に日本人に比べて低く,かつこの季に大きく低下する動きを示し,その年間変動率(49.6%)は日本人(25.2%)よりも有意に大きかった。この点も山口の結果とは逆であった。また白人でも日本に移住して間もない者の寒期の低下は著しかった。<br>(2) FFA値とBMR値とは,日本人では有意の正相関を呈したのに対し,白人では負の相関傾向を示した。両計測値を各個人の平均に対する各月の変動率でみると白人の負の相関係数は有意であった。また季節別にみると,夏期のFFA値とBMR値との関係は日本人,白人とも正相関の傾向にとどまるが,冬期には日本人は正相関傾向を示すのに反して白人では有意の負の相関を示した。<br>山口は冬の居住気温が日本人で10°Cも低かった事が主因となって,日本人の方がより強く寒冷に順応されたものと解しているが,(1), (2)の結果を綜合すると,本研究では逆に白人被験者の方が強く寒冷に順応したものと解される。したがってFFA値の水準や季節変動には人種的な差はなく,その寒冷期の居住環境が大きく関与すると推論された。血清PBI値とFFA値とは両群とも負の相関傾向を呈した。血清FFA値と基礎代謝の呼吸商(RQ)の間に年間を通じて有意ではないが負の相関傾向がみられた。

著者

大和 浩 姜 英 太田 雅規

出版者

日本衛生学会

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.70, no.1, pp.3-14, 2015

被引用文献数

5

---

It is necessary to implement 100% smoke-free environments in all indoor workplaces and indoor public places in order to protect people from exposure to second-hand tobacco smoke (SHS). Forty-four countries have already implemented comprehensive smoke-free legislations according to the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) Guidelines on protection from exposure to tobacco smoke. The Occupational Safety and Health Law (OSHL) was partially revised to strengthen the countermeasures against SHS in Japan in 2014. However, the revision was only minimal. Firstly, it is necessary to make efforts to implement countermeasures against SHS (their implementations are not obligatory, as required in Article 8). Secondly, the revised OSHL allowed the implementation of designated smoking rooms inside workplaces (Article 8 requires 100% smoke-free environments). Thirdly, revised OSHL does not effectively cover the small-scale entertainment industry so that workers in restaurants and pubs will not be protected from occupational SHS. We explain the importance of implementation of 100% smoke-free environments by law, using the data on leakage of smoke from designated smoking rooms, and occupational exposure to SHS among service industry workers. The decrease in the incidence of smoking-related diseases in people where a comprehensive smoke-free law is implemented is also introduced. These data and information should be widely disseminated to policy makers, media, owners of service industries, and Japanese people.

著者

坂本 義雄

出版者

日本衛生学会

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.14, no.9, pp.1015-1026, 1960-02-01 (Released:2009-02-17)

参考文献数

18

著者

高野 健人

出版者

日本衛生学会

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.57, no.2, pp.475-483, 2002-05-15 (Released:2009-02-17)

参考文献数

95

被引用文献数

2 2

---

This is a review article on “Healthy Cities”. The Healthy Cities programme has been developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) to tackle urban health and environmental issues in a broad way. It is a kind of comprehensive policy package to carry out individual projects and activities effectively and efficiently. Its key aspects include healthy public policy, vision sharing, high political commitment, establishment of structural organization, strategic health planning, intersectoral collaboration, community participation, setting approach, development of supportive environment for health, formation of city health profile, national and international networking, participatory research, periodic monitoring and evaluation, and mechanisms for sustainability of projects. The present paper covered the Healthy Cities concept and approaches, rapid urbanization in the world, developments of WHO Healthy Cities, Healthy Cities developments in the Western Pacific Region, the health promotion viewpoint, and roles of research.

著者

劉 雲宝 千葉 百子 稲葉 裕 近藤 雅雄

出版者

日本衛生学会

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.56, no.4, pp.641-648, 2002-01-15 (Released:2009-02-17)

