著者

金児 恵

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.77, no.1, pp.1-9, 2006-04-25 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

27

被引用文献数

10 4

---

A multi-method approach was used to examine whether and how companion animals (CA) affect subjective well-being and social networks of Japanese people. In Study 1, a mail survey with a probability sample of 1250 Japanese adults over 40 years old showed that (1) female owners' attachment to CA negatively correlated with subjective well-being, and (2), although younger (under 65) CA owners had more close friends than non-owners, this tendency was reversed for those over 65. In Study 2, in-depth interviews with 27 adults showed that (1) female CA owners reported lower subjective well-being than non-owners, (2) although CA owners were generally successful in interacting with strangers through CA-related behaviors such as dog-walking, those relationships were unlikely to become close, and (3) in contrast to the owners' tendency to portray themselves in positive ways, most non-owners described CA owners negatively, such as being lonely or bad-mannered. Based on the present findings, which sharply contradict those of previous studies in the western societies, future issues are discussed.

著者

石原 金由 宮下 彰夫 犬上 牧 福田 一彦 山崎 勝男 宮田 洋

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.57, no.2, pp.87-91, 1986-06-30 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

9

被引用文献数

55 78

---

Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) developed by Home & Östberg (1976) was translated into Japanese, and then, MEQ and Life Habits Inventory were administered to approximately 1500 university students. The distribution of MEQ scores was essentially normal, and the reliability of this questionnaire was high (γα=.702). Comparing among the morning, evening, and intermediate types, it was found that the morning type retired and arose significantly earlier than other types, although there was no significant differences in sleep length. Furthermore, there were significant differences between the morning and evening types in sleep latency, mood on arising, adequate amount of sleep, frequency and duration of nap, and number of staying awake all night per month. These results suggested that the evening type had more irregular sleep-waking habits than the morning type. Since the above results were obtained only from student population, further investigation on various populations is requested.

著者

布井 雅人 吉川 左紀子

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.87.15043, (Released:2016-05-10)

参考文献数

16

---

Our preferences are influenced by the presence of others. However, it is unclear how the simultaneous presence of multiple others influences preference judgment. In this study, we presented multiple happy or disgust face images around a target and examined their influence on target preference. In Experiment 1, we presented only happy or disgust faces in order to examine the influence of quantity. In Experiment 2 and 3, we manipulated the ratio of happy or disgust and neutral faces. Findings revealed that the happy face increased the target preference and its effect varied by the ratio of happy faces. On the other hand, the disgust face decreased the target preference only if there was one such face. These results indicate that although the numeric information of others’ facial expressions influences preference judgment, this influence differs with the nature of others’ expressions.

著者

鈴木 淳子

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.75, no.2, pp.160-172, 2004-06-25 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

118

被引用文献数

1 1

---

A review of the cross-cultural research on gender in psychology since 1990 reveals (1) conceptual confusion of the definitions of sex, gender, man, and woman; (2) diversification, refinement, reification, and a problem-solving orientation in the research topics; and (3) the possibility of the elucidation of the psychological sex-difference mechanism in relation to the biological sex differences. A comparison of 1990 and 2000 cross-cultural psychological articles published in “Sex Roles” found that overall, the research is Western-centered and some methodological problems remain to be solved concerning the measures and the sampling. These findings lead to the following suggestions for cross-cultural research on gender to resolve the problems and contribute to the development of psychology in general: (1) use of an operational definition for conceptual equivalence; (2) conducting more etic-approach research; (3) avoiding ethnocentric or androcentric research attitudes; (4) use of a theoretical framework; (5) strict examination of methodologies; and (6) examination of the specific context of participants in terms of cultural diversity, dynamics of husband-wife relationships, and relationships with husbands and fathers.

