著者

森岡 郁晴 田渕 優奈 高橋 侑子 織田 侑里子 中井 正美 柳瀬 安芸 渡津 千代子

出版者

一般社団法人日本衛生学会

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.66, no.1, pp.115-121, 2011 (Released:2011-02-25)

参考文献数

21

被引用文献数

8 9

---

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to clarify the contamination of mobile phones shared in hospital wards and its relationship with the consciousness and behavior of nurses about biological cleanliness. Methods: Samples from mobile phones were cultured to detect viable bacteria (n=110) and Staphylococcus aureus (n=54). A questionnaire survey was conducted on 110 nurses carrying mobile phones on the day of sampling. Results: Viable bacteria were detected on 79.1% of the mobile phones, whereas S. aureus was detected on 68.6%. All the nurses were aware of hand washing with water or alcohol after regular work, but 33.6% of the nurses were not conscious of hand washing with water or alcohol after using a mobile phone. There was a significant positive relationship between the frequency of using mobile phones and the number of hand washings with water or alcohol. A significant negative relationship was found between the detection of viable bacteria and the number of hand washings with alcohol. The results of logistic regression analysis showed that the detection of viable bacteria was related significantly with the number of hand washings with alcohol (Odds ratio, 0.350; 95%CI, 0.143–0.857) and that the detection of S. aureus was related significantly with the frequency of using mobile phones (Odds ratio, 0.183; 95%CI, 0.036–0.933). Conclusions: It is important to be conscious of the fact that mobile phones shared in hospital wards are easily contaminated. Because hand washing with water or alcohol prevents the contamination of the mobile phones, nurses should take standard precautions after using mobile phones.

著者

砂田 毅 加藤 智雄 谷戸 恵子

出版者

The Japanese Society for Hygiene

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.21, no.5, pp.325-338, 1966-12-10 (Released:2009-02-17)

参考文献数

23

---

Japanese goldfish is adequate for toxicity testing in the field because of low cost and easiness in lethal effect testing compared with commonly used laboratory species such as mice or rats. 24-hr TLm for many food additives, poisons and inorganic compounds in goldfish were measured, and we demonstrated its usefulness for the field test in case like the powdered milk poisoning case which had occurred in Japan in 1955 with more than ten thousands injureds babies and one hundred and thirty deaths owing to contamination of preservatives added to milk with arsenic compounds. Further, by this method, lethal effects of mixed chemicals could be easily observed. For such an example, increased toxicity of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate in the presence of pentasodium tripolyphate was demonstrated.

著者

津金 昌一郎

出版者

The Japanese Society for Hygiene

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, no.4, pp.775-784, 1992-10-15 (Released:2009-02-17)

参考文献数

21

被引用文献数

1 3

---

Over a million people of Japanese origin reside in South America. However, only a limited number of studies on their health status and lifestyle factors affecting it have been carried out. The author and his co-workers have been conducting a series of field surveys on the health situation and lifestyle factors in Japanese immigrants and their descendants in various areas of South America.The subjects of the first-phase study were residents in four agricultural settlements (colonies) in the suburbs of Brazil, Paraguay and Bolivia. The levels of minerals and heavy metals in the hair were measured, and significant variations were found in several elements. These different levels were found to be regulated by the environmental level of their living place and by the dietary pattern.In the second-phase study, several health-related indicators such as blood pressure, anthropometric features, viral infection markers in sera, and dietary pattern were investigated in two group of immigrants, one from Okinawa and the other from the mainland of Japan, both living in Bolivia. Differences in health situation and lifestyle were identified between them. Traditional habits seen in their original places of residence in Japan still existed in their life in Bolivia, while the introduction of Bolivian lifestyle was prevalent among them.Although the number of Japanese residents in Brazil is largest in the world outside of Japan, little has been known about their health situation. The subjects of the third-phase study were Japanese Brazilians. A descriptive epidemiologic study was carried out, and the mortality and incidence of cancer were determined. Some changes in disease pattern were noted when compared with Japanese in Japan, but these changes were not as marked as in the case of Japanese in the U. S.. A cross-sectional study on the lifestyle factors of Japanese residents in São Paulo showed some differences in health-related indicators and dietary habits in comparison with Japanese living in five areas of Japan. Such differences were also found among Japanese in São Paulo according to the place of origin in Japan.These series of studies in Japanese immigrants in South America showed the importance of lifestyle factors, especially dietary habits, for the health situation.

