著者

増澤 拓也

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

日本体育学会大会予稿集 第67回(2016) (ISSN:24241946)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.134_1, 2016 (Released:2017-02-24)

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近年様々なバランストレーニングが行われているが、その中の1つとしてスラックラインと呼ばれる2点間に張った平たいテープ上でバランスをとる綱渡りのようなスポーツが、バランス能力を向上させるトレーニングとして注目されている。また、姿勢安定には体幹部の堅牢性が重要視されており、体幹部のトレーニングとして自重を用いた不安定環境にて負荷をかけるサスペンショントレーニングに関心が集まっている。本研究の目的は、スラックラインを用いた基底面動揺トレーニングおよびサスペンショントレーニングを用いた体幹トレーニングが姿勢安定性向上に及ぼす影響を明らかにすることである。実験参加者を基底面動揺トレーニング(BT)群と体幹トレーニング(CT)群に配置し、週3回のペースで合計10回のトレーニングを実施した。その訓練前後において重心動揺計とビデオカメラを用い、姿勢安定性の評価・分析をおこなった。BT群では体幹部を積極的に動かすことで姿勢制御し、CT群では体幹部を動かないように保持することでバランスを安定させることが示唆された。

著者

大家 利之 荒牧 勇 北川 薫

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.12060, (Released:2013-07-08)

参考文献数

22

被引用文献数

1

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Purpose: Recovery condition is classified into two major categories during short-duration (<6 s) intermittent sprint exercise: active recovery (AR) and passive recovery (PR). Performance in passive trials is superior to active trials during short-duration intermittent sprint exercise. The effect of AR intensity on performance during short-duration intermittent sprint exercise remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of recovery conditions (active vs. passive) and exercise intensity of the recovery period on performance, as well as muscle oxygenation during short-duration intermittent exercise. Methods: Ten subjects performed a graded test and ten 5-s maximal sprints with 25 s of PR or AR between sprints on a cycle ergometer. Exercise intensity of AR was adjusted to 15% (AR15), 25% (AR25), or 40% (AR40) of maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), and these were randomly assigned. Peak power and percentage decrement in power were determined during the intermittent sprint exercise. Oxyhemoglobin (O2Hb) and deoxyhemoglobin were also measured using near-infrared spectroscopy. Results: Peak power values were significantly higher with PR than with AR40 (P<0.05). The percentage of peak power decrement was significantly lower with PR than with AR40 (8.4±2.9% vs. 10.9±3.6%, P<0.05). O2Hb variation was significantly higher with PR than with AR40 (27.9±9.6% vs. 20.6±6.0%, P<0.05). Conclusion: AR40 is associated with reduced sprint performance and lower muscular reoxygenation. Performance with AR is not inferior compared with PR if AR is less than 25% of VO2max during short-duration intermittent exercise.

著者

笹山 健作 西原 智子 大口 正行 芝田 孝 足立 稔

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.16045, (Released:2017-01-13)

参考文献数

29

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This study examined changes in attitude toward endurance running in senior high school students with different levels of physical fitness, and this study assessed mood and calculation functions of students before and after endurance running. The participants were 250 senior high school students (119 boys and 131 girls). Endurance running was practiced at a slow pace (slow jogging pace; heart rate: 30-35 [15 s]; rate of perceived exertion (RPE): 11-13). Attitudes toward endurance running were assessed before and after the unit using a questionnaire. Attitudes toward endurance running, more specifically positivity and importance, were calculated in terms of a positive feeling score and cognitive score. In addition, negative attitudes toward endurance running were expressed as a negative feeling score. Changes in mood and calculation function were investigated in the participants and a control group. In the control group, comprising 75 boys and 41 girls, the changes of mood and calculation function were assessed before and after a health class. After the unit, the positive feeling and cognitive score increased significantly and the negative feeling score decreased significantly in both the lower and higher fitness groups. After endurance running, although levels of arousal in the control group were not increased in both boys and girls, arousal levels were increased significantly in both sexes in both the lower and higher fitness groups. The degree of mood change and the degree of attitude change were related significantly to the degree of change in perceived pleasure and the change in the positive feeling score for boys in the higher fitness group. Moreover, the degree of change in perceived pleasure and the degree of change in the positive and negative feeling scores were related significantly for girls in the lower fitness group. These results suggest that slow jogging in a unit, involving how students experience mood and calculation functions, leads to an increase in positive attitude toward endurance running. However, further investigation is necessary to examine the influence of slow jogging on mood and calculation functions, and the influence on attitude toward endurance running in this type of unit.

