著者

守屋 利佳

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.137, no.4, pp.413-419, 2017-04-01 (Released:2017-04-01)

参考文献数

41

被引用文献数

1 2

---

We have experienced a series of big revolutions in medical education in Japan. In undergraduate courses, common guidelines had been established for medical education (the model core-curriculum of medical education). Then, from 2005, a standard achievement testing system [objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) and computer based testing (CBT)] was begun, and clinical clerkships were accordingly promoted. In post-graduate courses, a new clinical resident training system was initiated in 2004, and there are currently approximately 40000 clinical instructors nationwide. Accreditation of Japanese medical schools based on global standards for quality improvement has just begun. Almost the same process has taken effect in the field of pharmaceutical education (PE), such as the preparation of guidelines for PE and clinical training, a shift to a six-year course, and the establishment of an accreditation organization. The educational guidelines were revised in 2013 to provide better clinical training. Both of these educational revolutions aim at providing the proper education to train healthcare professionals committed to practicing “patient-centered medicine” and to becoming lifelong learners. To educate such professionals naturally includes improving their communicative competency, and cultivating their professionalism along with their acquisition of scientific and medical knowledge, based on both quantitative and qualitative study. The Society for Medical Education has begun a new “Medical education specialist (MES) training system” responding to the need of MES in every medical school and training hospital. A new PE specialist educational system can be expected soon, as well.

著者

高橋 酉蔵 岡田 寿太郎 上田 善子

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.80, no.2, pp.260-264, 1960-02-25 (Released:2010-02-19)

参考文献数

7

被引用文献数

1

---

In order to examine analgesic activity, dimethylaminoethyl and dimethylaminopropyl 6-chloro (methoxy or ethoxy)-2-benzothiazolecarboxylates were prepared. 2-Benzothiazolecarboxylic acids were obtained by the reaction of ethyl 4-chloro (methoxy or ethoxy)-oxanilate and phosphorus pentasulfide to form ethyl thioöxanilates, hydrolyzed with sodium hydroxide to thioöxanilic acids, and cyclized with potassium ferricyanide in alkaline aqueous solution. The acids were derived to the acyl chloride with phosphorus pentachloride and condensed with dimethylaminoethanol or dimethylaminopropanol. These esters underwent decomposition in the air to form 6-chloro-(methoxy or ethoxy)-benzothiazole.Dimethyl- or diethyl-aminoethyl and dimethyl aminopropyl 6-chloro- or 6-ethoxy-2-benzothiazolepropionate were prepared by the application of sulfuric acid in methanol to N-(p-chlorophenyl)- or N-(p-ethoxyphenyl)-succinimide to form methyl succinanilates, reacted with phosphorus pentasuifide to form N-phenylthiosuccinimides, and cyclized with sodium hydroxide to thiosuccinanilic acids, which was further cyclized with potassium ferricyanide to 2-benzothiazolepropionic acids, derived to aryl chlorides with thionyl chloride, and finally condensed with dimethylaminoethanol, dimethylaminopropanol, or diethylaminoethanol.

著者

大嶋 直浩

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.137, no.2, pp.173-177, 2017-02-01 (Released:2017-02-01)

参考文献数

33

被引用文献数

1 5

---

Ephedra Herb is a crude drug for the treatment of headache, bronchial asthma, nasal inflammation, and the common cold. Although it has been considered that ephedrine alkaloids (EAs) are the principal active ingredients of Ephedra Herb, EAs are known to induce palpitations, hypertension, insomnia, and dysuria as major side effects. Therefore, the administration of EAs-containing drugs to patients with cardiovascular-related diseases is strongly contraindicated. Previously, we isolated herbacetin 7-O-neohesperidoside from Ephedra Herb. In addition, we found that herbacetin, a flavonoid aglycone in Ephedra Herb, had antiproliferative and analgesic effects. Therefore, the prospect of preparing safer natural medicines without the adverse effects associated with EAs was appealing. In this symposium review, to achieve the aim of producting a clinically useful Ephedra Herb extract with none of the adverse effects associated with EAs, I present an efficient preparation method of EAs-free Ephedra Herb extract, together with its chemical composition, antiproliferative effects, and a putative marker for quality control.

