著者

小田口 浩 日向 須美子 関根 麻理子 中森 俊輔 竹元 裕明 黄 雪丹 大嶋 直浩 嶋田 典基 楊 金緯 天倉 吉章 日向 昌司 内山 奈穂子 小林 義典 袴塚 高志 合田 幸広 花輪 壽彦

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.139, no.11, pp.1417-1425, 2019-11-01 (Released:2019-11-01)

参考文献数

21

被引用文献数

8 13

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Ephedra Herb is defined in the 17th edition of the Japanese Pharmacopoeia (JP) as the terrestrial stem of Ephedra sinica Stapf., Ephedra intermedia Schrenk et C.A. Meyer, or Ephedra equisetina Bunge (Ephedraceae). The stems of Ephedra Herb contain greater than 0.7% ephedrine alkaloids (ephedrine and pseudoephedrine). Despite its high effectiveness, Ephedra Herb exert several adverse effects, including palpitation, excitation, insomnia, and dysuria. Both the primary and adverse effects of Ephedra Herb have been traditionally believed to be mediated by these ephedrine alkaloids. However, our study found that several pharmacological actions of Ephedra Herb were not associated with ephedrine alkaloids. We prepared an ephedrine alkaloid-free Ephedra Herb extract (EFE) by eliminating ephedrine alkaloids from Ephedra Herb extract (EHE) using ion-exchange column chromatography. EFE exerted analgesic, anti-influenza, and anticancer activities in the same manner as EHE. Moreover, EFE did not induce adverse effects due to ephedrine alkaloids, such as excitation, insomnia, and arrhythmias, and showed no toxicity. Furthermore, we evaluated the safety of EFE in healthy volunteers. The number of adverse event cases was higher in the EHE-treated group than in the EFE-treated group, although the difference was not significant. Our evidence suggested that EFE was safer than EHE.

著者

垣内 信子

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.137, no.10, pp.1193-1200, 2017-10-01 (Released:2017-10-01)

参考文献数

44

被引用文献数

2

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Although Kampo medicine is now fully integrated into the modern Japanese healthcare system, most Kampo formulations depend on imported crude drugs from limited foreign areas. To prepare for possible shortages of crude drugs in the future, a wider scope for the supply of medicinal plants is necessary. We conducted field research and collaborated with international laboratories for phylogenic analysis and evaluation of medicinal plant resources. Our research on ephedra plants from a wide region of Eurasia has, for example, confirmed their phylogenic structure: based on DNA sequencing analysis of nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region 1 (ITS1) as well as the chloroplast intergenic spacer between trnL and trnF (trnL-F), the 8 major Chinese species and related plants grown on the continent could be divided into 3 groups. Additionally, Ephredra sinica was found to be synonymous with Ephredra dahurica and was reduced to a subspecies of Ephredra distachya. Furthermore, Ephredra likiangensis and Ephredra gerardiana, which are grouped in separate phylogenic trees, would be good candidates for medicinal material. Aconites from Hokkaido, as an example of domestic plants reviewed, were collected for phylogenic and aconitine alkaloid content analysis. The phylogenic analysis of nr ITSs revealed that the majority of specimens were genetically similar. However, the aconitine alkaloid content of the tuberous roots demonstrated that specimens from different habitats had varying alkaloid profiles. Environmental pressure of each habitat is presumed to have caused the morphology and aconitine alkaloid profiles of these genetically similar specimens to diversify.

著者

藤井 辰雄

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

ファルマシア (ISSN:00148601)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2, no.10, pp.696-698, 1966-10-15 (Released:2018-08-26)

著者

坂崎 文俊

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

ファルマシア (ISSN:00148601)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.56, no.3, pp.259, 2020 (Released:2020-03-01)