著者

長澤 徹 野村 恭子 竹之下 真一 平池 春子 土谷 明子 大久保 孝義 冲永 寛子

出版者

一般社団法人日本衛生学会

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.74, pp.18033, 2019 (Released:2019-06-13)

参考文献数

21

被引用文献数

1

---

Objectives: In academia, harassment may often occur and remain unrevealed in Japan, which discourages young researchers from pursuing their career. It is necessary to estimate and improve the perception of “academic harassment” among university faculties. Therefore, in this study, we aim to develop a scale of perception of academic harassment.Methods: Prior to a quantitative survey, a task team consisting of medical doctors, researchers, nurses, hospital workers, and managers in general affairs division identified 36 items related to academic harassment. In February 2016, we sent a self-administered questionnaire to 1,126 academic faculty members who worked in a medical university located in Tokyo, Japan. We instructed them to score the extent to which they consider each item as related to academic harassment based on a Likert scale. We carried out maximum likelihood factor analyses with promax rotation and computed Cronbach’s alpha to develop a scale and investigate the reliability of the scale.Results: In total, 377 returned the questionnaires (response rate, 33.5%; male, 73.8%). In factor analyses, we removed 17 items owing to low factor loadings, and four factors were eventually extracted. The first factor was termed “Harassment in organization (7 items)” because it included conditions of forcing a particular person to work on chores or lectures for students that may prevent one’s academic research outputs. The second factor was termed “Violence and denying personal character (4 items)”. The third factor was termed “Research misconduct (5 items)” including conditions of excluding a particular person from the coauthor list of research outputs or pressuring a person to fabricate, falsify, or plagiarize research outputs. The fourth factor was termed “Research interference (3 items)” including a condition of interference with conference attendance. Cronbach’s alpha values of these four factors ranged from 0.83 to 0.91, suggesting that the scale had high reliability. The means of these factors did not differ according to gender but were higher in participants aged 50 or older than in younger participants.Conclusions: The results suggest that the scale of perception on academic harassment consisting of four factors with 19 items is valid and reliable to some extent.

著者

関 明彦 瀧川 智子 岸 玲子 坂部 貢 鳥居 新平 田中 正敏 吉村 健清 森本 兼曩 加藤 貴彦 吉良 尚平 相澤 好治

出版者

日本衛生学会

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.62, no.4, pp.939-948, 2007-09-15 (Released:2008-05-16)

参考文献数

130

被引用文献数

14 22

---

‘Sick house syndrome’ (SHS) is a health issue that closely resembles sick building syndrome (SBS) that had occurred in European countries. The aim of this review is to clarify the characteristics of SHS by reviewing previous reports rigorously. We propose the definition of SHS as “health impairments caused by indoor air pollution, regardless of the place, causative substance, or pathogenesis”. Cases of SBS are reported to occur predominantly in offices and sometimes schools, whereas those of SHS are usually found in general dwellings. In many cases, SHS is caused by biologically and/or chemically polluted indoor air. Physical factors might affect the impairments of SHS in some cases. It is considered that symptoms of SHS develop through toxic, allergic and/or some unknown mechanisms. Psychological mechanisms might also affect the development of SHS. It is still unclear whether SBS and SHS are very close or identical clinical entities, mostly because a general agreement on a diagnostic standard for SHS has not been established. Previous research gradually clarified the etiology of SHS. Further advances in research, diagnosis, and treatment of SHS are warranted with the following measures. Firstly, a clinical diagnostic standard including both subjective and objective findings must be established. Secondly, a standard procedure for assessing indoor air contamination should be established. Lastly, as previous research indicated multiple causative factors for SHS, an interdisciplinary approach is needed to obtain the grand picture of the syndrome.

