著者

宮代 こずゑ 宗形 あかり

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

日本心理学会大会発表論文集 日本心理学会第83回大会 (ISSN:24337609)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.1D-063, 2019-09-11 (Released:2020-09-26)

著者

喜入 暁 久保田 はる美 新岡 陽光 越智 啓太

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.87, no.6, pp.633-643, 2017 (Released:2017-02-25)

参考文献数

21

被引用文献数

1

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It is reported that there are no victim-offender relationships in serial homicides, so offender profiling is useful for resolution of serial homicide cases. The present study aimed to describe characteristics of serial homicide offenders as a part of offender profiling and compare characteristics of serial homicide with those of single homicide offenders. We found that serial homicide characteristics were divided into 3 types (Destruction, Mission, and Antisocial). On the other hand, single homicide characteristics were divided into 4 types, which included Domestic in addition to the 3 types mentioned above. Overall, serial homicide offenders try to avoid detection of their murders compared to single homicide offenders. However, there was not much difference between the patterns of serial homicides and those of single homicides. Therefore, we conclude that there are few qualitative differences between serial and single homicide offenders.

著者

伊藤 裕子 相良 順子 池田 政子

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.75, no.5, pp.435-441, 2004

被引用文献数

3 5

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This research investigated mental health of marreed people in relation to their marital relationship, occupational life, and household income. A questionnaire was administered to husbands and wives, either in middle age or child-rearing years, to measure their degree of satisfaction in marital relationship, occupational life, household income, and subjective well-being. Results showed that satisfaction in workplace for men, and additionally satisfaction in marital relationship of men in child-rearing years, strongly predicted their subjective well-being. As for women, however, the strong association with subjective well-being was found for satisfaction in marital relationship, for those who were unemployed or employed part-time. The association was strongest for those who were in child-rearing years. Satisfaction in workplace was as important as satisfaction in marital relationship for women who were employed full-time. These findings suggested that satisfaction gained from what a person concentrated most of his/her energy on, explained his/her subjective well-being very well.

著者

今井 さやか 大川 一郎

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.91, no.2, pp.83-93, 2020 (Released:2020-06-25)

参考文献数

33

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This study aims to clarify the function of cram schools’ counseling support for students and parents from the cram schools’ perspective and to investigate the relationship between providing counseling support and variations in cram school teachers’ job satisfaction and exhaustion. Survey participants consisted of 440 cram school teachers. Exploratory factor analysis revealed that counseling support was divided into 3 functions: (a) providing care and support for students; (b) facilitating students’ communication with their parents; and (c) being empathetic towards parents. Furthermore, satisfaction was classified into impact on students and self-sufficiency, while exhaustion was classified into being busy and patient and failure to respond to student needs. Structured equation modeling found that cram school teachers who were satisfied with their impact on students provided more of the 3 types of counseling support mentioned above. In addition, cram school teachers who were exhausted by the failure to respond to student needs provided more care and support for students.

著者

島田 一男

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, no.2, pp.111-123, 1952 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

61

被引用文献数

4

著者

鈴木 文子 池上 知子

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.91.18052, (Released:2020-09-15)

参考文献数

22

被引用文献数

1

---

Previous studies have indicated that heterosexuals who had faced their close friends’ coming out tend to have a more positive attitude toward homosexuals in general but have decreased interactions with their close homosexual friends. We investigated why such a difference between heterosexual attitudes toward homosexuals in general and toward their close homosexual friends emerges after their friends came out. We conducted two imaginary vignette studies with Japanese undergraduates. Results from Study 1 (N = 186) revealed that both male and female heterosexuals with high gender self-esteem positively changed their attitudes toward homosexuals in general after their friends came out. Results from Study 2 (N = 147) revealed that social contagion concerns served as a significant predictor for avoidance responses to their friends who came out. However, such links between social contagion concerns and avoidance behaviors observed in heterosexuals were moderated by gender self-esteem. Heterosexual males’ gender self-esteem promoted the relations, but heterosexual females’ gender self-esteem mitigated the relations. The role of gender self-esteem in the context of coming out is discussed beyond the traditional and narrow-sense sex-role perspectives.

著者

青木 誠四郎

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理研究 (ISSN:18841066)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, no.133, pp.30-35, 1923-01-01 (Released:2010-07-16)

著者

今井 さやか 大川 一郎

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.91.18066, (Released:2020-03-10)

参考文献数

33

---

This study aims to clarify the function of cram schools’ counseling support for students and parents from the cram schools’ perspective and to investigate the relationship between providing counseling support and variations in cram school teachers’ job satisfaction and exhaustion. Survey participants consisted of 440 cram school teachers. Exploratory factor analysis revealed that counseling support was divided into 3 functions: (a) providing care and support for students; (b) facilitating students’ communication with their parents; and (c) being empathetic towards parents. Furthermore, satisfaction was classified into impact on students and self-sufficiency, while exhaustion was classified into being busy and patient and failure to respond to student needs. Structured equation modeling found that cram school teachers who were satisfied with their impact on students provided more of the 3 types of counseling support mentioned above. In addition, cram school teachers who were exhausted by the failure to respond to student needs provided more care and support for students.