参考文献数

3

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健康食品市場は拡大の一途である.日本の公的な健康食品制度に機能性表示食品が加わり,機能性表示食品は特定保健用食品に比べて届出のハードルが低いため,実にたくさんの届出が行われている.昭和46年(1971年)厚生省薬務局長通知(通称「ヨンロク通知」)により毒性の強いアルカロイドを健康食品の関与成分にできないこともあり,機能性表示食品の関与成分にはポリフェノール類が多い.ポリフェノール類は,酸化ストレスに対して防御機能を有すると考えられる.酸化ストレスは体の様々な部分で悪影響を及ぼすため,抗酸化物質の利用は多様な健康効果があると期待される.最近,心血管障害および高血圧に対するポリフェノール類の作用について,ヒトを対象とした疫学研究のシステマティック・レビューが報告された.食物摂取頻度調査票とアメリカ合衆国農務省の作成する栄養成分データベースから食品成分の摂取量を計算した前向きコホート研究6報を総合した結果,ポリフェノール類の分類の中でもアントシアニン類の効果が統計的に有意のようである.ここで紹介する論文は,2型糖尿病モデルマウスに,アントシアニンを豊富に含有するタルトチェリーの抽出物を投与した結果,炎症性アディポサイトカインの産生を抑制したとの報告である.なお,本稿は下記の文献に基づいて,その研究成果を紹介するものである.1) Del Bo’ C. et al., Nutrients, 11,1355(2019).2) Godos J. et al., Antioxidants, 8,152(2019).3) Nemes A. et al., Nutrients, 11,1966(2019).

著者

牧野 健一

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

ファルマシア (ISSN:00148601)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.54, no.12, pp.1166, 2018 (Released:2018-12-01)

参考文献数

5

被引用文献数

1

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「ひらめき」は,突然かつ瞬間的になされる学習であり,心理学においては洞察学習と呼ばれる学習機構である.らに,洞察学習の特徴として,学習の成立に伴った快と驚きの情動反応,すなわち「アハ体験」(Aha! moment)が生じることが知られている.近年では,洞察学習時における脳活動に関して,主にヒトfMRIを用いた研究が行われている.現在までに,洞察学習に付随した前帯状皮質や海馬などの脳領域の活動上昇が報告されている.しかしながら,洞察学習時における脳活動は,特に皮質下領域の活動性に関しては,未だ十分に明らかとなってはいない.本稿では,7Teslaの超高磁場fMRI(7 T fMRI)を用いることで,アハ体験と相関したドパミン神経系の活動を捉えることに成功した知見を紹介する.なお,本稿は下記の文献に基づいて,その研究成果を紹介するものである.1) Köhler W., “The mentality of apes”, Routledge & Kegan Paul, London(1925).2) Topolinski S., Reber R., Curr. Dir. Psychol. Sci., 19, 402-405(2010).3) Luo J., Niki K., Hippocampus, 13, 316-323(2003).4) Aziz-Zadeh L. et al., Hum. Brain Mapp., 30, 908-916(2009).5) Tik M. et al., Hum. Brain Mapp., in press.

著者

上井 優一 鈴木 里彩 岩本 喜久生

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.131, no.5, pp.853-861, 2011-05-01 (Released:2011-05-01)

参考文献数

28

被引用文献数

6 7

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It is well known that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) affect the pharmacokinetics of methotrexate, but there are several reports showing negative consequences. In this study, we evaluated drug interactions by performing a meta-analysis on published data examining the effect of NSAIDs on pharmacokinetic parameters of methotrexate. The combined standardized mean difference of the maximum blood concentration after oral administration of methotrexate was calculated to be −0.00 (95% confidence interval, −0.30 to 0.30) based on 6 clinical trials, and there was no significant effect of NSAIDs (p=0.9967). However, it is also represented that the NSAIDs significantly increased the area under the blood concentration-time curve of methotrexate (combined standardized mean difference, 0.73; 95% confidence interval, 0.32 to 1.14; p=0.0004; 11 trials). Furthermore, the combined standardized mean differences in total and renal clearance of methotrexate were estimated to be −0.80 (95% confidence interval, −1.41 to −0.18; p=0.0109; 6 trials) and −0.76 (95% confidence interval, −1.40 to −0.11; p=0.0220; 11 trials), respectively, implying that NSAIDs interfere with urinary excretion of methotrexate. In conclusion, the integration of the published reports by these meta-analyses shows that NSAIDs increase blood levels of methotrexate by influencing renal excretion of the antifolate.

