著者

高須 清誠 有地 法人

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

ファルマシア (ISSN:00148601)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.57, no.8, pp.731-735, 2021 (Released:2021-08-01)

参考文献数

24

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環内にトランス二重結合や三重結合を含む中員環化合物は、大きな分子ひずみをもち特徴的な反応性を示す。特にある種の官能基をもつ化合物と特異的かつ効率的に反応をするため、生体分子の化学修飾や機能性分子創製におけるクリック反応として利用される。本稿では、分子ひずみを利用した中員環化合物の反応性および、その合成法について、最新の知見を含めて紹介する。

著者

五十嵐 勝秀 大塚(出田) まき 成田 年

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.137, no.3, pp.265-271, 2017-03-01 (Released:2017-03-01)

参考文献数

25

被引用文献数

4 3

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Epigenetics has drawn much attention as a mechanism of transcriptional regulation involving modifications to genomic DNA and histone, without changes to nucleotide sequences. Epigenetics is related to various biological phenomena. We defined one of these phenomena as “epigenetic toxicity”, in which chemicals affect epigenetic regulation and result in undesirable effects on living organisms. We then detailed the importance of epigenetics and the need for intensive research. Epigenetics is a mechanism that might explain the long-lasting effects of chemicals in an organism, and the formation of a predisposition to various diseases. Recent significant technological advancement in the study of epigenetics could break through the barrier of the mysterious black box of epigenetic toxicity. However, at present it is difficult to say whether the epigenetic point of view is being fully utilized in the evaluation of chemical safety. In this review, we will first summarize the epigenetic toxicity research field, with examples of epigenetic toxicities and technologies for epigenetic analysis. Following that, we will point out some challenges in which an epigenetic viewpoint may be essential for the evaluation of chemical safety, and we will show some current approaches. We hope this review will trigger a discussion about epigenetic toxicity that will lead to encouraging research advancements.

著者

江角 浩安

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.140, no.3, pp.419-421, 2020-03-01 (Released:2020-03-01)

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Pharmacists at National Cancer Center Hospital East play important roles in designing, conducting new protocol for clinical trials for developing new regimens and even new drugs. They are also key staffs in treating cancer patients in both in- and out-patient clinics by conducting chemotherapy and monitoring adverse effects. In addition, they educate patients and families before and during treatment by operating independent pharmacists' out-patient clinics. Pharmacists are in front-line of cancer chemotherapy. I was in National Cancer Center but am now in a small city hospital where most of the patients are age over 70 or 80 and frequently live alone. They are suffered from cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and mental diseases. Because most of the patients are elderly, their renal function is more or less disturbed. In this area, medical social workers, nurses, care workers and medical doctors together with visiting nurse system, care worker station try to let the patients enjoy life out of hospital. Japan is a leading country to overcome many problems in an elderly society and try to establish comprehensive community system. The position of pharmacists in this system is not fully clear in our city and probably in other city. Here is another frontier for pharmacists.

著者

長井 紀章

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.141, no.1, pp.47-53, 2021-01-01 (Released:2021-01-01)

参考文献数

19

被引用文献数

1 3

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The use of eye drops is a well-established practice in the treatment of ophthalmic diseases, although the bioavailability of traditional eye drops, which are either solutions or suspensions, is insufficient, as the corneal barrier and dilution by lacrimation prevent the transcorneal penetration of drugs. Additionally, frequent instillation may cause undesirable systemic side effects and local corneal toxicity. To overcome these problems, micro- and nanoparticles, hydrogels, and viscous solutions have been tested, and solid nanoparticles are also expected to be applied. This review examines the usefulness of ophthalmic formulations based on solid nanoparticles, by using the specific example of indomethacin (IMC). Ophthalmic formulations based on solid IMC nanoparticles (IMC-NP dispersions) have been prepared using various additives (benzalkonium chloride, mannitol, methylcellulose, and cyclodextrin) and a rotation/revolution pulverizer (NP-100), to produce particles of 50-220 nm in size. The solubility of IMC in IMC-NP dispersions was 4.18-fold higher than that in the suspensions containing IMC microparticles (IMC-MP suspensions), and IMC-NP dispersions were better tolerated than commercially available NSAIDs eye drops, such as IMC, pranoprofen, diclofenac, bromfenac, and nepafenac eyedrops, in human corneal epithelial cells. Moreover, the corneal penetration in IMC-NP dispersions was higher than that in commercially available IMC and IMC-MP suspensions, and three energy-dependent endocytosis pathways (clathrin-dependent endocytosis, caveolae-dependent endocytosis, and macropinocytosis) were related to the high ophthalmic bioavailability of IMC-NP dispersions. This information can be used to support future studies aimed at designing novel ophthalmic formulations.