著者

井浪 義博 安東 嗣修 佐々木 淳 倉石 泰

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.132, no.11, pp.1225-1230, 2012 (Released:2012-11-01)

参考文献数

17

被引用文献数

1 1

---

The primary function of surfactants is to remove dirt, exfoliated corneum cells, and microorganisms from the skin. However, the use of toiletries such as soaps and shampoos containing surfactants may cause adverse effects such as cutaneous irritation, dryness, and itching. Recently, skin pathologies, including dry skin, rough skin, and sensitive skin, have increased because of changes in living conditions and lifestyle. Although many people with skin pathologies complain of itching during and/or after skin washing using detergents, the mechanisms of detergent-induced itch are yet to be elucidated. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the mechanisms underlying surfactant-induced itching. We found that topical application of an anionic surfactant sodium laurate at an alkaline pH, but not N-lauroylsarcosine sodium salt at neutral pH, to mouse skin induced scratching, an itch-related response. Additionally, we found that the sodium laurate-induced scratching was inhibited by H1 histamine receptor antagonist, but not mast cell deficiency. Sodium laurate application increased histamine content and the level of the active form (53 kDa) of L-histidine decarboxylase (HDC) in the mouse epidermis, but not the dermis. Furthermore, addition of sodium laurate to a human epidermal cell culture increased histamine release and HDC levels, without affecting cell viability. These results suggest that surfactants with alkaline properties are pruritogenic and that the pruritus is induced by the histamine released from epidermal keratinocytes. The increase in histamine release may be attributable to the activation of HDC in epidermal keratinocytes.

著者

丸山 桂司 竹内 保男 大藏 直樹 根岸 文子 秋山 暢 金子 一郎

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.140, no.6, pp.819-825, 2020-06-01 (Released:2020-06-01)

参考文献数

16

被引用文献数

1

---

The quality of chest compression affects survival after sudden cardiac arrest, particularly when it occurs out of hospital. Pharmacy students should acquire basic life support skills as part of the model core curriculum of pharmacy education. Here, we trained first-year students at the Faculty of Pharmacy to deliver cardiopulmonary resuscitation and used a manikin with a real-time feedback device that quantified chest compression skills. Students were classified into shallow compressions (SC; <50 mm) and deep compressions (DC; ≥50 mm) groups based on the depth of chest compressions measured prior to training. After training, the mean compression depth (mm) was significantly shallower for the SC, than the DC group and many students in the SC group did not reach a depth of 50 mm. Similarly, students were classified into slow compression rate (SR; ≤120/min) and rapid compression rate (RR; >120/min) groups based on the results of training in the rate of chest compressions. Significant differences in mean compression rates were not found between the groups. However, correct compression rate (%), the percentage of maintaining 100-120 compression/min was significantly higher in the SR, than in the RR group. Chest compression rates correlated with compression depth, and chest compression tended to be too shallow in group that was too fast. The quality of chest compression might be improved by delivering chest compressions at a constant rate within the recommended range.

著者

後藤 實 野口 友昭 渡邊 武

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.78, no.5, pp.464-467, 1958-05-25 (Released:2010-02-19)