著者

辻 勉 豊島 聰

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

ファルマシア (ISSN:00148601)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, no.7, pp.668-673, 1984-07-01 (Released:2018-08-26)

著者

高倉 栄男

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

ファルマシア (ISSN:00148601)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.56, no.1, pp.67, 2020 (Released:2020-01-01)

参考文献数

2

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細胞の膜の張力はその生理活動において厳密に制御されている.そのため,張力が正常に働かない場合には様々な機能異常をきたし,例えばエンドサイトーシスの阻害や細胞分裂の遅れが生じる.よって生細胞において膜の張力を測定できれば,生命現象を理解する上で重要な知見が得られると考えられる.現在のところ,光ピンセットによる張力測定が行われているが,測定値の取得が複雑なこと,測定そのものが張力に影響を与えてしまうことが欠点として挙げられる.また,原理的に細胞内小器官の張力測定は行えないため,この問題の克服には小分子プローブによる張力測定法が必要とされていた.本稿では,生体膜の張力を蛍光寿命にてモニターできる蛍光プローブを用いて,細胞内小器官の膜の張力イメージングを行った研究について紹介する.なお,本稿は下記の文献に基づいて,その研究成果を紹介するものである.1) Colom A. et al., Nat. Chem., 10, 1118-1125(2018).2) Goujon A. et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 141, 3380-3384(2019).

著者

富田 隆 後藤 英和 住谷 賢治 吉田 正 田中 勝也 幸田 幸直

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.136, no.3, pp.517-521, 2016-03-01 (Released:2016-03-01)

参考文献数

9

被引用文献数

2 4

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To avoid fluctuation of the serum lithium concentration (CLi), sodium chloride (NaCl) intake was regulated in oral alimentation. A 62-year-old woman was hospitalized and orally administered 400 mg of lithium carbonate a day to treat her mania. Her CLi was found to be 0.75-0.81 mEq/L. Vomiting made it difficult for the patient to ingest meals orally, and therefore parenteral nutrition with additional oral intake of protein-fortified food was initiated. On day 22, parenteral nutrition was switched to oral alimentation to enable oral intake of food. The total NaCl equivalent amount was decreased to 1.2 g/d, and the CLi increased to 1.15 mEq/L on day 26. Oral alimentation with semi-solid food blended in a mixer was immediately initiated. Although the total NaCl equivalent amount was increased to 4.5-5.0 g/d, her CLi remained high at 1.14-1.17 mEq/L on days 33 and 49, respectively. We investigated oral administration of NaCl (1.8 g/d) on day 52. The total NaCl equivalent amount was increased to 6.3-6.8 g/d, and the CLi decreased to 1.08-0.97 mEq/L on days 63 and 104, respectively. After the start of the orally administered NaCl, her diet was changed to a completely blended diet on day 125. The total NaCl equivalent amount was increased to 9.0-14.5 g/d, and the CLi decreased to 0.53 mEq/L on day 152; therefore, the oral administration of NaCl was discontinued on day 166. The CLi was found to be 0.70-0.85 mEq/L on days 176 and 220.

著者

酒井 康行

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

ファルマシア (ISSN:00148601)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, no.5, pp.395-399, 2019 (Released:2019-05-01)

参考文献数

9

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新たなインビトロ細胞培養系としてマイクロフィジオロジカルシステムの研究開発が盛んに行われてきており,今や多様な形式が出揃った状況にある.今後,それらを学術面でも産業面でも広く利用していくための一助となることを期待して,中長期の人体影響評価の中での位置づけやインビトロ細胞培養系の生理学性向上における意義等をまとめ,今後の課題を明らかとしたい.

著者

加藤 信太郎 齋藤 佳敬 小野田 紘子 熊井 正貴 今井 俊吾 敦賀 健吉 武隈 洋 菅原 満

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.142, no.7, pp.755-760, 2022-07-01 (Released:2022-07-01)