参考文献数

48

被引用文献数

6 23

---

Objective: Keshan disease is an endemic cardiomyopathy found in Keshan, north-east China. The first patient was identified in 1935. This disease is characterized by a blood circulation disorder, endocardium abnormality and myocardium necrosis. Selenium (Se) deficiency is thought to be a major factor by Chinese scientists. However, the exact etiology has not been clarified up to now. The government decided to apply sodium selenite to growing crops, and the incidence of the disease decreased dramatically. However, a few cases still occur as chronic or latent types. This paper reviews Keshan disease from a historical aspect and also the present situation.Methods: We made a reference survey and summarised the etiology, pathological changes, clinical manifestation, and other views of Keshan disease.Result: So far, epidemiological surveys have shown that Keshan disease occurs in large areas in 14 provinces in China, mainly in the countryside. It has been confirmed by clinical and pathological studies that Keshan disease is an independent endemic myocardial disease caused by biological and geological factors. The largest prevalence age rates are boys under 15 years old and women of childbearing age. There are several hypotheses; acute carbon monoxide poisoning, virus infection, malnutrition, or selenium deficiency. The first is not currently believed to be the cause. The following was pointed out; studies on the relationship between diet and the endemic areas of Keshan disease in 1961, where the food custom of the local residents was relatively simple and a so-called “one-sided diet” (eating a limited variety of food) might be related to the incidence of Keshan disease. In 1973, large-scale investigations on the natural environments were performed in the endemic areas of Keshan disease in the whole country. As a result, it was reported that there was a relationship between the incidence of Keshan disease and the special natural environment in the endemic areas and the cause of Keshan disease was strongly supported by nutritional, biological, geological and chemical (selenium deficiency) factors. In 1981, on the other hand, it was found that the levels of antibodies against Coxsackie virus were higher in the serum of Keshan disease patients than of normal subjects. This fact supposed that the cause of Keshan disease was related to a virus infection. However, it is difficult to explain why the clinical and pathological manifestations of Keshan disease are similar to those of other diseases, e. g. idiopathic dilatational myocardial disease. Further research should be performed on Keshan disease to clarify the etiology.

著者

足立 泰儀

出版者

日本衛生学会

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.48, no.6, pp.1090-1098, 1994-02-15 (Released:2009-02-17)

参考文献数

12

被引用文献数

9 12 14

---

It has been reported that the standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) of biliary tract cancer (BTC) (female gallbladder cancer (GBC) in particular) are high in the Niigata plain and low in other parts of Niigata Prefecture. Based on epidemiological studies, the presence of environmental water pollution by agricultural chemicals is likely to be associated with the occurrence of GBC, and one of the most suspected of these is a diphenylether herbicide, chlornitrofen (CNP).The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether or not there was a difference in concentrations of CNP and its reduction product (CNP-amino) in river and faucet water between Niigata and Joetsu Cities, which are located in the Niigata plain and another part of Niigata, respectively. By employing a new method for CNP and CNP-amino extraction, the detection of CNP and CNP-amino was undertaken by using a gaschromatograph with an electroncapture detector.The maximum levels of CNP concentrations were 871 and 554ng/l in river and faucet water, respectively on May 6, 1992 in Niigata City. The concentration of CNP in faucet water was well correlated with that in river water. In Joetsu City, the maximum concentration in river water was 183ng/l on May 6 and had decreased rapidly towards the background level on July 29, 1992. As to the concentrations of CNP in faucet water in Joetsu City, they fluctuated between the levels of 2 and 9ng/l. In the case of CNP-amino concentrations in faucet water, a clear-cut difference was evident between the two cities; 384ng/l in Niigata and under the quantity limit in Joetsu.Examination of CNP and CNP-amino concentrations in faucet water was made in Murakami, Gosen and Kamo Cities, where the SMRs for female GBC were insignificant even in the midst of the Niigata plain. It was demonstrated that concentrations of CNP and CNP-amino were as low as in Joetsu City. The levels of pollution of faucet water with CNP and CNP-amino were well correlated with the SMRs of BTC, especially female GBC.

著者

佐藤 元

出版者

日本衛生学会

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.56, no.3, pp.561-570, 2001-10-15 (Released:2009-02-17)

参考文献数

139

被引用文献数

2 2 2

---

Policy science provides the analytical frameworks to examine (1) the process of policy formation and implementation (Issue definition, Agenda setting, Alternative development, Decision and implementation, and Appraisal); (2) the initial and final shapes of policy content (Temporal and spacial distribution of costs and benefits, Selection of administrative organizations, and Choice of instruments to secure policy compliance); and (3) the effects and efficiencies of policy (Expected and unexpected effects of policy, beneficial and adverse ones). These three aspects are closely associated, and determine the functions of policy in society. Overseas, the application of policy science framework to health issues has thus far produced substantive knowledge which helps to improve both the policy making and policy designs, and at the same time, has provided good opportunities on which the workings of health and policy, both at the social and individual levels, are explored.The paper first outlines the themes and frameworks of political science, and then, introduces their application to the field of health. Issues associated with human life and health have special characteristics that distinguish them from those of other market commodities: special values placed on life and health, information inequality between service providers and consumers, and externalities, leading to a variety of moral hazards and market failures. Furthermore, there are some conflicts in values and technical opinions in society, regarding both the ends and means of health policies. In addition to the main topics in the field, empirical studies, from Japan or from other countries, are also summarized. Finally, future research needs and expectations are addressed.