参考文献数

9

被引用文献数

2 7

---

Crude drugs and plants, numbering 229 kinds, were examined for principles having uterus contracting action and it was found that an extract of Lespedeza bicolor var. iaponica NAKAI (family Leguminosae) showed a comparatively strong action. From the result of various tests, the active principle of this plant was assumed to be an alkaloid and the principle was extracted y the usual method, affording white prisms melting at 47-48°. A molecular formula of C12H16N2 was given for this substance from elemental analyticalvalues and molecular weight determination. There has been no report of identification of this kind of a substance fro the Lespedeza sp. and the substance was tentatively named alkaloid L.Ultraviolet absorption spectrum and various tests indicated the alkaloid L to possess an indole ring and a side chain of dimethylaminoethyl group was assumed to be attached to its 3-position. The alkaloid L was therefore derived to its methiodide and it was found that this methiodide was identical with N, N-dimethyltryptamine methiodide in respect to its melting point, elemental analyses, and infrared absorption spctrum. Therefore, the alkaloid L would be N, N-dimethyltryptamine. A dose of 50mγ/cc. of this alkaloid contracted excised uterus of a hamster. The effect of N, N-dimethyltryptamine on the tryptophan demand of Lactobacillus arabinosus, with tryptophan as the essential growth factor, was examined by microbiological assay but no effect was found to be exerted on fungal growth.

著者

阿久津 守

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.139, no.5, pp.693-697, 2019-05-01 (Released:2019-05-01)

参考文献数

11

被引用文献数

2 3

---

The number of persons arrested in Japan for drug-related offenses in 2016 increased from the previous year. Especially, cannabis offenses have increased since 2014, with more than 2000 persons arrested in 2015. As a feature of the year 2017, we analyzed many cannabis concentrates, called “Cannabis wax”, in the process of analyzing cannabis in the Narcotics Control Department. “Cannabis wax” refers to concentrates of the hallucinogenic component of cannabis, tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). Increasingly, cannabis wax containing 50 times higher THC than general dry cannabis has been confiscated. More than 2300 compounds are currently regulated as new psychoactive substances in Japan. In a recent trend, there is an increasing number of cases in which a wide range of regulated substances have been seized and confiscated, ranging from those that have been abused for a long time, to those that are newly regulated. Many structural isomers are present among these, and we are constantly developing techniques for the rapid and accurate analysis of these compounds.

著者

中島 美津子 孫 大輔 川村 和美 内海 美保

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.135, no.1, pp.117-121, 2015-01-01 (Released:2015-01-01)

参考文献数

19

被引用文献数

2 2

---

The concept of interprofessional work (IPW) is becoming increasingly important recently and the role of nurses in IPW seems critical. In Japan, the problem of burnout and turnover of nurses has been recognized, and the solution seems embedded in the scheme of IPW, because it appears to improve their job satisfaction and recognition as health professionals. However, many obstacles lie ahead, such as “tribal conflict” between health professionals including between pharmacists and nurses. Although failure to understand the roles of other professionals or competencies may seem to hamper with the promotion of collaboration, we must realize that even a lack of understanding among nurses exists. The authors believe that the solution is to understand and respect not only other professionals but also colleagues of the same profession.

著者

木村 友美 加藤 大輔 西村 拓矢 James Van Schyndle 宇野 慧 吉田 正貴

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.140, no.5, pp.701-710, 2020-05-01 (Released:2020-05-01)

参考文献数

45

被引用文献数

1

---

We previously reported that anticholinergic (AC) drug use increases with age in the elderly Japanese population. In this analysis, we investigated attribution for each AC drug type to total AC burden using different elderly age groups. Prescription records (from 09/23/2015 to 12/31/2016) for outpatients using any AC were extracted from pharmacy claims (primary source) and hospital-based databases. AC burden (number of AC drugs and AC score) and AC type were assessed using the Anticholinergic Cognitive Burden (ACB) scale, Anticholinergic Drug Scale (ADS), Anticholinergic Risk Scale (ARS), and Beers criteria. Age was categorized using three subgroups (65-74, 75-84, and ≥85 years). Overall, 125426, 140634, 35628, and 23149 of the pharmacy outpatients received ≥1 AC drug from the ACB scale, ADS, ARS, or Beers criteria, respectively. The number of AC drugs increased with age for the ACB scale and ADS groups; but decreased for the ARS and Beers criteria. Antihypertensives provided the biggest contribution to AC score using the ACB scale and ADS, and antihistamines for the ARS. Proportional attribution to AC score typically increased with age for antihypertensives (ADS highest proportion: 34.6% for ≥85 years) and cardiac agents, but decreased for antihistamines (ARS lowest proportion: 15.3% for ≥85 years), corticosteroids, and antiepileptics. Similar findings were typically observed for the hospital database. In conclusion, antihypertensives were the principal type of AC drugs using the ACB scale and ADS and their attribution to AC score increased with age. Antihistamines were the principal drug type for the ARS.