著者

朝比奈 泰子 堀 里子 澤田 康文

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.130, no.2, pp.271-275, 2010-02-01 (Released:2010-02-01)

参考文献数

25

被引用文献数

1

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Hyperkalemia is common in patients with renal disease, and is sometimes caused by dietary potassium intake. We aimed to determine and compare the content of potassium in nine brands of glucosamine supplements sold in the Japanese market and via the Internet. The potassium content was 0.165-3 mg per daily dose in Japanese products, which contained glucosamine hydrochloride or N-acetylglucosamine, while the content in foreign products, in which glucosamine was sulfated, was 197-280 mg. Our results show that the potassium content in glucosamine sulfate supplements can correspond to 20% of the maximum daily intake of potassium by patients on hemodialysis, because the products sometimes contain glucosamine as glucosamine sulfate potassium chloride for stabilization. Although it is not permitted to sell glucosamine sulfate as food in Japan, consumers can easily buy foreign products that contain glucosamine sulfate via the Internet, and those products rarely indicate the potassium content. Health professionals should pay attention to patients' use of glucosamine supplements, especially when patients' dietary potassium intake needs to be restricted.

著者

橋本 貴美子 犀川 陽子 中田 雅也

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

ファルマシア (ISSN:00148601)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.2, pp.135-139, 2010-02-01 (Released:2018-08-23)

被引用文献数

1

著者

入江 徹美

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.142, no.9, pp.927-928, 2022-09-01 (Released:2022-09-01)

著者

安原 眞人

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.142, no.9, pp.929-935, 2022-09-01 (Released:2022-09-01)

参考文献数

11

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In order to provide sustainable medical care in a super-aging society, pharmacists are required to play a role in integrated community care systems in cooperation with multiple professionals, in addition to prescription-based dispensing. We propose the necessity of building an interprofessional information sharing system, lifelong training for pharmacists, and the establishment of a professional certification system.

著者

山本 信夫

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.142, no.9, pp.951-963, 2022-09-01 (Released:2022-09-01)

参考文献数

4

被引用文献数

2

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The anticipation of Japan's decreased birthrate and a shift to an aged society has led to the field of medical care to review the country's social security system. The review calls for a reform of the medical insurance system under the universal health coverage system to fit the changing demographic. The target year of 2025 has the government advocating for an “integrated community care system”, with the ‘baby-boom generation’ turning 75. This is a sustainable regional system that can cope with the aging society and the declining birthrate simultaneously. Within this new system, I would like to discuss The Strategic Plan of the Japan Pharmaceutical Association, released with the aim of realizing pharmacists and pharmacy services that can immediately respond to the expectations of society; from the perspective of the theme of this symposium, “Communicating the image of pharmacists in a community-based society”.

著者

山中 健三 圓藤 吟史

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

ファルマシア (ISSN:00148601)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.49, no.1, pp.43-47, 2013-01-01 (Released:2016-09-26)

被引用文献数

1

著者

小野 麻衣子

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

ファルマシア (ISSN:00148601)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.7, pp.692-693, 2010-07-01 (Released:2018-08-23)

参考文献数

5

著者

西田 晴行

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

ファルマシア (ISSN:00148601)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.6, pp.539-543, 2016 (Released:2016-06-01)