著者

梶田 悦子 伊木 雅之 飛田 芳江 三田村 純枝 日下 幸則 緒方 昭 寺本 路夫 土田 千賀 山本 和高 石井 靖

出版者

The Japanese Society for Hygiene

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.50, no.4, pp.893-900, 1995-10-15 (Released:2009-02-17)

参考文献数

41

被引用文献数

11 9

---

We recruited community-dwelling women for participation in a study to investigate the effects of risk factors in lifestyle on bone mineral density (BMD). The subjects were 177 women aged 35 years and over living in a rural area in Fukui Prefecture. Their BMD of the lumbar spine (L2-L4) was determined by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). In addition to measurements of height, body weight and grip strength, the lifestyles of the women, including physical load in work, sporting activities, smoking habits, calcium intake, and history of bone fracture were interviewed in detail.Adjusted for age, the BMD significantly correlated to body weight (r=0.337, p<0.05 for premenopausal women and r=0.289, p<0.01 for postmenopausal women) and body mass index (kg/m2) (r=0.291, p<0.05 for premenopausal women and r=0.190, p<0.05 for postmenopausal women). These results indicated the lower body weight to be a risk factor for the osteoporotic process in middle-aged and aged women. With respect to the grip strength as a physical fitness indicator, a significant correlation coefficient (r=0.267, p<0.01) with BMD was obtained for postmenopausal women independent of age and body weight.In univariate analysis, BMD showed no significant correlations with sporting activities, smoking habits, lower back pain and history of bone fracture for either premenopausal women or postmenopausal women. In multiple regression analysis using age, calcium intake, physical load in work, body weight, grip strength, and sporting activities, the latter three variables had significantly increasing effects on BMD, while aging and menopause had significantly negative effects on BMD.Thus, physical excercise was suggested to protect middle-aged and aged women from the osteoporotic process, probably through either maintaining or enhancing muscle strength.

著者

西野 治身 田中 朋子 土肥 祥子 伊木 雅之 梶田 悦子 日下 幸則 鏡森 定信

出版者

The Japanese Society for Hygiene

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.49, no.4, pp.807-815, 1994-10-15 (Released:2009-02-17)

参考文献数

30

被引用文献数

4 2

---

Bone mineral density of the lumbar spine (BMD) and biochemical markers for bone turnover were examined to study the mechanisms of age-related and menopause-related bone loss. We measured BMD of the lumbar spine and serum bone alkaline phosphatase (B-AlP) and bone gla-protein (BGP) as markers of bone formation and fasting urinary creatinine-adjusted hydroxyproline (Hyp/Cr) and calcium (Ca/Cr) as those of bone resorption in 166 community-dwelling Japanese women.A highly significant positive correlation between age and each of the biochemical markers, except for Ca/Cr, was observed. This relationship was not linear. Marked elevation in the levels of the markers was found in women in their sixth decade women compared with those in their fifth.All the markers correlated inversely with the BMD and these relationships remained significant after elimination of the effect of age by partialization. When analyzing the subjects in each five-year age group, the positive correlation of Hyp/Cr with Ca/Cr was significant in the subjects aged 45 to 49 and the negative correlation of Hyp/Cr with BMD was significant in those aged 50 to 54. B-AlP correlated positively with BGP in the subjects aged between 50 and 54 and inversely with BMD in those aged between 55 and 59. These correlations were significant. Thus, intercorrelations between the markers were observed five years earlier than were correlations between the markers and BMD. Such associations appeared earlier in terms of the markers for bone resorption than in terms of the markers for bone formation.In the subjects aged 50 to 54 who had encountered menopause more than three years previously, BGP and Hyp/Cr were elevated compared with those in the premenopausal women of similar age and a significant correlation between Hyp/Cr and BMD was observed. Therefore, menopause seemed to account for the uncoupled activation in the bone metabolism found in the subjects around 50 years of age.The decrease in bone mass observed in our subjects around 50 years of age as a result of uncoupling of bone formation and resorption was suggested to be initiated by activation of bone resorption caused by menopause preceding activation of bone formation.