著者

向井 潤一 丸山 沙季 尾鳥 勝也 久保田 理恵

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.140, no.4, pp.591-598, 2020-04-01 (Released:2020-04-01)

参考文献数

23

---

Few studies have examined the relationship between the use of antidepressants and the onset of hyperglycemia and diabetes mellitus in Japan. We herein explored the possibility of this relationship using the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report database (JADER). The present study included 20 individual antidepressants, consisting of 6 subclasses, which have been approved for use in Japan. We used Standardized MedDRA Queries 20000041 to extract patients who developed hyperglycemia/new onset diabetes mellitus (NODM) in JADER between April 2004 and September 2016. We calculated reporting odds ratios (RORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). We also calculated odds ratios defined as the ratio of odds of hyperglycemia/NODM to all other adverse drug events (ADEs) by the age cut-off group or sex in the cases of antidepressants. The lower limit of 95%CI of RORs for 13 antidepressants (imipramine, clomipramine, nortriptyline, amitriptyline, amoxapine, maprotiline, mianserin, sertraline, paroxetine, escitalopram, duloxetine, mirtazapine, and trazodone), which included all subclasses, exceeded 1. Younger age group was associated with hyperglycemia/NODM for 5 antidepressants (imipramine, amitriptyline, maprotiline, duloxetine, and trazodone), and female was associated with the ADEs for trazodone, although these results should be interpreted cautiously. Healthcare personnel need to be aware that the use of antidepressants may lead to hyperglycemia/NODM.

著者

大坪 達弥 辻 琢己 梅山 貴生 首藤 みほ 米須 香那 松本 美菜子 吉田 侑矢 坂野 理絵 友金 幹視 藤田 敦夫 河野 武幸 三上 正

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.137, no.3, pp.363-369, 2017-03-01 (Released:2017-03-01)

参考文献数

7

被引用文献数

2 5

---

Local venous pain caused by dacarbazine (DTIC) injection is due to its photodegradation product 5-diazoimidazole-4-carboxamide (Diazo-IC). The production of Diazo-IC can be decreased by protecting the drug from light. Furthermore, the production of Diazo-IC reportedly increases with time; however, there are no studies reporting the association between the injection preparation time and local venous pain caused by the DTIC injection. We evaluated the efficacy of the following: (1) method used to shorten the injection preparation time and (2) method used to change the diluting solution for DTIC. We found that shortening the injection preparation time tended to decrease the local venous pain expression due to DTIC, and Veen F decreased the production of Diazo-IC compared with the normal saline and 5% glucose solution. These results indicate that shortening the injection preparation time may be effective in preventing the local venous pain caused by the DTIC injection; moreover, using Veen F for DTIC may also reduce the pain.

著者

津田 恭介 伊藤 四十二

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.84, no.10, pp.905-910, 1964-10-25 (Released:2010-02-19)

著者

中本 賀寿夫 小畑 友紀雄 平澤 明 金 啓二 金 守良 徳山 尚吾

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.136, no.4, pp.583-589, 2016-04-01 (Released:2016-04-01)

参考文献数

41

被引用文献数

2 2

---

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by the pathological accumulation of fat in the liver in the absence of any other disease related to liver steatosis, which includes a wide spectrum of liver diseases ranging from mild asymptomatic fatty liver to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and cirrhosis. Recently, it was reported that NAFLD is characterized by the impaired bioavailability of liver n-6 and n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). That is, compared with healthy individuals, steatosis and steatohepatitis patients have higher n-6/n-3 PUFA ratios. Furthermore, per recent research, decreasing the intake of total fats and increasing the intake of n-3 PUFAs may be beneficial in the treatment of NAFLD. In contrast, some reports describe that NASH patients have more metabolic abnormalities than NAFLD patients; however, these are not influenced by dietary fatty acids. Thus, at present, various opinions exist regarding the efficacy of n-3 PUFA in the treatment of NAFLD. In this review, we discuss the considerable interest n-3 PUFA has attracted as a potential treatment for NAFLD.

