著者

渡邉 和美

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

日本心理学会大会発表論文集 日本心理学会第74回大会 (ISSN:24337609)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.3PM145, 2010-09-20 (Released:2018-12-22)

著者

言語条件づけ研究会

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.6, pp.319-334, 1969-02-10 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

125

被引用文献数

1

著者

言語条件づけ研究会

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.5, pp.266-277, 1968-12-10 (Released:2010-07-16)

被引用文献数

1

著者

宗像 愛 礒部 智加衣

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

日本心理学会大会発表論文集

巻号頁・発行日

vol.82, pp.3AM-013-3AM-013, 2018

著者

池田 央

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.35, no.4, pp.194-203, 1964 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

10

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1. Vector analysis has been widely used in such fields as factor analysis, regression analysis, and the analysis of variance. It is also applicable to the field of test theory.2. Let the transpose of an N-column vector XT={X1, X2, …Xi, …XN}T whose i-th element is the score of the i-th person on the test under consideration.By assuming that the mean of test scores for N persons is zero and by adjusting the unit of the vector, we can obtain the following relations: 1) The length of the vector is equal to the standard deviation of the test scores. 2) The cosine of the angle between two test vectors is equal to the correlation between the two sets of test scores. (See Fig. 1 on Top Page 2.)3. The classical test theory starts from the following assumption and definition in terms of vector algebra: 1) A test vector X may be divided into two orthogonal components, X=T+E and TT·E=0. (See Fig. 4 on Top Page 3.) 2) Two test vectors, X1 and X2, having such characteristics among components that T1=T2, E1T·E2=T1T·E2=E1T·T2=0, and √E1T·E1=√E2T·E2 are called parallel test vectors in a sense that their true components are parallel. (See Fig. 5 and 6 on Top Page 3.)Almost all the basic theorems given in the first nine chapters of Gulliksen's book, “Theory of Mental Tests (1950, Wiley)”, can be derived from the above assumptions without any complicated calculation.4. For example, the reliability coefficient of a test is the square of the cosine of the angle between the test vector X and its true component T. This is equal to the cosine of the angle between two vectors of parallel tests, X1 and X2. (See Fig. 4 on Top Page 3.)5. Spearman-Brown's prophecy formula is considered as the square of the cosine of the angle between the vector sum of parallel tests and the vector sum of their true components. (See Fig. 8 on Top Page 5.)6. The validity coefficient between a test vector X and its criterion vector Y is defined as the cosine of the angle between X and Y. The formula for “Correction for Attenuation” is obtained by calculating the cosine of the angle between the true component of the test vector and that of the criterion vector. (See Fig. 9 on Top Page 7.)7. Errors of measurement, substitution and prediction, pointed out by Gulliksen (1950, Chapter 4), are also interpretable by the concept of vector geometry. (See Fig. 7 on Top Page 5.)8. The use of vector method has at least two advantages; the first is the algebraic aspect which facilitates the solution of complex problems by the use of simple rules of vector operation, and the second is the geometric aspect which helps us in an intuitive understanding of the nature of problems by the use of geometric figures.

著者

天井 響子

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.92.19233, (Released:2021-03-31)

参考文献数

40

被引用文献数

2

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This research examined the influence of expectation on the association between emotional-support-seeking behavior and support evaluation in adolescence. In Study 1, 500 secondary-school students completed an anonymous survey, and five emotional-support expectations; acceptance-, reinterpretation-, justification-, optimism-, and distraction-expectation were detected for developing the emotional-support-expectation scale. The sample of Study 2 consisted of 1,007 secondary-school students who completed an anonymous survey that asked their stressor in the past month, support-seeking behaviors, emotional-support expectations, and support evaluation. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis indicated that frequent emotional-support-seeking behavior expects higher “perception of support from others” in the case of the reinterpretation expectation was high. Although emotional-support-seeking behavior showed direct influence only “perception of support from others” out of four support evaluations, reinterpretation expectation effected on “problem-solving” and “perception of support from others”, and also justification expectation effected on “confusion”. This result indicated that the effect of expectations on support evaluation. The necessity of longitudinal examination, consideration regarding the interaction between support seeker and supporter, and verification of adaptive change were discussed as future implications.