著者

上山 純

出版者

一般社団法人日本衛生学会

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.73, no.3, pp.247-256, 2018 (Released:2018-09-29)

参考文献数

64

---

Human biomonitoring (HBM) is a technique to evaluate chemical exposure level by measuring the levels of chemicals or related substances such as their metabolites or adducts in biological samples (e.g., urine or blood). Compared with exposure assessment by an approach to estimate insecticide intake from diet or the environment, HBM can provide information more specific to an individual exposure dose and can reflect the exact body burden condition at the time of measurement. If the analytical sensitivities, completeness and cost-effectiveness of the method are improved further, HBM might be widely applicable to not only research fields such as epidemiological and occupational study but also routine analysis for effective prevention of the exposure of the human body to chemical substances. In this article, we provide an overview of HBM as a determination method for insecticide exposure markers in urine and its applications, and discuss future research perspectives in the field of environmental and occupational health.

著者

今木 雅英 三好 保 藤井 正信 小島 俊男 多田 敏子 勢井 雅子 高橋 仁 山崎 亮治 藤田 久雄 大木元 繁 石本 寛子 伊藤 里美

出版者

The Japanese Society for Hygiene

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.4, pp.905-912, 1991-10-15 (Released:2009-02-17)

参考文献数

13

被引用文献数

2 2

---

The digestibilities of nutrients and energy in Shiitke mushrooms (Lentinus edodes) was measured in healthy adult males. A test diet was given for 5 days after 5 days on a basal diet which supplied 40g/day of protein and 45kcal/kg/day of energy. The test diet was identical with the basal diet except that shiitake was incorporated. Digestibility was calculated by the difference of fecal output between the test period and the basal period. The results obtained were follows:1. Shiitake 60g/day intake levelDigestibility of protein was 69.3±11.2%.Digestibility of fat was 66.6±24.9%.Digestibility of carbohydrate was 55.7±10.5%.The ratio of the total available energy to intake energy (Net Energy Availability) was 55.4±15.4%.2. Shiitake 40g/day intake levelDigestibility of protein was 85.5±23.8%.Digestibility of fat was 70.0±90.1%.Digestibility of carbohydrate was 65.8±13.1%.The ratio of the total available energy to intake energy (Net Energy Availability) was 67.4±25.9%.

著者

坂田 清美

出版者

一般社団法人日本衛生学会

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.42, no.6, pp.1056-1063, 1988

被引用文献数

1

---

老人保健法による健診受診率に影響を与える因子について市町村の人口規模による格差を明らかにするため,昭和60年5月に全国市区町村にアンケート調査を実施した。<br>1) 2,645市区町村より回答が得られ,回収率は80.7%であった。<br>2) 一般健康診査の精密診査の項目の実施状況をみると,法に定められた項目は人口規模の大きな自治体でよく実施されていたが,人口規模の小さな自治体では実施率がやや低く,市町村の財政事情や医療環境の違いが反映していると考えられた。<br>3) 一般健康診査の自己負担なしの市町村の割合は,人口規模5万以上の自治体で最も高く,市町村の財政力による違いと考えられた。<br>4) 健康診査の周知には,人口規模の大きな自治体では広報紙を利用し,人口規模の小さな自治体では地区組織を利用しており,人口規模による違いがみられた。<br>5) 一般健康診査の結果の通知は,人口規模の小さな自治体では,約半数が複数の方法で実施していたが,人口規模の大きな自治体では複数の方法で実施している割合が低かった。背景には人的資源の不足等が考えられた。<br>6) 健康診査受診率向上の工夫の実施状況をみると,広報の充実は人口規模に関係なくよく実施されているが,日時の設定の工夫は人口規模の小さい自治体で実施されており,地域の産業構造の違いによることが示唆された。<br>7) 一般健康診査の医師確保先では,一般診査の理学的検査,精密診査の判定とも,人口規模の大きな自治体では医師会より,人口規模の小さな自治体では保健所より確保している市町村の割合が最も高く,医師会の組織力の違いが影響していると考えられた。<br>8) 保健事業に協力している地区組織をみると,婦人会,老人クラブは人口規模の小さい自治体ほどよく協力していた。