参考文献数

25

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酸関連疾患に対する治療薬の歴史と振り返ると、より強く、より長く胃内のpHを制御できる薬剤を求めて研究開発が行われてきた。我々は「最強の酸分泌抑制薬」と言われるプロトンポンプ阻害薬(proton pump inhibitor: PPI)の課題を克服する「究極の酸分泌抑制薬」を目指して創薬研究を続け、強い胃酸分泌抑制効果と長い作用持続を有するボノプラザンを見出した。ボノプラザンは、酸に安定で水溶性に優れ、また、PPI(ランソプラゾール)の課題とされた作用発現の遅さ、効果の個人差および食事の影響などの改善が期待できる作用特性を示した。日本発の次世代医薬品として大きな貢献が期待される。

著者

一丁田 健一 川城 巌 鈴木 郁生 名取 信策 北川 晴雄 永井 恒司

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

ファルマシア (ISSN:00148601)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.11, no.2, pp.97-102, 1975-02-01 (Released:2018-08-26)

著者

南郷 大輔 関塚 大 五島 誠 越前 宏俊

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.142, no.4, pp.341-344, 2022-04-01 (Released:2022-04-01)

参考文献数

15

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Nowadays, medical big data has been developed and made available in a variety of fields such as epidemiology and pharmacovigilance. Spontaneous reporting databases are one category of medical big data and that has been adequate for analysing events related to side effects that rarely occur in general practice. These data are freely available in several countries. In Japan, the Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency has developed the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report (JADER), and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) developed the FDA Adverse Events Reporting System (FAERS) in the United States. Since the release of these medical big data, many researchers in academic and research setting have accessed them, but it is still difficult for many medical professionals to analyse these data due to costs and operation of requisite statistical software. In this section, we give some tips to study spontaneous reporting databases resulting from our learning experiences.

著者

齋藤 百枝美 野舘 敬直 丸山 桂司 土屋 雅勇 渡邊 真知子 丹羽 真一

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.132, no.3, pp.369-379, 2012-03-01 (Released:2012-03-01)

参考文献数

15

被引用文献数

3 3

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We established a practical training program to nurture pharmacists who can give smoking cessation instructions. The program was provided to 85 interns (45 males and 40 females) in Teikyo University Hospital. The one-day practical training was provided to groups comprised of five members each. The training consisted of studies on the adverse effects of smoking, general outlines of the outpatient smoking cessation service, experiencing Smokerlyzer, studies about smoking-cessation drugs, studies about a smoking cessation therapy using cognitive-behavioral therapy and motivational interviewing, and case studies applying role-playing. Before and after the practical training, we conducted a questionnaire survey consisting of The Kano Test for Social Nicotine Dependence (KTSND) and the assessment of the smoking status, changes in attitudes to smoking, and willingness and confidence to give smoking cessation instructions. The overall KTSND score significantly dropped from 14.1±4.8 before the training to 8.9±4.8 after the training. The confidence to give smoking cessation instructions significantly increased from 3.4±1.9 to 6.2±1.3. Regarding the correlation between the smoking status and willingness and confidence to give smoking cessation instructions, the willingness and confidence were lower among the group of interns who either smoked or had smoked previously, suggesting that smoking had an adverse effect. A total of 88.2% of the interns answered that their attitudes to smoking had “changed slightly” or “changed” as a result of the training, indicating changes in their attitudes to smoking. Given the above, we believe that our newly-established smoking cessation instruction training is a useful educational tool.

著者

高橋 憲二 小島 健吾 中島 理恵 鈴木 達彦 渡邉 文之

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.22-00079, (Released:2022-07-05)

参考文献数

38

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Collaborations between hospital and community pharmacists play a key role in ensuring consistent continuation of pharmacotherapy within official medical care plans designed to promote community-based healthcare. A previous study conducted by the authors clarified the constructs of collaboration between the hospital and community pharmacists from the hospital pharmacist's perspective. In this study, a similar questionnaire was used to survey a group of pharmacies with 424 outlets nationwide, and 244 responses were collected. Factor analysis from the community pharmacists’ perspective extracted five latent factors comprising 18 variables, and structural equation modeling yielded a model with a high goodness-of-fit. In the latter model, variables representing “Organizational climate” and “Basic policy on collaboration” formed the foundation of the collaboration between hospital and community pharmacists, while variables representing “Understanding of healthcare policy,” “Resources for collaboration,” and “Community support systems” represented concepts that flexibly compensated for fluctuations in medical policy. These trends were similar to those of the constructs previously indicated by hospital pharmacists. We performed multiple regression analysis and structural equation modeling to confirm the impact of the inclusion of “Need for collaboration” as a dependent variable on the proposed constructs of hospital-community pharmacist collaboration using different analytical methods. Our results indicated that “Organizational climate,” “Basic policy on collaboration,” and “Community support systems” affected the “Need for collaboration”. Our findings indicate that future studies are needed to confirm and clarify the causal relationships demonstrated by the constructs of hospital-community pharmacist collaboration seen within the current study.