著者

伊藤 明

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.3, no.1, pp.20, 1958 (Released:2016-12-31)

著者

岸 一弘 牛山 幸彦 大庭 昌昭

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

日本体育学会大会予稿集

巻号頁・発行日

vol.65, 2014

著者

朝倉 雅史 清水 紀宏

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.59, no.1, pp.29-51, 2014 (Released:2014-06-13)

参考文献数

96

被引用文献数

2

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The professional development of a physical education (PE) teacher occurs within a variety of experiences that become resources for the teacher to learn from. However, to gain experience does not necessarily mean development. Development through learning by experience is influenced by the beliefs that the person has. The purpose of this study was to determine the composition and function of PE teacher beliefs—especially “image of what a teacher is” and “vocational beliefs” that influence their professional development. In addition, we classified PE teachers by their beliefs, and examined their development status with a focus on the relevance of experiences for changing a teacher's ideals. A questionnaire survey was conducted. Data were collected from a sample of 634 junior high school and high school PE teachers. The main findings are summarized below.   1)  Factor analysis of data revealed that the PE teachers' image of what a teacher is comprised 4 factors: “leader”, “supervisor”, “supporter of learning” and “team member”, and vocational beliefs comprised 7 factors: “emphasizing public values”, “self-actualization”, “pursuit of pioneering teaching practices”, “emphasizing students”, “professional exclusiveness”, “exercise of autonomy” and “research orientation”.   2)  The teachers were classified by image of what a teacher is into 2 types: “supervisor” and “supporter”. The teachers were classified by vocational beliefs into 5 types: “self-actualization”, “emphasizing students”, “open-minded beliefs”, “self-righteous” and “close-minded beliefs”. The ratios of young teachers classified into “supervisor” and “emphasizing students” were significantly larger than that of experienced teachers. The ratios of experienced teachers classified into “supporter”, “self-actualization” and “self-righteous” were significantly larger than that of young teachers.   3)  Factor analysis of data revealed that experiences comprised 5 factors: “reflecting on teaching practice”, “knowledge acquisition”, “conversing with fellow teachers”, “observing and opening up one's own teaching practices” and “hard experiences”. Experienced teachers were more passive in their experiences, except “knowledge acquisition”, than younger teachers. For more experienced teachers, having positive experiences was more effective for changing ideals.   4)  Teachers classified as the “open-minded beliefs” type were more willing to experience a variety of things than the “close-minded beliefs” type teachers. Regression analysis of data revealed that “emphasizing public values”, “pursuit of pioneering teaching practices” and “research orientation” correlated significantly and positively with experience. But “professional exclusiveness”, “exercise of autonomy” and years of service correlated significantly and negatively with experience.

著者

木内 敦詞 荒井 弘和

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, no.5, pp.677-688, 2006 (Released:2008-01-25)

参考文献数

17

被引用文献数

1

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It has been clarified that self-efficacy (Bandura, 1977) predicts behavior and plays an important role in improving performance. However, there have been no reports of any practical trials for improving sports performance through the development of self-efficacy. The purpose of this study was to propose concrete application of the concept of self-efficacy to sports coaching, using base-running behavior in baseball as a theme. In Study 1, we examined the reliability (internal consistency and stability) of the Self-Efficacy Scale for Base-Running (SES-BR). In Study 2, we examined whether the intervention of the SES-BR could improve the self-efficacy and the performance of base-running as well as psychological competitive abilities such as “decisiveness,” “predictive ability,” and “judgment.” In Study 1, three coaches from a college baseball team extracted 31 types of base-running behavior that are considered critical in baseball games. In order to examine the reliability of the scale, the self-efficacy scores of the fielders in the team (N =24) were measured twice: once on the first day of the season, and again, one week later. The results indicated Cronbach's a =.94 and a test-retest correlation coefficient r =.81 ( p <.001) for the SES-BR, thus verifying the scale's reliability. In Study 2, the college baseball players received cards on which the SES-BR was printed and were instructed to verify the 31 base-running behavioral items every five days. The results revealed a significant increase in the self-efficacy score during the intervention period ( p <.05). Moreover, the base-run errors—an index for base-running performance—decreased due to the intervention of the SES-BR: 8.30/game before the intervention, 6.77/game (-18%) in the first season, and 4.32/game in the second season (-48%). Furthermore, “decisiveness” and the comprehensive evaluation of psychological competitive ability, as evaluated by DIPCA (Tokunaga, 2001), showed significant improvement during the second intervention season ( p <.05 for both). Therefore, the intervention of the SES-BR, which was developed in this study and confirmed to be highly reliable, was suggested as a possible measure for improving self-efficacy and performance in base-running as well as “decisiveness” and overall psychological competitive ability.