著者

米山 京子 池田 順子 永田 久紀

出版者

The Japanese Society for Hygiene

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, no.4, pp.770-779, 1997-01-15 (Released:2009-02-17)

参考文献数

33

被引用文献数

2 5

---

1994年7月および10月に,出産後21-590日,年齢21-42歳で乳,乳製品を摂取しない者を比較的多く含む授乳婦105名を対象に,母乳中Ca濃度,1日尿中のH.P,Caのクレアチニン補正値(H.P/Cre,Ca/Cre),超音波法により測定された踵骨の骨密度および乳,乳製品摂取状況の相互の関連性を解析し,母乳中Ca濃度の維持機構について考察した。1.尿中のH.P/Creの幾何平均値(M±SD)は授乳期間が5ヵ月未満,それ以上の場合,それぞれ40.7(31-61),36.3(28-47)mg/gで,骨吸収が亢進していることが示された。2.尿中H.P/Creは乳,乳製品の摂取頻度が少ない程,牛乳摂取量が少ない程有意に高く,牛乳摂取量が1日100ml以下の場合には,尿中H.P/Creと母乳中Ca濃度間には有意の正相関が認められた。これらの結果は,Ca摂取量が少ない程骨吸収が亢進して母乳中のCaを補償することを示唆する。3.牛乳摂取量が1日100ml以下の場合,母乳中Ca濃度は骨密度と有意の正相関が見られたことから,Ca摂取量が少ない場合でも骨密度が低い場合には母乳のCaは補償されないことが示唆された。4.牛乳摂取量に関わらず,尿中Ca/Creが低い程母乳中Ca濃度が有意に高かったことから,母乳中Ca濃度の維持に腎臓でのCaの保持機構が関与することが確認された。

著者

稲 恭宏 町田 和彦 鈴木 克彦 塚本 和正

出版者

日本衛生学会

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.48, no.6, pp.1077-1089, 1994

被引用文献数

1

---

The effects of voluntary running exercise on health indexes in rats were studied before and after Sheep Red Blood Cell (SRBC)-induced inflammation. Male Fischer rats (SPF) 8 weeks of age were housed in individual sedentary cages (sedentary group) or in individual wheel-running cages (exercise group) for 4 months. Then all rats were injected with 20% SRBC (0.5ml/100g body weight) i. p.<br>Voluntary running activity averaged 1408m/day, reached a peak (2913m/day) at the 25th day and waned over time, reaching a plateau at the 60th day (about 1000m/day).<br>In spite of a significant increase in food intake (117%), exercising rats gained significantly less weight (93%) than sedentary rats at all times in experimental period. The exercise group also showed a significant decrease in the value of serum triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (T. CHO) (TG p<0.0002, T. CHO p<0.03).<br>The hematocrit (Ht) and hemoglobin concentration (Hb) were higher in the exercised rats, and at 4 days after i. p. SRBC, the difference became statistically significant (Ht p<0.0002, Hb p<0.003). Thus, protective effects against the decrease of Ht and Hb were demonstrated in the exercised group.<br>Perhaps this inflammation did not impair liver function severely; sedentary rats had normal or slightly higher levels of GOT and GPT. On the other hand, exercised rats had lower GOT and GPT. Significant differences were found between the groups (GOT, GPT p<0.0001).