著者

山口 知宏

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.136, no.2, pp.197-202, 2016-02-01 (Released:2016-02-01)

参考文献数

17

被引用文献数

1

---

A drug's effectiveness against a disease depends not only on its interaction with receptors but also its pharmacokinetics (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and extrusion; ADME). ATP binding cassette (ABC) multidrug transporters are important proteins that influence the ADME properties of a drug, especially the ABC transporter subfamily B member 1 (ABCB1). Elucidation of the molecular mechanisms of ABCB1 will contribute to our understanding of the molecular basis of ADME. Human ABCB1 is expressed in many organelles, and exports various substrates from cells using energy generated by its ATP hydrolase (ATPase) activity. The ATPase activity depends on the concentration of the transport substrates, and the characteristic behavior of the substrate-dependent ATPase activity can be related to the molecular mechanism of ABCB1. Recently, we have revealed the molecular mechanisms of a eukaryotic ABCB1 homolog, CmABCB1, based on structural and functional studies. In this review, I discuss the relationship between key structural features and the behavior of transport substrate-dependent ATPase activity of CmABCB1, including its role in determining the molecular basis of ADME.

著者

北條 康司 橋本 育子 宮本 陽子 川添 禎浩 水谷 民雄

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.120, no.3, pp.311-314, 2000-03-01 (Released:2008-05-30)

参考文献数

21

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While copper(II) gluconate (CuGL) is generally used as a nutrient supplement for infant foods and as an oral deodorant, little information is available regarding a toxic effect of CuGL on mammals. In this article, we examined in vivo induction of toxicity and change of level of glutathione and ascorbic acid, major biological antioxidants, lipid peroxide and copper (Cu) in liver and kidney 4 h after single intraperitoneal administration of CuGL at 0.05 and 0.10 mmol/kg to mice. Serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) activity, an indicator of hepatotoxicity, significantly increased compared to control in proportion to doses of CuGL. Hepatic level of glutathione measured as nonprotein sulfhydryl was not proportional to CuGL doses, but enhanced after dosing of 0.05 mmol/kg and lowered by 0.10 mmol/kg. Like SGPT activity, serum urea nitrogen (SUN) concentration, an indicator of nephrotoxicity, significantly increased in proportion to doses of CuGL. Renal glutathione level was not different from control after dosing of 0.05 mmol/kg and lowered by 0.10 mmol/kg. In both organs, relative organ weight and lipid peroxide level were not affected by the treatment with CuGL; ascorbic acid level was elevated after dosing of 0.05 mmol/kg and was not different from control after treatment with 0.10 mmol/kg; like SGPT activity and SUN concentration, Cu level significantly increased in proportion to doses of CuGL. These results suggest that in the liver and kidney after the treatment with CuGL Cu accumulated may induce toxicity, leading to level changes of glutathione and ascorbic acid and to no induction of oxidative damage.