著者

小栗 朋子 吉永 淳

出版者

日本衛生学会

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.69, no.3, pp.177-186, 2014 (Released:2014-09-24)

参考文献数

33

被引用文献数

8

---

Objective: The objective was to estimate the inorganic arsenic (iAs) intake of the general Japanese adult population by a probabilistic approach. Methods: Bioaccessible iAs concentrations in rice (n=56) and hijiki (n=32), the two food items that are the major iAs sources for the Japanese, were measured by liquid chromatography-ICP mass spectrometry. The concentration in cooked rice was estimated from the measured concentration in a raw rice sample while taking into consideration the loss of iAs during cooking. The iAs concentration in hijiki was measured using soaked hijiki samples. The daily consumption of cooked rice and soaked hijiki was taken from published data. The distribution profile of daily iAs intake was estimated by multiplying the bioaccesible iAs concentration in cooked rice and soaked hijiki samples by the amount of these samples consumed daily, which were randomly extracted according to the respective distributions. This process was repeated 10,000 times. Results: The distribution profiles of iAs concentration in rice and hijiki were normal and log-normal, respectively, and those of the amount of cooked rice and soaked hijiki consumed were beta and log-normal, respectively. The daily bioaccessible iAs intake values were estimated to be 19 and 59 μg/day at 50 and 95 percentile. At 50 percentile iAs intake, the contributions from rice and hijiki were estimated to be equal, whereas the contribution from hijiki increased with the estimated total daily iAs intake. Conclusions: The iAs intakes of Japanese subjects estimated in previous duplicated portion studies were fairly consistent with the present estimation. Moreover, it was confirmed that the cancer risk derived from dietary iAs intake of the general Japanese population was not negligible.

著者

嵯峨井 勝 ウィンシュイ ティンティン

出版者

日本衛生学会

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.70, no.2, pp.127-133, 2015 (Released:2015-05-21)

参考文献数

37

被引用文献数

1

---

Traffic-related air pollution is a major contributor to urban air pollution. Diesel exhaust (DE) is the most important component of near-road and urban air pollution and is commonly used as a surrogate model of air pollution in health effects studies. In particular, diesel exhaust particles (DEP) and the nanoparticles in DEP are considered hazardous components on health effects. It is widely known that exposure to DEP is associated with mortality due to respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. Recently, there has been accumulating evidence that DEP and the nanoparticles in DEP may be causes of neurodegenerative disorders. Here, we introduce the evidence suggesting their association with such disorders. First, we describe the chemical components and the translocation of DEP and nanoparticles to the brain, and then introduce the evidence and a mechanism by which reactive oxygen species (ROS) and any inflammatory mediators can be produced by DEP phagocytosis of macrophages, microglia and astrocyte cells in the brain. There are many lines of evidence showing that the neurodegenerative disorders are profoundly associated with enhanced oxidative and inflammatory events. Second, we describe a mechanism by which neurodegenerative diseases, such as stroke, Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease, are induced via oxidative stress and inflammatory events.

著者

三ツ矢 隆重

出版者

日本衛生学会

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, no.3, pp.324-339, 1973-08-30 (Released:2009-08-24)

参考文献数

31

---

Male rats were trained in a multiple maze with five choice points in the pathway. Their behavior was recorded remotely to remove unnecessary stimuli during the learning. One group of rats was fed adlibitum and the other fasted from evening to the end of the learning period the next morning.Each group was subdivided into three groups for training under different noise conditions: group I was trained in silence; group II was exposed to wide bound noise at 100 dB(C) for one hour before the start of learning; and group III was exposed to the same noise during learning.In rats which had been trained for 20 days, the process of learning extinction was then observed in the same maze every four days under noiseless or noisy conditions.The following items were used as learning indices: the time spent to reach the goal, the number of times non-correct gates were passed, and the time spent between each of the gates.1. In the fasting rats all three learning indices were lower than in the adlibitum fed rats in group I. (noiseless)2. Adibitum fed rats of group III (exposed to noise during learning) showed lower learning indices than those in group I, and those in group II (exposed to noise before learning) passed non-correct gates more often than did those in group I.3. Among the fasting rats, group III showed higher values in the three indices than did the other two groups.4. In both fed and fasting rats, the learning process from the first gate to the goal was much more disturbed by noise exposure than was that from the starting point to the first gate.5. Group III rats (exposed to noise during learning) were much more affected than those in group II (exposed to noise before learning).6. Among the rats (both fed and fasting) which had been trained under noiseless conditions, those exposed to noise during the extinction process showed slower extinction than those undergoing extinction in silence.7. Among the rats which had been trained under noisy conditions, those fed ad libitum showed slower extinction in silence than in noise. However, in fasting rats, silence hastened extinction while noise slowed it.These findings suggest that noise affects learning by interfering with information analysis more than with memory, and that exposure to noise during learning severely hampers the learning process.