著者

佐藤 德

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.85.13055, (Released:2014-07-01)

参考文献数

30

被引用文献数

1 2

---

Previous studies demonstrated that participants in left-to-right writing cultures showed a strong preference to associate the past with left space and the future with right space. The present studies investigated whether these spatial associations involved body-part-centered or extracorporal space. In Experiment 1, participants categorized words as referring to the past or the future by pressing button on the left with the left hand or a button on the right with the right hand. In Experiments 2 and 3, participants crossed their hands and were instructed to categorize words by pressing the left or right buttons (Experiment 2) or by moving their left or right hand (Experiment 3). Irrespective of the relative spatial positions of the response buttons, past words were more quickly categorized with the left hand and future words with the right hand. In addition, reaction times were slower in Experiment 2 than in Experiment 1, whereas there was no significant difference between Experiments 1 and 3. These results suggest that temporal concepts such as past and future are more strongly associated with embodied space than visual space.

著者

宮岡 徹

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

日本心理学会大会発表論文集 日本心理学会第77回大会 (ISSN:24337609)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.1AM-123, 2013-09-19 (Released:2020-12-14)

著者

金政 祐司 荒井 崇史 島田 貴仁 石田 仁 山本 功

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.89, no.2, pp.160-170, 2018 (Released:2018-06-25)

参考文献数

25

被引用文献数

1 3

---

This study aimed to reveal the risk factors for a person to perpetrate stalking-like behaviors following the end of a romantic relationship based on personality traits (attachment anxiety and narcissism), the characteristics of a romantic relationship before a breakup, and the emotions and thoughts of a person after a breakup. To develop two scales measuring the characteristics of a romantic relationship before a breakup and the emotions and thoughts of a person after a breakup, a web-based survey of 189 females and 165 males was conducted in Study 1. In Study 2, a national survey was conducted using two-stage stratified sampling; 106 females and 110 males who experienced the end of a romantic relationship during the past five years and did not initiate their most recent breakup were analyzed. The results of a multiple-group analysis revealed that both attachment anxiety and feelings that a partner was his/her “one and only” increased egoistic preoccupations after a breakup, and the egoistic preoccupations predicted the perpetration of stalking-like behaviors in both males and females.

著者

川上 直秋 永井 聖剛

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.88.16057, (Released:2017-11-10)

参考文献数

43

---

It is well known that cognitive fluency affects various attitudes. We demonstrated that a subjective feeling of fluency, induced by repeated exposure to handwritten words, increases the acceptance of persuasive messages. Participants were repeatedly exposed to a set of handwritten words written in Japanese. In a subsequent test phase, they were required to rate the handwritten messages. The results showed that when the personal relevance of the messages was low, repeated exposure facilitated acceptance of messages written by the same person who had written the previously exposed words. This observation implies that we might make irrational decisions according to the ease with which the message can be processed, rather than according to the validity of message content.

著者

山岡 明奈 湯川 進太郎

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.87, no.5, pp.506-512, 2016 (Released:2016-12-25)

参考文献数

26

被引用文献数

9 11

---

An “incubation period” refers to an individual’s temporary shift away from an unsolved problem, which ultimately facilitates better problem solving. In this study, we experimentally examined whether creative problem solving was facilitated in accordance with the frequency of mind-wandering during an incubation period. Fifty-nine Japanese undergraduate participants (23 men and 36 women) were asked to complete the Unusual Uses Test (UUT) twice; the UUT is a traditional measurement of the various aspects of divergent thinking (including fluency, flexibility, and originality). They were also asked to rate the frequency in which they engaged in mind-wandering during the interval between UUTs, which was considered as the incubation period. The results indicated that participants who reported a higher frequency of mind-wandering during incubation exhibited more creative solutions on the UUT, especially in terms of flexibility and originality, than did those reporting a lower frequency of mind-wandering.

著者

田村 典久 田中 秀樹 駒田 陽子 成澤 元 井上 雄一

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.90.18045, (Released:2019-07-10)

参考文献数

43

被引用文献数

3 3

---

This cross-sectional study was conducted to assess sleep habits between students with/without a discrepancy of ≥2 hrs in wake-up time (WUT) on school days and free days, and to determine whether the discrepancy is associated with daytime sleepiness, lowered mental/physical health and poor academic performance. A total of 4,392 students in 13 junior high schools completed a self-administered questionnaire including demographic information, sleep-wake patterns, daytime sleepiness, irritability and academic performance. We classified the students into two groups: those with/without a discrepancy between school day and free day WUT. The discrepancy prevalence was 38.4%. More students with the discrepancy skipped breakfast and did not attend a school club activity compared to those without the discrepancy. They also went to bed 22 min later and slept 21 min less on school days than those without the discrepancy. In a generalized linear mixed model, the discrepancy was associated with daytime sleepiness, irritability and poor academic performance. The WUT discrepancy of ≥2 hrs with a delayed circadian rhythm can be associated with lower mental/physical health and poor academic performance among adolescents.

