著者

原田 和弘 井澤 修平 中村 菜々子 吉川 徹 赤松 利恵 池田 大樹 久保 智英

出版者

一般社団法人日本体力医学会

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.71, no.5, pp.417-429, 2022-10-01 (Released:2022-09-13)

参考文献数

38

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Previous studies among middle-aged and older adults have shown that engagement in exercise with others is more strongly associated with better mental health than engagement in exercise alone. However, the applicability of such findings to workers remains unclear. This study aimed to examine whether 1) engagement in exercise with others and time spent exercising with others were associated with lower stress response and mental distress among workers, and 2) self-determined motivation toward exercise mediated these associations among workers. This was a cross-sectional study. A web-based questionnaire survey was conducted among 810 workers aged 20 to 59 years. The survey measured respondents’ engagement and time spent exercising alone and with others, self-determined motivation toward exercise, psychological and physical stress responses, mental distress, and basic factors. Basic factors were treated as covariates. The analyses of covariance showed that engagement in exercise with others was significantly associated with lower psychological and physical stress responses and mental distress, while engagement in exercise alone was not. Multiple regression analyses revealed that longer time spent exercising with others was not associated with lower psychological and physical stress responses or mental distress. Path analyses showed that mediation effect of self-determined motivation on these associations was not significant. Although dose-response associations and the mediating role of self-determined motivation were not confirmed, this study found that engagement in exercise with others was associated with lower stress responses and mental distress among workers.

著者

髙山 史徳 鍋倉 賢治

出版者

一般社団法人日本体力医学会

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.67, no.4, pp.269-279, 2018-08-01 (Released:2018-07-18)

参考文献数

78

被引用文献数

1 1

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Marathon running performance closely related to the several physiological and performance variables such as maximal oxygen uptake, running economy, and peak velocity. It is well known that muscle damage has a negative impact on the physiological and performance variables. Thus, restarting training or participating in the race in a state where recovery is inadequate may cause injury and loss of race performance. The aims of this review article are to (1) summarize the previous studies that investigated effects of a marathon race on muscle damage and physiological and performance variables, (2) discuss the middle and long term effects of marathon races on physical condition, (3) suggest the practical strategy for some runners that participate in consecutive races within a short period.

著者

関 哲司

出版者

一般社団法人日本体力医学会

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, no.4, pp.219-224, 1964-12-01 (Released:2010-09-30)

参考文献数

6

著者

安保 徹

出版者

一般社団法人日本体力医学会

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.59, no.1, pp.4, 2010 (Released:2010-04-16)

著者

池崎 和海 芝口 翼 杉浦 崇夫 宮田 浩文

出版者

一般社団法人日本体力医学会

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.66, no.5, pp.345-354, 2017-10-01 (Released:2017-09-29)

参考文献数

27

被引用文献数

1

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Although icing treatment has been well accepted as aftercare in sports fields, the detailed mechanisms of the treatment is not fully understood. In this study, we investigated the effect of icing treatment on the recovery process of rat plantaris muscles with artificially induced muscle damage. Sixty male Wistar rats (8-weeks-old) were randomly assigned to three groups; control (CTL), bupivacaine-injected (BPVC), and icing treatment after BPVC (ICE). Icing treatment was applied for 20 min immediately after BPVC, and the treatment was used once per day for 3 days. The plantaris muscles were removed at 3, 7, 15, and 28 days after the muscle damage, then immunohistochemical and real time RT-PCR analysis were performed. In histochemical analysis, although significant changes were found in the relative muscle weight, cross-sectional area of muscle fiber, percentage of muscle fiber with central nuclei, and expressed immature myosin heavy chain isoforms after muscle damage, as compared to the CTL group, no differences were found between BPVC and ICE groups. In mRNA expression analysis, the ICE group had a significantly lower value of MyoD than the BPVC group at 3 days after the damage. Expression of IL-6 mRNA, which relates to muscle inflammation, indicated significantly higher value in BPVC, but not in ICE, than CTL groups at 7days after the damage. Furthermore, BKB2 receptor, which relates to acute muscle soreness, indicated a significantly higher expression in BPVC than ICE groups at 3 days after the damage. These results suggest that icing treatment is effective to suppress muscle inflammation and soreness at an early stage of recovery from damage, but not effective for muscle regeneration at a later stage.