著者

植沢 芳広

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.140, no.4, pp.499-505, 2020-04-01 (Released:2020-04-01)

参考文献数

22

被引用文献数

4

---

Toxicity testing is critical for new drug and chemical development process. A clinical study, experimental animal models, and in vitro study are performed to evaluate the safety of a new drug. The limitations of these methods include extensive time for toxicity testing, an ethical problem, and high costs of experimentation. Therefore computational methods are considered useful for estimating chemical toxicity. In silico toxicity prediction is one of the toxicity assessments that uses computational methods to predict and stimulate the toxicity of chemicals. In silico study aims to contribute to effective development of new drug and chemical design. In this study, quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models will be used to predict toxicities based on chemical structural parameters. Because toxicities are complicated physiological phenomena, a similar toxicity expression might cause a different pathway. Also, since many drugs with unknown mechanisms of actions are available, the application of artificial intelligence (AI)—which uses sophisticated algorithms— is increasingly used to predict toxicities. Recently, the QSAR model was applied to determine complex relations between chemical structures and toxicities. However, accuracy of QSAR for toxicity prediction remains an important issue. International competitions funded by public institutions can address this issue. Two important toxicity challenges were organized in the past decade; this article presents issues of toxicity based on these challenges.

著者

田邊 思帆里 広瀬 明彦 Maurice Whelan 山田 隆志

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.140, no.4, pp.485-489, 2020-04-01 (Released:2020-04-01)

参考文献数

8

被引用文献数

2

---

The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) has initiated the adverse outcome pathway (AOP) Development Program in which the concept of AOP is applied to evaluate the safety of molecules such as chemicals. This program aims to assist regulatory needs and construct a knowledge base by accumulating AOP case studies. AOP consists of a molecular initiating event (MIE) as the initiating event of the pathway; key events (KEs) as the events themselves, such as cellular-molecular interactions; and adverse outcome (AO), such as signaling transduction-induced toxicity, as adverse events. KEs are extracted as important events at various levels, such as the molecular, cellular, tissue, organ, individual, and species levels; measurement of KEs and key event relationships (KERs), including mechanisms, plausibility, species differences, and empirical support information, are gathered. The development status of the AOP relating to histone deacetylase inhibition-induced testicular toxicity, currently being reviewed by the OECD, has been introduced. The AOP describing malignancies by Wnt ligand stimulation and Wnt signaling activation using gene expression network analysis-based mechanisms in molecular pathway elucidation has been suggested.

著者

田邊 思帆里 山田 隆志

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.140, no.4, pp.479-480, 2020-04-01 (Released:2020-04-01)

被引用文献数

1

著者

赤堀 有美 山下 京介 石田 和也 齋藤 文代 中井 誠

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.140, no.4, pp.491-498, 2020-04-01 (Released:2020-04-01)

参考文献数

19

被引用文献数

1

---

Because the liver is the primary target organ for chemicals and pharmaceuticals, evaluation of these substances' liver toxicity is of critical importance. New evaluation methods without animal testing (i.e., in vitro and/or in silico) are eagerly anticipated, both for animal welfare and for decreasing cost. Also, the importance of mechanistic interpretation of the output derived from non-animal testing has been increasing. Accordingly, we investigated the potential for evaluating liver toxicity by applying the adverse outcome pathway (AOP) concept using gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) from gene expression (GEx) data. A case study targeting hepatocellular fatty degeneration (HFD) is reported and discussed. We first identified the events detectable in an in vitro system by comparing the GEx data from the rat primary hepatocyte (in vitro) and rat liver (in vivo) treated with a chemical with the ability to induce HFD as one of the phenotypes in a 28-day repeated-dose toxicity test. Then, the scores based on GSEA were calculated after establishing the gene sets for each event leading to HFD. As a result, the mechanistic information leading to HFD was obtained from the score calculated based on the GSEA and the usefulness of the transcriptome-driven evaluation using AOP was demonstrated.

著者

望月 眞弓

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.140, no.4, pp.543-554, 2020-04-01 (Released:2020-04-01)

参考文献数

36

---

I have been exploring methods for education and research on drug information for 43 years. There are various approaches to drug informatics research, which include collecting, evaluating, and analyzing information to solve drug related problems, sometimes producing new information from experiments and clinical research. All are based on information science. Drug informatics is information science from the viewpoint of pharmaceuticals. In addition to basic pharmacology, knowledge and skills such as epidemiology, data science, computer science, mathematical statistics, and communication studies are indispensable for the development of drug informatics.