著者

清水 英佑 鈴木 勇司 林 和夫 安藤 皓章

出版者

The Japanese Society for Hygiene

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.6, pp.1088-1094, 1992-02-15 (Released:2009-02-17)

参考文献数

27

---

In spite of strict laws prohibiting it, criminal cases involving marijuana abuse are increasing, resulting in a serious social problem in Japan. The most common method of ingestion is smoking, since abusers feel that this method produces quick psychological effects controversial. Marijuana is known to induce psychological addiction, but it's genotoxic effects are still argued. Marijuana smoking tar has been extracted from seized pipes. The amounts of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in the tar were weighed and the mutagenic activity was tested.The results are as follows:1) Five of the seven PAHs were detected in marijuana tar, although benzo (e) pyrene and perylene were not.2) There was more pyrene than any other substance detected in the tar, with fluoranthene having the next highest concentration.3) Mutagenic activity was observed in all samples, with relative mutagenic potency ranging from 0.03 to 1.59.4) The type of smoking pipe and burning temperature may affect the mutagenic activity and the amount of PAH.5) Since marijuana smoking tar contains carcinogens, promoters, and mutagens, there is a risk of developing cancer just as in the case of tobacco.

著者

辻裏 佳子 豊田 久美子

出版者

一般社団法人日本衛生学会

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.68, no.3, pp.175-188, 2013 (Released:2013-09-28)

参考文献数

33

被引用文献数

2 2

---

Objective: To explore gender differences in physical and mental relaxation in subjects who watched a forest relaxation video. Methods: The subjects were 12 males and 12 females in their 20’s, with an average age of 21.67±1.00 and 21.42±1.56, respectively. They rested for 5 minutes, and then watched either a forest relaxation video or control video (grey screen, no sound). After the video session, they rested again for 5 minutes. Thus, the total experimental duration was 20 minutes. Before and after the video session, subjects completed visual analog scales (VAS) on mood and Profile of Mood States (POMS) questionnaires. Subjects also pointed out the most comfortable scenes on the video. In addition, we measured their heart rates. Analyses were based on the semantic differential (SD) technique. Results: The heart rate of male subjects decreased just after watching the relaxation video (p<0.05–0.01), and the LnHF increased (p<0.05–0.01), indicating significant activation of the parasympathetic nervous system. Regarding VAS scales, the “refreshment” score increased in male subjects (p<0.01). In females, all three scores for “pleasantness”, “calmness”, and “refreshment” increased after watching the relaxation video (p<0.05–0.001). In addition, the “tension–anxiety” score of the POMS decreased after watching the video (p<0.05). Conclusions: Both male and female subjects felt relaxed after the forest relaxation video. Especially, heart rate changes suggested that male subjects experienced relaxation after the video, whereas female subjects experienced mental relaxation.

著者

大場 健吉

出版者

The Japanese Society for Hygiene

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, no.6, pp.494-511, 1971-02-28 (Released:2009-02-17)