参考文献数

19

被引用文献数

1

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Naldemedine (Nal) is widely used as a therapeutic drug against opioid-induced constipation. However, patients in phase III trials are limited to those with good performance status (PS). Cancer patients may have inferior PS owing to progression of symptoms and adverse events from chemotherapy. Therefore, it is important to survey the efficacy of Nal in patients with poor PS. This study aimed to evaluate Nal efficacy in patients with poor PS. We retrospectively investigated patients from July 2017 to June 2019 and compared Nal efficacy between patients with good and poor PS. The efficacy of Nal was evaluated using changes in the number of spontaneous bowel movements 7 days before and after the introduction of Nal with reference to previous reports. Multivariate analysis was performed to reveal whether poor PS affects Nal efficacy. In total, 141 patients at the Hokkaido University Hospital were analyzed. The effective rate of Nal from day 1 to day 7 of administration was 71.7% and 71.4% in the patients with good and poor PS, respectively, that from day 1 to day 2 of administration was 61.1% and 57.1%, respectively, and that from day 3 to day 7 of administration was 60.2% and 71.4%, respectively, suggesting an absence of significant differences. Furthermore, results of multivariate analysis showed that “best supportive care” and “body weight (55 kg and above)” reduced Nal efficacy. In conclusion, Nal showed similar effectiveness in patients with poor PS as that in those with good PS.

著者

糟谷 史代

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

ファルマシア (ISSN:00148601)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.35, no.6, pp.598-599, 1999-06-01 (Released:2018-08-26)

参考文献数

4

著者

田浦 太志

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

ファルマシア (ISSN:00148601)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, no.6, pp.592, 1998-06-01 (Released:2018-08-26)

参考文献数

4

著者

杉浦 隆之 和久 敬蔵

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

ファルマシア (ISSN:00148601)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, no.4, pp.334-338, 1998-04-01 (Released:2018-08-26)

参考文献数

17

著者

内山 奈穂子 花尻(木倉) 瑠理 正田 卓司 福原 潔 合田 幸広

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.131, no.7, pp.1141-1147, 2011-07-01 (Released:2011-07-01)

参考文献数

12

被引用文献数

11 12

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Recently, many psychotropic herbal products, named such as “Spice”, were distributed worldwide via the Internet. In our previous study, several synthetic cannabinoids were identified as adulterants in herbal products being available in Japan due to their expected narcotic effects. Among those, two derivatives of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC), which is major psychotropic cannabinoid of marijuana, cannabicyclohexanol (CCH, 3-[2-hydroxy-4-(2-methylnonan-2-yl)phenyl]cyclohexan-1-ol) and CP-47,497 (3-[2-hydroxy-4-(2-methyloctan-2-yl)phenyl]cyclohexan-1-ol), have been controlled as designated substances (Shitei-Yakubutsu) under the Pharmaceutical Affairs Law since November 2009. CCH was detected together with its trans-form (1-epimer) in many herbal products, and CCH and CP-47,497 have two chiral centers in the structures. However, the pharmaceutical activities of the isomers of CCH have not been reported. This study presents chiral separations of CCH, its trans-form and CP-47,497 in the products using LC-circular dichroism (CD) and LC-MS analyses. The enantiomeric pairs of CCH, its trans-form and CP-47,497 were separated, respectively. Subsequently, the analyses of the herbal products showed that CCH and its trans-form existed as mixtures of enantiomers and the relative ratios of CCH and the trans-form enantiomers ranged from 42/58% to 53/47% and from 33/67% to 52/48%, respectively.

著者

辻川 健治

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

ファルマシア (ISSN:00148601)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.7, pp.693-694, 2010-07-01 (Released:2018-08-23)

参考文献数

4

著者

渡辺 和人 山本 郁男

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

衛生化学 (ISSN:0013273X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, no.5, pp.385-396, 1992-10-31 (Released:2008-05-30)

参考文献数

133

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Marihuana is a complex mixture containing various biologically active compounds in which cannabinoids are major components. The drug interaction of marihuana with other drugs is a serious problem in some cases since marihuana is often taken with other centrally-acting drugs. Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), which is a main component responsible for most of the psychomimetic effects of marihuana, can potentiate the effects of many depressants, such as alcohol, barbiturates, anesthetics, morphine and anticonvulsants, in the central nervous system. The drug interaction of THC with other drugs is a functional mechanism in the central nervous system. THC has biphasic effects (stimulant and depressant) depending on, maily, doses. THC, therefore, interacts with stimulants as cocaine and phencyclidine in a complicated manner. Cross-tolerance in some effects of the components of marihuana and of other drugs has been recognized. Cannabidiol (CBD), which is another major component in marihuana but lacks psychomimetic activity, potentiates the effects of some specified drugs that terminates their effects through metabolic inactivation. The interaction of CBD with other drugs is considered to be metabolic in origin since the cannabinoid can suppress the gepatic microsomal drugmetabolizing enzymes. Drug interaction can also occur among cannabinoids, indicating the complexity of the combined effect of marihuana and other drugs. These are additives, synergistic or antagonistic, depending on the conditions used. This review describes the interactions of marihuana components with centrally-acting drugs in relation to their pharmacological and toxicological significance.