著者

伊川 美保 楠見 孝

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.91.18238, (Released:2020-03-10)

参考文献数

38

被引用文献数

1

---

A Japanese version of the Self-efficacy for Statistical Literacy Scale was developed. In a preliminary study with college students (N = 110), a Japanese translation was developed based on the English version of this scale. In Study 1, the resulting Japanese version was verified in terms of validity and reliability with high school and college students (N = 275). Results from Study 1 showed that self-efficacy for statistical literacy is positively correlated with subjective numeracy and critical thinking disposition. The mathematical score positively predicted self-efficacy for statistical literacy. In Study 2, we considered the extent to which self-efficacy for statistical literacy would change between before and after statistics education among high school students (N = 167). Results from Study 2 suggested that self-efficacy for statistical literacy is enhanced by statistics education. Free-text descriptions provided by the participants revealed that they could accurately interpret numerical values and had higher interest in the study of psychology and their future career options. Potential contributions to education and study limitations are discussed.

著者

残華 雅子 青山 謙二郎

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.90.19302, (Released:2020-01-20)

参考文献数

13

被引用文献数

1

---

This study investigated whether children’s receptiveness to testimony from previously inaccurate informants reflected their pursuit of social goals (e.g., maintaining positive relationships). In a sticker-finding task, the experimenter hid a sticker in a box outside the children’s view and asserted that the sticker was in a different box opposite the one where it was hidden. The children were observed in order to ascertain which box they examined first for eighth trials. For the control group, the experimenter was present in front of the children while they were seeking the box in all eight trials. For the experimental group, the experimenter was absent in the fifth and eight trials while the children were seeking, but was present in the remaining trials. In the results, girls in the experimental group were less likely to act on testimony when the experimenter was absent than when the experimenter was present. The boys' performances did not differ whether the experimenter was present or absent. The results suggested social goals were in play for the girls' receptiveness to inaccurate testimony.

著者

小森 政嗣

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

日本心理学会大会発表論文集 日本心理学会第72回大会 (ISSN:24337609)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.3PM112, 2008-09-19 (Released:2018-09-29)

著者

玉井 颯一 五十嵐 祐

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.90, no.2, pp.187-193, 2019 (Released:2019-06-27)

参考文献数

31

---

Ostracism is a contradicted social action because it has been widely adopted as a legal sanction but is also considered to be excessive enforcement. In the present study, we conducted a scenario-based experiment to examine the psychological process underlying the endorsement of ostracism in school settings. We focused on three general rationales to justify the sanction: a general prevention to protect public welfare (utilitarianism); a counter to deviance from social norms (retributivism); and a type of education to rehabilitate a perpetrator (moral education). The results showed that utilitarianism was more effective in justifying ostracism than retributivism or moral education. Further, preferences towards ostracism based in utilitarianism were less susceptible to influence from others. These findings indicate people’s general preference for the protection of public welfare over the segregation of wrongdoers.

著者

高木 佐保 齋藤 慈子 黒島 妃香 藤田 和生

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

日本心理学会大会発表論文集 日本心理学会第82回大会 (ISSN:24337609)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.3AM-068, 2018-09-25 (Released:2019-07-19)

著者

溝川 藍 子安 増生

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.90.18055, (Released:2019-11-15)

参考文献数

30

被引用文献数

2

---

We examined how foreign experiences and critical thinking disposition influence moral and legal consciousness. Participants (N = 725) answered a questionnaire that measured their moral and legal consciousness (to what extent they permit various immoral/illegal behaviors, whether they intervene for a person behaving immorally/illegally, and to what extent they think various immoral/illegal behaviors are permitted in the Japanese society), levels of critical thinking disposition, and their foreign experiences (living abroad, traveling abroad, having foreign friends, and using foreign languages daily). The results showed that weak critical thinking dispositions were positively related to tolerating various immoral/illegal behaviors, not intervening for persons behaving immorally/illegally, and tolerating illegal behaviors in the context of Japanese society. Although no effects were found for three dimensions of foreign experiences, daily use of foreign language was associated with tolerability of illegal behaviors, especially in the group that had weak critical thinking dispositions. The results suggest that having a strong critical thinking disposition leads to having a relatively rigid moral and legal consciousness, and that for people that have weak critical thinking dispositions, daily foreign experiences can strengthen permissive attitudes toward illegal behaviors.