著者

米田 英嗣 仁平 義明 楠見 孝

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.75, no.6, pp.479-486, 2005-02-25 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

15

被引用文献数

10 7

---

This study examined the cross-domain, anticipatory, and self-referential roles of affect (Miall, 1989) in reading short mystery novels. In Experiment 1, undergraduate students either read an entire story once or read the same story twice. During the first reading, these participants read only the first part of the story, and during the second reading, they read the entire story. They rated the importance of each sentence. Then they either described a prediction or their impression of the story. Finally, they created a title. In Experiment 2, the first group rated the importance of each sentence. The second group rated the feelings of understanding: forefeel, empathy, and a sense of strangeness. The results of both experiments showed that the relative importance of sentences shifted between first reading and second reading. As they read the end of the story, empathy increased but a sense of strangeness decreased. The results of description showed that the readers updated their interpretations in order to understand the story correctly.

著者

中尾 達馬

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.92.20320, (Released:2021-06-30)

参考文献数

25

被引用文献数

4

---

This study, using both the cross-lagged and synchronous effects models, examined the temporal and causal relationships between attachment and other critical psychological variables (loneliness, mental health) in university students under the restrictive conditions of campus activities due to COVID-19. The participants of the analysis were 150 university students (88 males, 62 females) who responded to two web surveys three months apart: one in early May 2020 and the other in late July or early August 2020. The main findings were: (a) AIC and BIC indicated that the cross-lagged effects model fit the data better than the synchronous effects model; (b) attachment anxiety had a negative cross-lagged effect on mental health three months later; and (c) loneliness had a positive cross-lagged effect on attachment avoidance three months later. This study’s academic contribution was to extend the previous findings about the interrelationships over time in a potentially attachment-related threat situation, the COVID-19 pandemic, and to clarify whether attachment influences loneliness and mental health in this situation or vice versa.

著者

鄧 科 津田 彰 仁位 百雲子 山廣 知美 入江 正洋

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

日本心理学会大会発表論文集 日本心理学会第81回大会 (ISSN:24337609)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.3C-094, 2017-09-20 (Released:2020-03-27)

著者

豊田 秀樹 福中 公輔 尾崎 幸謙 川端 一光

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.78, no.4, pp.416-423, 2007-10-25 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

15

被引用文献数

2

---

This research develops a new method for analyzing relation for factors which combines graphical modeling (GM) and factor analysis. In this method, estimation of the inverse of the variance-covariance matrix is done in the framework of factor analysis, and then the data-model fit is investigated using GM. The partial correlation coefficients of the estimated model are calculated, and the estimation of parameters is repeated until discovery of the worst fit index. In order to confirm the effectiveness of this method, three correlation matrices were analyzed as a real data study. In first and second case, intelligence models of Harman and Turstone were restructured using this method. In third case, EQ model was structured using it. The results show that this method can be apply GM for latent variables and a good assistant to set up path models for factors.

著者

二瀬 由理 行場 次朗

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.67, no.3, pp.227-231, 1996-08-26 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

9

被引用文献数

8 8

---

It is a well-known observation that when a Kanji character is viewed steadily and continuously, the viewer often becomes unable to recognize the Kanji as a whole pattern and it becomes difficult to judge whether or not the Kanji is orthographically correct. Such a phenomenon is called the “Gestaltzerfall” of Kanji characters. In the present study, two experiments were carried out to examine delays in the recognition of test Kanji following 25 s of prolonged viewing of adaptation Kanji, which were comprised of either the same or different parts and structures. When the size of the adaptation Kanji was equal to that of the test Kanji, there were significant delays of more than 50 ms, both when the stimuli were of the same pattern, and when they had the same structure but different components. However, when their sizes were different, delays were found only when the test and the adaptation Kanji were of the same pattern. These results suggest that a Kanji pattern may be internally represented as a whole, independent of its size, while the processing of Kanji structure may be dependent upon its size. Prolonged viewing may produce an adaptation effect specific to such representations.