参考文献数

66

被引用文献数

1 4

---

Most houses in Japan were provided with cesspool- or septic tank-percolation field system for domestic sewage disposal. The author carried out a two-year test on biodegradation of linear aklylate sulfonate (LAS) under the cesspool-percolation field, prior to the detergent conversion to biodegradable surfactants. Good drainage was sustained with the test LAS cesspool in comparison with the former ABS cesspool; so the test cesspool-percolation field system maintained an unsaturated soil condition.Under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, analysis on bacterial flora of the LAS cesspool was carried out on soil and waste taken from the cesspool. Among LAS assimilable bacterial species as Micrococcus, Aerobacter, Flavobacter, Paracolobactrum, Alcaligenes and Pseudomonas, a Pseudomonas sp. appeared to play the main role in the process of surfactant biodegradation. The Pseudomonas was named as Pseudomonas surfactassimilas nov. sp..Taxonomical characteristics of Pseudomonas surfactassimilas nov. sp. are as follows;The strain is Gram-negative rods and motile with a polar flagellum. Branching is not found.Rods: 0.4 to 0.6 by 1.2 to 1.5 microns.Nutrient agar colonies: Circular, smooth, entire, flat, yellowish gray.Nutrient agar slant: smooth, glistening, transluent, yellowish gray, medium unchanged.Potato: Growth moderate, creamy to yellowish gray.Litmus milk: Unchanged.Aerobic, facultative.Non fluorescence on King's media.Catalase: Negative.Kovacs' oxidase test: Positive.Gelatin Stab: No liquefaction.Nitrates: Not reduced.Acetylmethyl carbinol: Not produced.Urease: Negative.Indol: Not produced.Hydrogen sulfide: Not produced.Ammonium citrate: Not utilized.Starch: Not hydrolyzed.Casein: Not hydrolyzed.Cellulose: Not attacked.Glucose, lactose, sucrose: Not fermented.Citric acid, tartaric acid, succinic acid, acetic acid, fumaric acid: Used as a sole source of carbon.Valeric acid, propionic acid, butyric acid: Not utilized as a sole source of carbon, but used under existence of vitamins.Phenol (1%): Growth observed after twice inoculation on synthetic broth as a sole source of carbon.Surfactants with straight alkyl chain: Utilized as a sole source of carbon.Temperature relations: 20-37°C, optimum 30°C.Optimum pH: 7.0Source: Isolated from soil and waste of cesspool.When waste water was treated under aerobic circumstances, surfactants with straight alkyl chain could be decomposed by biological oxidation to the extent comparable with, or more than, the degradation of general organic substances. The cesspool-percolation field system easily maintained an unsaturated condition to avoid excessive ponding in the percolation field by periodic supply of waste water which provided aerobic condition.

著者

今木 雅英 三好 保 藤井 正信 勢井 雅子 多田 敏子 中村 武夫 棚田 成紀

出版者

The Japanese Society for Hygiene

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.45, no.2, pp.635-641, 1990-06-15 (Released:2009-02-17)

参考文献数

9

被引用文献数

1

---

日本人を対象とした穀類の消化吸収率およびエネルギー利用率に関する正確なデータがほとんどないので,これらの値を算出した。対象者は日本人青年男子4名である。7日間の基礎食,それに続いて精白米,小麦粉,そば粉のテスト食品を7日間摂取させた。実験期間中に排泄された糞および尿は全量採取し分析に供した。基礎食期とテスト食期の成分の差によって,消化吸収率およびエネルギー利用率を算出した。以下はその結果である。1) 蛋白質の消化吸収率は,精白米(粒状)89.6±5.0%,小麦粉(粉状)93.4±2.9%,そば粉85.1±2.5%であった。2) 脂質の消化吸収率は,精白米93.6±1.8%,小麦粉70.8±13.5%,そば粉103.1±8.4%であった(脂質は実験食での摂取量が少なかったため誤差も大きかった)。3) 炭水化物の消化吸収率はほとんど100%であった。4) 正味エネルギー利用率は,精白米100.6±1.4%,小麦粉96.5±1.1%,そば粉96.0±1.1%であった。

著者

稲寺 秀邦 浜崎 智仁

出版者

一般社団法人日本衛生学会

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.65, no.4, pp.506-515, 2010 (Released:2010-09-25)