著者

平田 收正

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.142, no.8, pp.829-836, 2022-08-01 (Released:2022-08-01)

参考文献数

9

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The first-phase third-party accreditation conducted by the Japan Accreditation Board for Pharmaceutical Education between FY 2013 and 2019 revealed various issues regarding current pharmacy education programs. In addition, the report of the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare's Study Group on the Training and Quality Improvement of Pharmacists, which was published in 2021, identified a broad range of issues in pharmaceutical education related to pharmacist training and quality improvement. Many of these issues are concerned with university curricula; thus, in order to ensure and enhance the quality of pharmaceutical education and develop pharmaceutical human resources that society demands, it is extremely important for each university to improve its curricula. Since revision of the model core curriculum for pharmaceutical education is currently underway, in this symposium, we held a discussion to identify points that need to be improved regarding the current model core curriculum to ensure and enhance the quality of pharmaceutical education in light of the above-mentioned issues, and incorporate the corresponding measures into the basic policy for revision of the model core curriculum.

著者

合田 幸広

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.134, no.2, pp.197-202, 2014-02-01 (Released:2014-02-01)

参考文献数

9

被引用文献数

1 1

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With the prefectural governments' aid of the purchase, the Division of Pharmacognosy, Phytochemistry and Narcotics, National Institute of Health Sciences (NIHS) successively has surveyed illegal constituents in health food products implicitly advertizing tonic or slimming effect since the fiscal year of 2002 (slimming type) or 2003 (tonic type). The average numbers of the analyzed products per year are about 100 (slimming type) and 150 (tonic type), respectively. We also continuously distribute standards of authentic samples of several illegal components such as N-nitrosofenfluramine (NFF) and sildenafil (SIL) to prefectural institutes and the average gross number per year is about 140. In the case of slimming type, the fact that the products containing NFF were widely sold in Japanese markets in 2002 is well known. In addition, phenolphthalein, fenfluramine, sibtramine, desdimethylsibtramine, orlistat, mazindol, Rhubarb, Senna Leaf, etc. have been found as illegal constituents. In the tonic type products, we have identified more than 20 synthetic compounds relating to the erectile dysfunction (ED) treatment drugs, SIL, vardenafil and tadalafil (TDF). Since 2005, their synthetic intermediates and the patented but non-approved PDE5 inhibitors also have been found. It should be noted that TDF was found in the shells of capsule in 2009 and that mutaprodenafil was found as pro-drug type illegal component in 2010. In this report identification method of these illegal constituents is briefly described and then analytical trend in this decade is reviewed.

著者

深澤 俊貴 田中 佐智子 川上 浩司

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

ファルマシア (ISSN:00148601)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, no.8, pp.777-781, 2022 (Released:2022-08-01)

参考文献数

13

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医療データベース(DB)を用いた観察研究の発展には、目を見張るものがある。情報技術革新に支えられた大規模DBの構築と柔軟かつ高度な疫学手法の掛け合わせは、リアルワールドにおける医薬品の使用実態調査、および有効性や安全性の評価をタイムリーに実現させている。本稿では、診療報酬請求情報(レセプト)DB、Diagnosis Procedure Combination(DPC)DB、電子カルテDBを中心に解説するとともに、それらを用いた観察研究を紹介する。

著者

橋本 庸平

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

ファルマシア (ISSN:00148601)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, no.4, pp.315-317, 1979-04-01 (Released:2018-08-26)