著者

木内 敦詞 荒井 弘和 浦井 良太郎 中村 友浩

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.54, no.1, pp.145-159, 2009-06-30 (Released:2009-11-05)

参考文献数

49

被引用文献数

3 4

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College students have low levels of physical activity (PA); however, PA enhancement is suggested to serve as a gateway to the improvement of other forms of health behavior. Graduate Ready for Activity Daily (GRAD) by Sallis et al. (1999) is a PA enhancement course for college students immediately before graduation. The program contains the behavior change skills needed to adopt and maintain regular PA. Moreover, there is also a need to consider PA intervention for freshmen, from the same viewpoint as GRAD. The purpose of this study was to determine whether or not a behavioral science-based physical education program with homework would have positive effects on the psychological, behavioral, and physiological variables related to the PA of college freshmen. The project was named “First-Year Physical Education” (FYPE).College freshmen from an institute of technology in the Kinki area of Japan participated in this study (N=993; intervention group, N=497; non-intervention group, N=496). The programs that were common to all the classes were as follows (the numbers correspond to the sequence of activities in the program): (1) guidance, (2) health-related physical fitness test, (3)–(6) sports activity, (7) lecture on PA and health, (8)–(12) sports activity, (13) health-related physical fitness test, and (14) summary of the program. The PA enhancement programs were meant only for the intervention group. The programs consisted of education on behavioral change skills (decisional-balance analysis, changing self-talk, relapse prevention, social support, shaping, and so on), and out-of-class practical assignments such as active homework (self-monitoring and goal setting with regard to PA). The duration of the weekly program was 3.5 months. We measured psychological variables (self-efficacy and decisional balance [pros–cons] for exercise), behavioral variables (PA level according to the intensity and frequency of categorized PA), and physiological variables (health-related physical fitness, i.e., cardiovascular endurance, flexibility, muscular endurance, and percentage body fat). These variables were measured both before and after the class term; the intervention and the non-intervention groups were subsequently compared.Two-way ANOVA and post hoc test revealed a significant intervention effect for psychological variables such as self-efficacy and the pros of exercise. With regard to the behavioral variables, a significant intervention effect was observed for both the PA levels of “exercise and sports” and “daily activity” and the frequency of the categorized PA (daily PA, health-related exercise such as aerobic exercise, stretching, and muscular exercise). In the health-related physical fitness test with regard to physiological variables, a significant intervention effect was observed for muscular endurance. These results suggest that this behavioral science-based physical education class with homework has comprehensive positive effects on the psychological, behavioral, and physiological variables related to the PA of college freshmen.

著者

木内 敦詞 荒井 弘和 浦井 良太郎 中村 友浩

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, no.2, pp.329-341, 2008-12-10 (Released:2009-02-25)

参考文献数

36

被引用文献数

3 2

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a physical education program based on behavioral science, which includes homework (project First-Year Physical Education: FYPE) on the health level and lifestyle of first-year college students. The study participants comprised 1,090 male college freshmen from an institute of technology in the Kinki area of Japan (intervention group, N=515; non-intervention group, N=575). The programs that were common to all the classes were as follows (the numbers correspond to the sequence of activities of the program). 1: guidance, 2–4: sports activity, 5: lecture (health science), 6–8: sports activity, 9: lecture (health science), 10–12: sports activity, and 13: summary of the class. Health behavior promotion programs were intended only for the intervention group. The programs comprised (1) education on behavioral change skills (self-monitoring, goal setting, self-reinforcement, and so on), and (2) out-of-class practical assignments such as physical education homework. We evaluated the health level and life habits of the students by using the Diagnostic Inventory of Health and Life Habit (DIHAL; Tokunaga, 2003) and evaluated their physical activity level using the Physical Activity Assessment Scale (PAAS; Wakui & Suzuki, 1997). As a result, significant intervention effects were observed with regard to the DIHAL scales for “Eating,” “Resting,” and the “Sum of lifestyle,” and with regard to the subscales of “Level of physical health,” “Eating regularly,” “Relaxing,” “Sleeping regularly,” and the “Fulfillment level of sleep.” The PAAS revealed a significant intervention effect with regard to “Daily activity,” which indicates the relatively light physical activities in daily life; however, this was not observed with regard to the DIHAL scale of “Exercise.” These results clearly indicate that physical education programs based on behavioral science and including homework can improve the overall lifestyle (namely, physical activity, eating, and resting) of first-year college students.