著者

下村 吉治

出版者

一般社団法人日本体力医学会

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.62, no.1, pp.16, 2013 (Released:2013-02-14)

参考文献数

8

著者

山地 啓司

出版者

一般社団法人日本体力医学会

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.66, no.3, pp.171-184, 2017-06-01 (Released:2017-05-17)

参考文献数

71

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As the intensity of exercise becomes higher, increases in the oxygen uptake (VO2) and cardiac output (Q) start to level off, and they will enter a steady state. However, the pulmonary ventilation (VE) continues to increase in an exponential manner even after the VO2 and Q level-off. After exercising to extreme fatigue, the oxygen used by the respiratory muscles (VO2) increases to 10 to 16% of the VO2max. In this situation, the respiratory muscles use the oxygen that would have been allocated to the active muscles because the oxygen used for the entire body is already in a steady state. Therefore, overexercising must be discontinued due to a shortage of oxygen for the active muscles (in the legs); amount of O2 debt has reached its limit. Since the total amount of oxygen that can be taken into the body remains constant, the enhancement of the respiratory muscles and their functions (including the respiratory efficiency (VE/VO2)) in advance is expected to improve their endurance. Several previous studies suggested that respiratory muscle training (RMT) enhances the endurance of subjects. Furthermore, recent studies suggested that RMT not only enhances endurance, but also improves the physical elements of significantly intense exercise (including speed, muscle strength, and power) performed for a short period of time. It is necessary to conduct further research to clarify the mechanism of RMT in the improvement of physical performance. RMT is not expected to improve the VO2max, and the following are possible causes of the improvement of performance: improvements in the respiratory muscles and efficiency (VE/VO2), a subsequent decrease in the blood lactate concentration, and subjective respiratory distress and sense of fatigue in the active muscles.

著者

古市 泰郎 井上 菜穂子 増田 和実

出版者

一般社団法人日本体力医学会

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.67, no.4, pp.261-267, 2018-08-01 (Released:2018-07-18)

参考文献数

18

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Carnitine is well recognized for transporting fatty acids across the mitochondrial membrane; however, studies conducted in the last decade have highlighted another role of carnitine in buffering the excess of mitochondrial acetyl-CoA, an intermediate metabolite of beta-oxidation and glycolytic metabolism. Although acetyl-CoA is an essential metabolite, excess accumulation of acetyl-CoA inhibits pyruvate dehydrogenase, resulting in negative regulation of glucose uptake. In this situation, carnitine binds to acetyl-CoA and is converted to acetylcarnitine, resulting in a decrease in acetyl-CoA levels. It has been demonstrated that carnitine acetylation is essential for glucose homeostasis, and that its dysfunction, caused by aging and high-fat feeding, induces metabolic failure. To analyze carnitine dynamics in skeletal muscle, we have used imaging mass spectrometry to visualize the distribution of acetylcarnitine in rodent skeletal muscle and performed tracing experiments using isotopic labeled carnitine. It was shown that carnitine uptake and acetylation were elevated in oxidative muscles, and that they were dynamically controlled by muscle contraction. Recent studies using cell culture experiments demonstrated that acetylcarnitine is exported from skeletal muscle cells. It is hypothesized that muscle carnitine acetylation in skeletal muscle is not only beneficial for buffering the excess acetyl-CoA, but also plays in the endocrine system. In fact, previous work has shown that plasma acetylcarnitine concentration increases during exercise in humans, suggesting that the acetylcarnitine produced during muscle contraction may be released from muscle cells to serve different functions. In this article, we reviewed the novel roles of carnitine in skeletal muscle by analyzing carnitine dynamics.

著者

石井 好二郎 吉川 貴仁

出版者

一般社団法人日本体力医学会

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.65, no.1, pp.146-146, 2016 (Released:2016-01-24)

著者

Kana Konishi Tetsuya Kimura Atsushi Yuhaku Toshiyuki Kurihara Masahiro Fujimoto Takafumi Hamaoka Kiyoshi Sanada

出版者

一般社団法人日本体力医学会

雑誌

The Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine (ISSN:21868131)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.6, no.2, pp.111-117, 2017-03-25 (Released:2017-03-19)