著者

齋藤 美穂

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.67, no.3, pp.204-213, 1996-08-26 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

10

被引用文献数

1 1

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Using 176 Japanese and 132 Indonesian university students as subjects, the author investigated the preference for light complexions and the cultural influence on it from the viewpoint of the psychological structure of the aesthetic preference for white. In the first survey, the subjects were asked to choose their preferred colors from a color chart in order to know their general preference for white. In the second survey, the subjects were asked to answer a questionnaire designed to discriminate personal images for the four stimuli of different complexion. The results showed that positive images were associated with a fair complexion in Japan. In Indonesia, on the other hand, the images associated with a fair complexion were rather negative although white itself was highly accepted. Association with images of rareness and scarcity for a fair complexion was, however, common to both countries. This may suggest that the preference for white and whiteness derives from images of something unique and special.

著者

松田 憲 檀 友香莉 三石 奈々 三浦 佳世 楠見 孝

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

日本心理学会大会発表論文集 日本心理学会第81回大会 (ISSN:24337609)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.1B-051, 2017-09-20 (Released:2020-03-27)

著者

大岡 駿介 榎本 玲子 山上 精次

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

日本心理学会大会発表論文集 日本心理学会第78回大会 (ISSN:24337609)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2PM-1-031, 2014-09-10 (Released:2021-03-30)

著者

越智 啓太

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

日本心理学会大会発表論文集 日本心理学会第73回大会 (ISSN:24337609)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2EV026, 2009-08-26 (Released:2018-11-02)

著者

北村 英哉

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.62, no.4, pp.221-228, 1991-10-25 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

22

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The present study investigated the relationship among construct accessibility, self-schema and person memory. Three hundred and thirty-four subjects received 40 behavioral descriptions of a stimulus person, consisting of eight specific behaviors on each of five trait-dimensions. Subjects also rated personality traits of their acquaintances and themselves on nine-point bipolar scales and ranked the importance of the five trait-dimensions. Weights, which subjects assigned to each of the five dimensions, were calculated as indices of construct accessibility. Self-schema scores of each subject were also calculated based on his/her ratings. Multiple regression analyses indicated that the dimensional weights and selfschema scores were positively correlated with the recall performance of the descriptions of the stimulus person. The schematics recalled significantly more descriptions than the aschematics, whether their self-schema was positive or negative. Subjects who had positive self-schema showed higher construct accessibility than the aschematics. It was argued that the relationship between construct accessibility and self-schema might be affected by motivational factors such as self-esteem.

著者

熊谷 智博

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

日本心理学会大会発表論文集 日本心理学会第82回大会 (ISSN:24337609)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2EV-020, 2018-09-25 (Released:2019-07-19)

著者

松田 憲 楠見 孝 細見 直宏 長 篤志 三池 秀敏

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.85, no.3, pp.240-247, 2014 (Released:2014-08-25)

参考文献数

40

被引用文献数

1 1

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This study examined the influence of familiarity and novelty on the mere exposure effect while manipulating the presentation of background information. We selected presentation stimuli that integrated cars and backgrounds based on the results of pilot studies. During the exposure phase, we displayed the stimuli successively for 3 seconds, manipulating the background information (same or different backgrounds with each presentation) and exposure frequency (3, 6, and 9 times). In the judgment phase, 18 participants judged the cars in terms of preference, familiarity, and novelty on a 7-point scale. As the number of stimulus presentations increased, the preference for the cars increased during the different background condition and decreased during the same background condition. This increased preference may be due to the increase in familiarity caused by the higher exposure frequency and novelty resulting from the background changes per exposure session. The rise in preference judgments was not seen when cars and backgrounds were presented independently. Therefore, the addition of novel features to each exposure session facilitated the mere exposure effect.