著者

山田 良樹 栗本 義彦 中島 茂 伊藤 貫三 岡崎 太郎 冨岡 元信 仁谷 秀夫

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, no.2, 1966

著者

唐津 邦利 飯塚 鉄雄

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, no.1, 1964

著者

猪飼 道夫 石井 喜八

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.5, no.4, pp.154-165, 1961

被引用文献数

9 5

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The muscular endurance has been tested on the arm ergometer and the straingauge tensiometer together with recording of the electromyograms from the acting muscles. The test consisted of four different procedures and the results were discussed from view point of physiological and psychological limits of performance. 1. The subject contracted the arm flexor on the ergometer with the load of 1/3 of the maximal strength once a second until an exhaution. It was found that electromyograms of the flexor muscles were gradually increased in voltage and frequency in later stage of work. 2. The subject contracted the arm flexor isometrically against the horizontal bar attached with a straingauge apparatus once two seconds with his maximal effort until an exhaustion. It was found that the electomyograms of the arm flexors were increased remarkably in later stage together with an apparently decreased strength. 3. In later stage of the endurance test on the straingauge tensiometer, the subject was given a sound of "shot" of a starting pistol or a sound of "shout" by himself. It was found that the maximal strength recovered up to the initial level of the stregth and sometimes over the initial level of the strength together with an increase of nervous discharge to the arm flexors. 4. The maximal strength was measured once two seconds after the administration of Amphetamine Sulphate until an almost exhaustion on the same subject. It was worthy to note that the elevated level of the maximal strength after the administration of the drug was almost same as that of "shout". These findings appear to be an additional support of the thesis suggested by Michio Ikai and Arthur H. Steinhaus that in every voluntarily executed, all-out maximal effort, psychologic rather than physiologicl factors determine the limits of performance.

著者

鈴木 蔵治

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, no.1, 1965

著者

塩田 琴美 徳井 亜加根

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.15081, (Released:2016-04-11)

参考文献数

30

被引用文献数

1

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Purpose: This study analyzed the status of sport for the disabled and identified factors for increasing volunteer participation in disabled sport. Method: The 548 respondents of the study were registered with an Internet research company and the data generated from their responses were analyzed. The focus of our investigation included “subject attributes,” “recognition of disabled sports events,” and “degree of interest in watching or participating in disabled sports” as factors related to volunteer motivation. Covariance structure analysis using Amos was performed for the purposes of the study. Results: The statistical data revealed that the score for watching and participating in disabled sports was strongly related to prediction of volunteer motivation. It explained the dependent variable 60% in these two factors. Conclusion: As noted earlier, participation in disabled sports events was strongly related to volunteer motivation. This has a good effect in terms of understanding and self-understanding the experience with disabled persons directly rather than indirectly. Specifically, direct experience of disabled sports activity is effective for establishing a symbiotic relationship, and a heightened level of awareness of the special needs that a volunteer can readily address. Supporting this aspect is necessary in order to motivate a positive and independent volunteer spirit.

著者

積山 敬経 国分 大和 船渡 和男 増島 篤

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

日本体育学会大会号

巻号頁・発行日

vol.48, 1997

著者

中山 雅雄 浅井 武

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.54, no.2, pp.343-353, 2009-12-10 (Released:2010-02-13)