参考文献数

57

被引用文献数

2 2

---

In 2007, the Japan Atherosclerosis Society published the Guidelines for prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. However, the guidelines have several flaws with regard to the cutoff level of serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). First, LDL-C level is used instead of serum total cholesterol (TC) level in the guidelines. In this case, they must show at least some basic data on the relationship between LDL-C level and mortality or morbidity from coronary heart disease (CHD). Second, it was recommended that the LDL-C level be below 140 mg/dL or 3.6 mmol/L (corresponding to a TC level of 220 mg/dL or 5.7 mmol/L, respectively). These levels are unreasonable considering that the TC levels of 240–260 mg/dL are optimal in terms of all-cause mortality for the Japanese population. Third, although there are big differences in mortality and morbidity from CHD between sexes, they discussed the matter without considering these differences. Last but not least, the conflict of interest of the editors of the guidelines has never been disclosed. The Japanese population has a lower CHD mortality and incidence than populations from other industrialized countries despite an increase in serum TC level in the former. In populations with a markedly lower coronary mortality or morbidity such as the Japanese population, it is still important to determine the optimal cutoff level of LDL-C to prevent the development of CHD and other atherosclerotic diseases.

著者

宮下 道夫

出版者

The Japanese Society for Hygiene

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, no.3, pp.158-163, 1955-01-01 (Released:2009-02-17)

参考文献数

7

著者

稲葉 洋平 大久保 忠利 内山 茂久 欅田 尚樹

出版者

一般社団法人日本衛生学会

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.68, no.1, pp.46-52, 2013 (Released:2013-01-25)

参考文献数

21

被引用文献数

1 3

---

Objective: To measure the nicotine and tobacco-specific nitrosamine (TSNA) contents in whole tobacco from a variety of Japanese domestic cigarette brands and to determine mutagencity. Methods: The test cigarettes were the top ten best selling cigarette brands in Japan in 2006. The nicotine content in whole tobacco was measured by a modified version of the CORESTA Recommended method. The level of TSNA was measured by a modified version of the Health Canada method. Mutagenicity was assessed using the Salmonella typhimurium strains TA100, TA98 and YG1024 with the metabolic activation system (S9mix) by preincubation assays. Results: The nicotine content in the test cigarettes averaged 15.7±1.2 mg/g, and was in the range between 13.7 and 17.2 mg/g. The level of TSNA averaged 1,750 ng/g, and was in the range between 931 and 2,490 ng/g. Mutagenicity was pseudopositive in several samples of the YG1024 tester strain with and without S9mix. Conclusion: The cigarettes brands were categorized into four groups (Ultra-low, Low, Medium, and High) based on the nominal nicotine yield figures printed on the cigarette packets. The nicotine content in whole tobacco of the High group was the highest. However, the level of TSNA of the high group was the lowest. The analyses of hazardous chemical compounds in whole tobacco can contribute to the reduction and regulation of the toxicity of tobacco products.

著者

佐藤 雅彦

出版者

The Japanese Society for Hygiene

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.59, no.3, pp.317-325, 2004-07-15 (Released:2009-02-17)

参考文献数

73

被引用文献数

4 3

---

In many research groups including our laboratory, metallothionein (MT)-I/II null mice have been used to clarify the biological function and physiological role of MT. Recent studies with MT-I/II null mice concerning the role of MT in the toxicity and distribution of metal, oxidative stress and chemical carcinogenesis were reviewed. Some reports, including our findings, showed that MT-I/II null mice have an increased sensitivity to harmful metals such as cadmium, mercury, zinc and arsenic. Moreover, it was clarified using MT-I/II null mice that MT plays a major role in the retention of cadmium, mercury and zinc in target tissues. MT-I/II null mice were found to be much more sensitive than wild-type mice to the toxicity caused by free radical-inducing factors, which include paraquat, acetaminophen, ethanol, X-ray, ultraviolet B, carbon tetrachloride, cisplatin, doxorubicin, cerulein and streptozotocin. In addition, MT-I/II null mice were highly susceptible to skin carcinogenesis induced by 7, 12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene and bladder carcinogenesis caused by N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine. These results suggest that MT is an important protective factor against metal toxicity, oxidative stress and chemical carcinogenesis.