著者

永井 暁行

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.92.20322, (Released:2021-06-30)

参考文献数

14

被引用文献数

1

---

In the first semester of the 2020 academic year, many universities and junior colleges in Japan were affected by COVID-19 and had to switch to non-in-person classes. This study explored active learning attitudes in online classes. The survey was conducted in two sessions (late June and mid-August). Participants (489 undergraduate and junior college students) completed a questionnaire and the results showed that students’ attitudes toward active learning and preference for online learning did not dramatically change during this period. In order to obtain insights into the changes in attitudes toward active learning, the present study used a multiple-population analysis to examine the relationship between attitude and an item related to preferences for online learning. The results showed that there was a positive association between preferences for online learning and active learning among first-year students, but not among second-year students and above. The influence of online learning needs to be considered particularly as regards first-year students.

著者

山岡 重行

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

日本心理学会大会発表論文集

巻号頁・発行日

vol.82, pp.1PM-023-1PM-023, 2018

著者

有光 興記

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.85, no.1, pp.50-59, 2014-04-25 (Released:2014-04-15)

参考文献数

31

被引用文献数

38 65

---

A Japanese version of the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS-J) was developed. In Survey 1, confirmatory factor analysis of data from participants indicated that the SCS-J had an acceptable fit to the model, as well as good internal consistency, similar to the original. In Survey 2, a test–retest correlation of the SCS-J for 101 participants indicated good reliability for the scale. In Survey 3, 148 participants completed the SCS-J and the Narcissistic Personality Inventory, the Subjective Happiness Scale, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-Trait form, and the Beck Depression Inventory. The partial correlations between the SCS-J and the other scales were analyzed, using self-esteem, or self-criticism as the control variables. The results demonstrated that self-compassion was associated with self-esteem and the mental health of the Japanese participants. These results indicate that the SCS-J has good reliability and validity as a measure of self-compassion.

著者

及川 晴 及川 昌典

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.81, no.4, pp.420-425, 2010 (Released:2011-04-20)

参考文献数

9

被引用文献数

5 10

---

Calling attention to potential risks does not always lead to preventative actions. To investigate changes in cognitive, emotional, and behavioral responses towards potential risks, longitudinal studies targeting nonclinical samples of undergraduate students were conducted at 4 time points (April, May, June, and July 2009) during the outbreak of swine flu in 2009, which eventually developed in to a global pandemic. During the course of the study, the risk of swine flu infection for the seventy-nine participants became more and more self-relevant as the situation developed in the news and as their university was temporarily closed off. The results indicate that despite increasing knowledge about the swine flu, the level of anxiety showed steady decrease as the time went by. Similarly, despite the expanding infection around the globe, the level of preventative behavior remained low. Moreover, participants reported perceiving their own risk to be significantly lower than that of average undergraduate students at all time points. These findings indicate that even when potential risks are clearly communicated, too much information, saturated emotions, and optimistic bias may obstruct people from taking appropriate preventative actions.

著者

ターン 有加里 ジェシカ 橋本 剛明 シュミット マンフレッド 唐沢 かおり

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.90.18234, (Released:2019-09-20)

参考文献数

38

被引用文献数

4

---

People differ in how sensitive they are to justice or injustice, how easily they ruminate on injustice, and how strongly they feel justice-related emotions such as anger and guilt. This individual difference can be measured by the Justice Sensitivity Inventory (JSI; Schmitt et al., 2010), which is divided into four components: sensitivity to becoming a victim of injustice, sensitivity to observing injustice, sensitivity to passively benefiting from injustice, and sensitivity to actively committing injustice. Each sensitivity has a different effect on various aspects of human behavior (e.g., cooperation) as well as mental and physical health. JSI is available in German, English, Chinese, and many other languages, but not in Japanese. This study (n = 453) aimed to develop a Japanese version of JSI (JSI-J) and a short version of it, examining their reliability and validity. They were confirmed to be reliable and valid, except for some items. An effective usage of JSI-J and its short version will be discussed.