著者

高橋 雅延

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.57, no.6, pp.357-364, 1987-02-27 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

18

被引用文献数

1

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Two experiments were designed to examine the relationship between elaboration and to-be-elaborated items in paired-associate learning. In the first task of both experiments, 20 subjects were presented with a sequence of 32 noun words to be elaborated, and instructed either to generate sentences or to produce associates. In second task, the subjects were asked to remember pairs of words either incidentally (Exp. I) or intentionally (Exp. II). The first word of the pairs, referred to as the context word, was used later as a cue for cued recall, while the second word, as the target word, was to be recalled. Three different types of pairs were constructed: (i) C pairs, in which the context word was elaborated and the target word was not, (ii) T pairs, in which the target word was elaborated and the context word was not, and (iii) CT pairs, in which both words were elaborated. Subjects who generated sentences remembered the items better than subjects who produced associations. Both T and CT pairs were more recalled than C. pairs, while there was no difference in recall between T and CT pairs. The results suggest that the type of to-be-elaborated items is an important factor in elaborative process.

著者

寺澤 孝文 太田 信夫 吉田 哲也

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

日本心理学会大会発表論文集 日本心理学会第73回大会 (ISSN:24337609)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.3PM132, 2009-08-26 (Released:2018-11-02)

著者

井口 亘 篠竹 利和

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

日本心理学会大会発表論文集 日本心理学会第75回大会 (ISSN:24337609)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.3AM021, 2011 (Released:2019-02-02)

著者

篠塚 寛美

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.63, no.6, pp.396-403, 1993-03-10 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

8

被引用文献数

3 3

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Problems consisted of two categories of questions, of general knowledge and forecasting future events. Given each question, the subjects chose a more likely answer from the given two alternatives, rated their own confidence on the correctness of the choice, and then, assessed the hit-rate of the classmates. The major result is as follows. The difference between average confidence and average hit-rate was small, namely, calibration was good, for problems of both general knowledge and familiar future events. On the other hand, calibration was poor for problems of accidental future events. In other words, the more available knowledge, the better calibration is. In discussion we proposed “a model of retrieval and generation”, which could explain our results for the problems of general knowledge. Results for problems of future events suggest that the subjects possibly used a certain model to make their probability judgments. On the basis of our results and with our discussion, we found the phenomenon that people believe themselves to make mental judgments better than the average. We call the phenomenon “self-superiority phenomenon”.

著者

栗川 直子

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

日本心理学会大会発表論文集 日本心理学会第83回大会 (ISSN:24337609)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.3C-051, 2019-09-11 (Released:2020-09-26)

著者

湯山 香織 島田 英昭

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

日本心理学会大会発表論文集

巻号頁・発行日

vol.76, pp.3PMC24, 2012

著者

新谷 優

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.87, no.5, pp.513-523, 2016 (Released:2016-12-25)

参考文献数

35

被引用文献数

5 5

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Three studies tested the reliability and validity of a Japanese version of the scale that measures compassionate goals to support others’ well-being and self-image goals to construct and defend a desired self-image. Consistent with Crocker and Canevello’s (2008) original English scale, the Japanese scale had a correlated two-factor structure and showed high reliability. Study 1 found that when controlling for self-image goals, compassionate goals were associated with lower zero-sum thinking, lower validation-seeking, higher growth-seeking, and higher independent self-construal. Controlling for compassionate goals, self-image goals were associated with higher validation-seeking and higher interdependent self-construal. In Studies 2 and 3, compassionate goals were associated with self-compassion and private self-consciousness to a greater extent than self-image goals, whereas self-image goals were associated with insecure attachment and with public self-consciousness to a greater extent than compassionate goals. A promotion focus and a prevention focus were moderately associated with both goals, suggesting that compassionate and self-image goals are different from these constructs.