参考文献数

40

被引用文献数

6

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Exercise-induced changes in executive function affect the control of action in a dynamic environment. This study aimed to examine the effect of sustained high-intensity exercise on executive function. Nine healthy male and female participants (age, 21-28 years) completed an exercise session with 65-min treadmill running at 75% VO2max. Executive function was assessed before and after exercise with the Stroop Color and Word Test that included congruent and incongruent conditions. The reaction time and response accuracy of the test were measured, and the task difficulty was controlled by adjusting the stimulus duration so that each participant could maintain at least 80% response accuracy to exclude the effect of a speed–accuracy trade-off. The levels of plasma norepinephrine and adrenocorticotropic hormone were examined. A significant interaction with the reaction time was found (condition × time, P = 0.024), in which the reaction time significantly increased after exercise only in the incongruent condition (P = 0.019). The response accuracy was not significantly different between before and after exercise in both conditions, which indicated that the response accuracy was controlled as intended. The levels of plasma norepinephrine and adrenocorticotropic hormone were significantly increased after exercise (P < 0.05). These results demonstrated that the reaction time in the incongruent condition increased after sustained high-intensity exercise with a cognitive function test with the response accuracy controlled, indicating a decline in executive function. Increased levels of plasma norepinephrine and adrenocorticotropic hormone may contribute, at least in part, to such decline in executive function.

出版者

一般社団法人日本体力医学会

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.64, no.6, pp.718-719, 2015 (Released:2015-12-11)

著者

Yujiro Yamanaka Jim Waterhouse

出版者

一般社団法人日本体力医学会

雑誌

The Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine (ISSN:21868131)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.5, no.4, pp.287-299, 2016-09-25 (Released:2016-10-03)

参考文献数

66

被引用文献数

6

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The human circadian system derives from two distinct circadian oscillators that separately regulate circadian rhythms of body temperature and plasma melatonin, and of the sleep-wake cycle. The oscillator for body temperature and melatonin is the central circadian pacemaker, located in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), and the oscillator for sleep-wake cycle is another oscillator, located in the brain but outside the SCN. Although bright light is a primary zeitgeber for circadian rhythms, non-photic time cues such as a strict sleep schedule and timed physical exercise act as a non-photic zeitgeber for the sleep-wake cycle under dim light conditions, independent on the SCN circadian pacemaker. Recently, timed physical exercise under bright light has been shown to accelerate re-entrainment of circadian rhythms to an advanced sleep schedule. Physical exercise may enhance the phase-shift of circadian rhythm caused by bright light by changing light perception. In the field of sports medicine and exercise science, adjustment of the circadian rhythm is important to enable elite athletes to take a good sleep and enhance exercise performance, especially after inter-continental travel and jet lag.

著者

白井 伊三郎 脇阪 一郎 佐藤 伝 百束 千恵子

出版者

一般社団法人日本体力医学会

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, no.1, pp.6-12, 1963-03-01 (Released:2010-09-30)

参考文献数

8

著者

葛原 憲治 井口 順太 柴田 真志

出版者

一般社団法人日本体力医学会

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.61, no.1, pp.139-145, 2012 (Released:2012-03-14)

参考文献数

23

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Collegiate American football injuries for two year seasons in Japanese Kansai Division I team were analyzed using injury rates (IR) per 1000 athlete-exposures (1000AE: one athlete-exposure was defined as a player participating in one game or one practice.), especially focusing on lower limb injuries. The overall game injury rate (GIR: 38.3) was significantly higher than practice injury rate (PIR: 13.1) (X2=12.355, p < 0.05). The difference between GIR in 2008 season (50.8) and in 2007 season (25.7) was significant (X2=8.235, p < 0.05). The lower extremity injuries approximately occupied 60% of all injuries, especially GIRs of both ankle inversion sprains (3.8) and anterior cruciate ligament (ACL: 3.3) injuries being much higher. PIR in this study was higher than the rates of collegiate American football teams in the U.S.A., especially PIRs of knee ligament injuries (ACL and medial collateral ligament injuries) and ankle sprains (inversion and eversion sprains) being much higher. Regarding the occurrence of injury, GIR with contact in ACL injuries (2.8) and GIR without contact in ankle inversion sprains (2.4) were the highest. It is also necessary to change practice plans and circumstances so that the PIR of knee and ankle injuries could be reduced. Research is needed on injury prevention for knee and ankle injuries in the games and practices.