著者

山口 直人

出版者

日本衛生学会

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.68, no.2, pp.78-82, 2013 (Released:2013-05-29)

参考文献数

14

被引用文献数

1 2

---

The International Agency for Research on Cancer of World Health Organization announced in May 2011 the results of evaluation of carcinogenicity of radio-frequency electromagnetic field. In the overall evaluation, the radio-frequency electromagnetic field was classified as “possibly carcinogenic to humans”, on the basis of the fact that the evidence provided by epidemiological studies and animal bioassays was limited. Regarding epidemiology, the results of the Interphone Study, an international collaborative case-control study, were of special importance, together with the results of a prospective cohort study in Denmark, case-control studies in several countries, and a case-case study in Japan. The evidence obtained was considered limited, because the increased risk observed in some studies was possibly spurious, caused by selection bias or recall bias as well as residual effects of confounding factors. Further research studies, such as large-scale multinational epidemiological studies, are crucially needed to establish a sound evidence base from which a more conclusive judgment can be made for the carcinogenicity of the radio-frequency electromagnetic field.

著者

稲葉 洋平 内山 茂久 欅田 尚樹

出版者

日本衛生学会

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.70, no.1, pp.15-23, 2015 (Released:2015-01-29)

参考文献数

39

被引用文献数

2

---

In Japan, ultralow-nicotine cigarette brands with ventilation holes on the cigarette filters have been widely marketed to smokers. The use of these cigarette brands leads to compensation smoking. Menthol cigarette brands that have a cooling and numbing effect are also sold. In 2013, smokeless tobacco products similar to the Swedish snus, which is banned for sale in the European Union except in Sweden, were released in Japanese markets. These tobacco products have “toxicity,” have a “ventilation filter,” are “attractive,” and promote “dependence.” Tobacco smoke and smokeless tobacco are classified into “Group 1: Carcinogenic to humans” by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). The purpose of Articles 9 and 10 of the World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC) is to regulate the contents of tobacco products as well as to regulate tobacco product disclosures. The implementation of some other articles has gradually advanced in Japan. However, that of Articles 9 and 10 is late. Japanese governmental authorities are being urged to immediately implement Articles 9 and 10.

著者

川原 正博 水野 大

出版者

日本衛生学会

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.69, no.3, pp.155-165, 2014 (Released:2014-09-24)

参考文献数

67

被引用文献数

2

---

Trace elements including iron, zinc, copper, and manganese play essential roles in the maintenance of brain functions. Accumulating evidence suggests that dyshomeostasis of trace elements is implicated in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer’s disease, vascular type of dementia, prion diseases, and dementia with Lewy bodies. These diseases share similarity in the formation of β-sheets containing amyloid fibrils from disease-associated proteins, including the β-amyloid protein (AβP), the prion protein, α-synuclein, and polyglutamine, and the introduction of apoptotic degeneration. Trace elements can bind to these proteins and cause their conformational changes. Furthermore, these proteins reportedly play crucial roles in the regulation of trace elements. Considering that these proteins colocalize in synapses, it is possible that the interactions between the disease-associated proteins and trace elements are based on the physiological roles of these proteins. We review here the current understanding of the pathology of neurodegenerative diseases based on metal binding to disease-associated proteins and on the disruption of metal homeostasis.

著者

加藤 貴彦 松尾 佳奈 黒田 庄一郎 盧 渓 小田 政子 大場 隆

出版者

日本衛生学会

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.69, no.3, pp.211-214, 2014 (Released:2014-09-24)

参考文献数

3

---

In a long-term large cohort study, we introduced an electronic money system for remuneration of research participants. In comparison with the delivery of cash vouchers, the operation and mailing cost, and the processing time were significantly reduced. The workers were also able to save the time and effort they spent on the inventory management of cash vouchers. In addition, risk management was improved, as demonstrated by the reduction of complaints and associated problems such as nonarrival or content differences of cash vouchers. This is because only card points as additional money need to be added once the electronic money card has been distributed to the recipients. Furthermore, the psychological stress of workers associated with inventory management and ensuring cash voucher enclosure was also reduced.