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

ファルマシア (ISSN:00148601)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.56, no.2, pp.96-97, 2020 (Released:2020-02-01)

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ミニ特集:患者に寄り添った医療を考えるミニ特集にあたって:近年,薬剤師はあらゆる専門性を身に着け,医療チームの一員として活躍する姿が見られる.病棟や在宅などで患者と接していく中で,ある時ふと自分(薬剤師)の限界を感じた人もいるだろう.「私に何ができるだろう」と悩んだ時,「その患者にとって何が必要なのか」を考えられる薬剤師であってほしいと願っている.このミニ特集では患者に寄り添う医療の実際や,患者の声を聴くスキルについて紹介していただいた.患者に寄り添った医療の在り方と薬剤師の果たすべき役割を考える機会となれば幸いである.表紙の説明:大河ドラマ「麒麟がくる」が始まった.本能寺の変の主役,明智光秀が主人公だが,波乱万丈の生涯を送った光秀にふさわしい始まりだ.その光秀の家紋が桔梗紋である.光秀に大きな影響を与えた斉藤道三,一癖も二癖もありそうな足利義昭,人物として完成後に出会った織田信長,それらの人物と光秀の関係が,大河ドラマでどう描かれるか興味深い.また,意外な著名人も実は桔梗紋を使っていた.電子付録では,キキョウの花と共に桔梗紋の著名人を詳しく紹介したい.

著者

鈴木 啓司 児玉 靖司 渡邉 正己

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.126, no.10, pp.859-867, 2006-10-01 (Released:2006-10-01)

参考文献数

48

被引用文献数

6 6

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Accumulated evidence has shown that exposure to low-dose radiation, especially doses less than 0.1 Gy, induces observable effects on mammalian cells. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms have not yet been clarified. Recently, it has been shown that low-dose radiation stimulates growth factor receptor, which results in a sequential activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. In addition to the activation of the membrane-bound pathways, it is becoming evident that nuclear pathways are also activated by low-dose radiation. Ionizing radiation has detrimental effects on chromatin structure, since radiation-induced DNA double-strand breaks result in discontinuity of nucleosomes. Recently, it has been shown that ATM protein, the product of the ATM gene mutated in ataxia-telangiectasia, recognizes alteration in the chromatin structure, and it is activated through intermolecular autophosphorylation at serine 1981. Using antibodies against phosphorylated ATM, we found that the activated and phosphorylated ATM protein is detected as discrete foci in the nucleus between doses of 10 mGy and 1 Gy. Interestingly, the size of the foci induced by low-dose radiation was equivalent to the foci induced by high-dose radiation. These results indicate that the initial signal is amplified through foci growth, and cells evolve a system by which they can respond to a small number of DNA double-strand breaks. From these results, it can be concluded that low-dose radiation is sensed both in the membrane and in the nucleus, and activation of multiple signal transduction pathways could be involved in manifestations of low-dose effects.

著者

花香 淳一

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

ファルマシア (ISSN:00148601)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, no.7, pp.702-704, 2022 (Released:2022-07-01)

参考文献数

8

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がん化学療法中の患者は,強い有害事象のため,深刻な身体的および精神的不安を抱えやすいと言える。患者自身の治療意欲や生活の質維持のために,薬剤師が,医師や看護師と協働して,その専門性を活かした患者への情報提供を継続し,医師に種々の提案をすることは重要な意味を持つ。今回,小山記念病院の活動を例示しつつ,病院薬剤師の外来化学療法患者への介入状況等を処方提案の有用性を交えて紹介する。