著者

小林 好信 水上 勝義

出版者

一般社団法人日本体力医学会

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.70, no.6, pp.373-382, 2021-12-01 (Released:2021-11-18)

参考文献数

50

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The purpose of this study is to clarify psychological factors related to recovery from sports injuries in judo and track and field. A questionnaire survey was conducted with male and female university judo players (n=944) and track and field athletes (n=645), who were identified using the snowball sampling. The questionnaire included the following items; the state of sports injuries, individual traits, coping resources, health related issues, stress responses and emotional supports. The questionnaire was conducted twice within a one year interval. Responses of participants with sports injuries were analyzed in the first survey (judo: n=190, track and field: n=111). Psychological factors in the recovery group and the non-recovery group were compared between the first and second survey and between groups by a two-way repeated measures ANOVA. In judo, there was a main effect between the groups of interpersonal dependency, stress responses “irritability-anger” and health management confidence (p< .05). In addition, there was an interaction effect between acquired resilience and emotional support from coaches (p< .05). In track and field, there was a main effect between the groups of stress responses “depression-anxiety” and “helplessness”, and between the time point of interpersonal dependency (p< .05). The results of this study suggested that while there were similarities in psychological factors between judo and track and field, the effects differed based on the type of sport, and that measures appropriate to the type of sport were required for psychological support when returning to the sport.

著者

片山 憲史 田中 忠蔵 西川 弘恭 平澤 泰介

出版者

一般社団法人日本体力医学会

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.43, no.4, pp.309-317, 1994-08-01 (Released:2010-09-30)

参考文献数

17

被引用文献数

1

著者

八田 早那子 藤江 衣織 東郷 将成 柴田 啓介 木村 宣哉 瀧澤 一騎 神林 勲 山口 太一

出版者

一般社団法人日本体力医学会

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.70, no.4, pp.247-256, 2021-08-01 (Released:2021-07-15)

参考文献数

22

被引用文献数

1

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The purpose of this study was to compare effects of different amounts of carbohydrate (CHO) in beverage on plasma glucose (GLU) concentration during exercise after feeding breakfast. Seven healthy Japanese male subjects performed 30-min cycling at an intensity on the 75% of maximal load at 3-h after feeding breakfast under 3 types of CHO (0 g, 30 g and 150 g) beverage conditions. The subjects ingested 500 mL of beverage dissolved each amount of glucose at 30-min before the exercise. The GLU concentrations were measured at 35- and 10-min before the exercise and every 5-min during the exercise. The minimum GLU concentrations under the 30 g condition for all subjects were lower than a criterion for hypoglycemic (72 mg / dL). The mean value also fell below the criterion at from 10- to 20-min during exercise. The minimum GLU concentration under the 150 g condition of only one subject was lower than the criterion, but the mean value did not fall below the criterion. Significant negative correlations were found between the subjects’ maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) and the decreases in GLU concentration from maximum to minimum under both the 30 g (r = -0.947, p < 0.01) and 150 g conditions (r = -0.884, p < 0.01). This study clarified that feeding breakfast at 3-h before the exercise followed by the 30 g CHO beverage ingestion at 30 min before the exercise induced exercise-induced hypoglycemia, and that the subjects with higher VO2max had the greater decreases in GLU concentration.

著者

西井 匠 鋤柄 悦子 阿部 竜二 高石 鉄雄

出版者

一般社団法人日本体力医学会

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.61, no.2, pp.251-258, 2012 (Released:2012-04-28)

参考文献数

35

被引用文献数

1 1

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The purpose of this study was to reveal physiological conditions of commuter cyclist from the standpoint of multiple approaches. Ten male employees (37 ± 9 yr) who usually commute by bicycle participated in this study. Global Positioning System (GPS) was used to analyze their commuting route three-dimensionally. And heart rate was recorded simultaneously to determine their exercise intensity. Blood test, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), and maximal aerobic test was conducted in our laboratory. Semantic differential method (SD) questionnaire was conducted to clarify their feelings during and after their commute. The results of blood test and OGTT showed that all of determined values were good and no one exceeded the standard value. GPS log showed that subjects covered 13.3 ± 7.2 km and 40 ± 20 minute with integrating 201 ± 114 meter altitude gain per commute. Heart rate data showed 129 ± 12 bpm per commute. However, subjects demonstrated higher peak heart rate during their commute ranged between 157 and 181 bpm, we determined details by frequency distribution method. The data revealed that commuter cycling was consisted by aerobic exercise with intermittent vigorous intensity exercise. Despite of such a hard exercise cycling to work, the result of SD questionnaire indicated that subjects felt briskness with less tiredness when they commute. Commuter cycling with a higher than moderate exercise intensity, could have good physical and mental effects for employees.

著者

松尾 知明

出版者

一般社団法人日本体力医学会

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.71, no.1, pp.73, 2022 (Released:2022-01-14)

著者

藤田 聡

出版者

一般社団法人日本体力医学会

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.66, no.1, pp.11, 2017 (Released:2017-01-21)