参考文献数

22

被引用文献数

3

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the elements that constitute an effective environment for passing practice in soccer by analyzing the relationship between player age range as an organism constraint and the width of the area in which the ball is possessed in a three vs. one (3 vs. 1) task constraint. The task consisted of passing the ball employing one or two touches to maintain possession in a 3 vs. 1 formation in three different square-shaped areas measuring 8m×8m, 10m×10m and 12m×12m. The participants were divided according to age, and categorized as under (U)-10 (fourth grade elementary school), U-12 (sixth grade elementary school), U-14 (second grade junior school) and U-16 (first grade high school). The following criteria were then investigated: passing performance (passing success rate and the number of passing sequences), speed of the passing movement, support available to the player, and decision-making about the passing direction.It was found that U-10 players performed worse in the task than players in the other age groups. Moreover, passing speed was affected by the width of the play area for the U-10 and U-12 players, but not for the U-14 and U-16 players. The distance between the support players was the same for all age groups; however, for the U-10 players, the support angles were more acute than those for the other age groups, thus preventing the U-10 players from adopting useful supporting positions. Furthermore, it was found that the width of the play area did not affect passing performance, but did affect the speed of the passing movement in the 3 vs. 1 task. The distance and the angle of support differed among the players in the different age groups.It is concluded that a wider area in the 3 vs.1 possession task creates easier choices for U-10 and U-12 players, leading to easy understanding of the passing motions. For the U-14 and U-16 players, making the area narrower is effective for maintaining a higher 3 vs.1 possession level. From these perspectives, considering the width of the area for 3 vs.1 possession is important in relation to the developmental stage of soccer players.

著者

柴山 一仁 藤井 範久 阿江 通良

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.56, no.1, pp.75-88, 2011 (Released:2011-07-08)

参考文献数

18

被引用文献数

1 1 1

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the kinematic characteristics of World and Japanese elite 110-m hurdlers during 1-cycle motion in relation to running velocity and leg length. Twenty-nine male hurdlers (SB: 12.92-14.37 s) participated. The motions from touchdown of the lead leg at the 6th hurdle (1st step) to touchdown of the takeoff leg at the 7th hurdle (4th step) were videotaped using a digital VTR camera (60 Hz), and two-dimensional coordinates were calculated based on calibration marks. The motions from touchdown of the takeoff leg at the 7th hurdle to touchdown of the lead leg at the 7th hurdle (1st step) were videotaped using two high-speed VTR cameras (200-300 Hz), and converted to two-dimensional coordinates after calculation of the three-dimensional coordinates using a DLT method. Kinematic parameters were calculated, including step length, step frequency, angles and angular velocities of the shank and thigh, and durations of the support and airborne phases. Stepwise multiple regression analysis was conducted with kinematic parameters as dependent variables, and with running velocity and leg length as independent variables at p<.05. The results were as follows: (1) Faster hurdlers achieved a higher step frequency with less range of thigh motion of the takeoff leg during the 2nd step. (2) The 3rd step played a role in adjusting the step length and preparing for hurdling, especially in hurdlers with a shorter leg length when preparing to increase the vertical GRF in the 4th step. (3) The allocation of time from takeoff at the 4th step to touchdown at the 2nd step was dependent on leg length. (4) Faster hurdlers achieved smaller vertical displacement of CG during the 1st step by shortening the support time to keep the position of the thigh perpendicular at the 2nd step. These results show that faster hurdlers achieved shorter durations of 1-cycle motion because of the increasing in horizontal CG velocity during the shorter support time at the 2nd step.

著者

松延 博 濱田 靖一

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

日本体育学会大会号

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, 1971

著者

山本 教人

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.50, no.6, pp.641-650, 2005

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The objective of this study was to treat media texts on sports as narratives, and then analyze their structure. In order to do so, a content analysis was performed on articles appearing in The Nishinippon Shimbun reporting the 51st Around The Kyushu Ekiden (long-distance relay race) held from November 1st to 10^<th>, 2002. It was confirmed that in these articles, various narratives appeared, such as "Competition Between Teams", "Competition Between Individuals, or Heroes' Achievements", "The Character of Kyushu", "Family Relationships", "Revival", "Revenge", "Love of Home Town", "The Relationship Between Generations", "Gratitude To One's Teammates", "The Tradition of Around The Kyushu Ekiden", and so on. The Around The Kyushu Ekiden narratives according to the media are structured so that the central story "Competition Between Teams" is connected with various sub-plots concerning competition, such as "Competition Between Individuals, or Heroes' Achievements", thus further asserting its position as part of other plots. In conclusion, it may be thought that the Around The Kyushu Ekiden narratives are structured to maximize the diversity of narration, or alternatively that a limit is placed on this diversity, or that such diversity can be added to a limited narration.

著者

服部 正明 風見 昌利 小河 幸次 市口 政光 岩垣 丞恒

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

日本体育学会大会号

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, 1983