著者

和田 裕一

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.90.18030, (Released:2019-09-20)

参考文献数

23

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When reading narrative stories, readers monitor discontinuity of characters, space, time, goals, and causality of events and update their situation models. This study examined how illustrations of narratives influence readers’ ability to monitor story events using a verb-clustering task in which readers were asked to group verbs from a narrative into related pairings. Results showed that readers who read a text-only narrative paired verbs that were continuous in both the character and time dimensions. In contrast, readers who read a narrative with illustrations paired verbs that were continuous not only in the character and time dimensions but also in the causality dimension. These findings suggest that illustrations of narratives function to enrich the contents of situation models. Furthermore, an additional experiment showed that positioning of illustrations within the text impacted the situation model construction. Therefore, the utility of illustrations for promoting the construction of situation models and efficient comprehension of a narrative story are discussed.

著者

藤田 和生 樋口 義治

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.56, no.1, pp.48-51, 1985-04-30 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

12

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Diffusion process of word-processing behavior of those staff members of an research institute during the period of four years after its introduction in 1979 was investigated. Data were collected in a personal interview with 88 staff members of the institute aged between 22 and 58 years old. Major findings were as follows: (1) the percentage of newly acquired users to non-users in each year increased as years, showing the acceleration in the speed of diffusion, (2) the percentages of users tended to be higher in younger persons than in older persons, and (3) the transmission of the behavior frequently occurred between persons of the similar age (2-7 years different), and between persons of the same group (same department or same profession). The latter two findings were analogous to those obtained in the previous study of diffusion processes of new behaviors of Japanese monkeys by the Japanese etholoists.

著者

喜入 暁 久保田 はる美 新岡 陽光 越智 啓太

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.87.15228, (Released:2017-01-14)

参考文献数

21

被引用文献数

1

---

It is reported that there are no victim-offender relationships in serial homicides, so offender profiling is useful for resolution of serial homicide cases. The present study aimed to describe characteristics of serial homicide offenders as a part of offender profiling and compare characteristics of serial homicide with those of single homicide offenders. We found that serial homicide characteristics were divided into 3 types (Destruction, Mission, and Antisocial). On the other hand, single homicide characteristics were divided into 4 types, which included Domestic in addition to the 3 types mentioned above. Overall, serial homicide offenders try to avoid detection of their murders compared to single homicide offenders. However, there was not much difference between the patterns of serial homicides and those of single homicides. Therefore, we conclude that there are few qualitative differences between serial and single homicide offenders.

著者

髙野 陽太郎 伊藤 言

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.86.14331, (Released:2015-11-10)

参考文献数

42

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Volpi (2004) pointed out that Alessandro Valignano, a 16th century Christian missionary, had considered the Japanese extreme collectivists. According to Volpi, his remark was based on Valignano’s reports (1583, 1592) edited by Alvares-Taladriz (1954). However, it is highly questionable whether Volpi examined these texts directly because the information about them provided by Volpi involved many serious errors. A thorough inspection of Valignano’s translated reports found no mention of Japanese collectivism. On the contrary, he had actually reported exceedingly individualistic behaviors of Japanese warriors. Such behaviors are consistent with what is widely known about the 16th century Civil Wars in Japan. It has thus turned out that no reliable evidence is present for the alleged observation by Valignano.

著者

田戸岡 好香 樋口 収 唐沢 かおり

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.89.16039, (Released:2018-03-10)

参考文献数

26

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This study investigated the consequences of suppressing negative thoughts about the food products. Consumers are still concerned about food safety after the Great East Japan Earthquake. Given that attempting to suppress stereotypical thoughts ironically leads to increased stereotype accessibility and use (rebound effect), this may be one of the reasons for continued concern. Participants were asked to describe their impressions about food coming from the disaster area. Half were instructed to suppress any negative impressions in their descriptions, whereas the other half did not receive this instruction. Participants then rated another food product from the same area. The results indicated that among participants with a low perceived vulnerability to disease, the group that was asked to suppress any negative thoughts rated the food more negatively than participants in the control group. However, among participants with a high perceived vulnerability to disease, there was no difference between the two groups because their negative impressions were likely readily accessible. We discuss the necessity of investigating a resolution for reputational damage in terms of suppression.

著者

笹川 果央理 中山 真孝 内田 由紀子 竹村 幸祐

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.88.15066, (Released:2017-11-10)

参考文献数

31

被引用文献数

2

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This study investigated the personality of employees on medical leave due to mental health disorders. Focusing on Contingencies of self-worth (CSW) as a metric of personality, we examined whether the CSW of employees on medical leave due to mental health disorders matched the perceived values of their workplace, in comparison with that of employees at work. We also examined the change of CSW before and after medical leave. Thirty-six employees on medical leave and 133 employees at work participated in this survey study. The results showed that three types of CSW (CSW for being superior, for having positive evaluation from others, for having autonomy) were higher in employees on medical leave than in employees at work. We also showed that there was a large difference between each type of CSW of employees on medical leave and the perceived values of their workplace and that all three types of CSW decreased after medical leave.