著者

鈴木 江津子 岡田 隆

出版者

心理学評論刊行会

雑誌

心理学評論 (ISSN:03861058)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.56, no.2, pp.310-319, 2013 (Released:2018-08-18)

著者

外山 紀子

出版者

心理学評論刊行会

雑誌

心理学評論 (ISSN:03861058)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, no.2, pp.204-219, 2015

著者

石川 敦雄 楠見 孝

出版者

心理学評論刊行会

雑誌

心理学評論 (ISSN:03861058)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, no.4, pp.530-554, 2015 (Released:2018-06-19)

被引用文献数

2

著者

桐生 正幸

出版者

心理学評論刊行会

雑誌

心理学評論 (ISSN:03861058)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.61, no.3, pp.344-358, 2018 (Released:2020-01-18)

参考文献数

58

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In recent years, offender profiling research has played a substantial role in criminal psychology. To date, criminal etiology and the psychology of delinquency have been the focus of criminal psychology. These methods were demonstrated to be useful in criminal investigations involving psychological analysis of criminal behavior. This may be evaluated as taking after the reasoning method of Sherlock Holmes, the fictional master detective. This article discusses the historical development and present state of offender profiling and its future, with reference to the Sherlock Holmes period and reasoning method. The history of criminal profiling can be broadly divided into three periods: before the FBI (the period of Holmes); the development and implementation of FBI methods; and the current period, in which statistics are used. This can also be called the history of transition from a period that focused on psychiatry and clinical psychology to one focusing on social psychology and environmental criminology. The main analyses of this method are “linkage analysis,” “criminal profile assumption,” and “geographical profiling,” as well as statistical analyses, which comprise multidimensional scaling and decision trees, among others. In modern-day Japan, analytical findings from offender profiling are used in investigating officers’ decision-making in the same way as eyewitness reports, information regarding criminal techniques, and information obtained from forensic data. Psychological techniques have been utilized in the criminal investigation setting since “polygraph tests” that test for the presence or absence of recollection. However, currently, analytical findings are provided only as investigation support information, which can hardly be described as ideal. In general, criminal profiling has not reached the wisdom displayed by Holmes. Ideal criminal profiling entails an “investigating officer” deciding on an investigation plan founded on various types of analytical information. This practice demonstrates “abductive reasoning,” wherein the truth is uncovered while a hypothesis is being repeatedly formulated. This necessitates future methods entailing statistical abductive reasoning using Bayesian inference, among others, and a multi-disciplinary research environment.

著者

久津木 文

出版者

心理学評論刊行会

雑誌

心理学評論 (ISSN:03861058)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.49, no.1, pp.158-174, 2006 (Released:2019-04-12)

被引用文献数

2

著者

湯澤 美紀

出版者

心理学評論刊行会

雑誌

心理学評論 (ISSN:03861058)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.54, no.1, pp.76-94, 2011 (Released:2018-08-18)

被引用文献数

1

著者

五十嵐 祐

出版者

心理学評論刊行会

雑誌

心理学評論 (ISSN:03861058)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.63, no.4, pp.403-417, 2020 (Released:2022-02-05)

参考文献数

108

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Tackling loneliness is a challenging task in modern society. Recent research has focused primarily on the physiological nature of loneliness. However, the multifaceted psychological construct is clearly more than just a negative emotion. The virtue of helping each other can be undermined by the process in which loneliness breeds maladaptive social perception and behavior that also facilitate the avoidance of lonely individuals. To cut off the vicious cycle of loneliness, comprehending the dynamic nature of loneliness and social networks through the lens of social information processing is important. After introducing the conceptualization of loneliness, this paper discusses the process by which individuals feel isolated in dyadic/networked social connections, the social selection and influence mechanisms of loneliness, the distinction between loneliness and solitude, the current advances and limitation of loneliness interventions, and the importance of providing opportunities for social interactions for the lonely to deal with this modern disease.

著者

下村 英雄 菰田 孝行

出版者

心理学評論刊行会

雑誌

心理学評論 (ISSN:03861058)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.50, no.4, pp.384-401, 2007 (Released:2019-04-12)

著者

松田 いづみ

出版者

心理学評論刊行会

雑誌

心理学評論 (ISSN:03861058)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.59, no.2, pp.162-181, 2016 (Released:2018-04-13)

参考文献数

113

被引用文献数

12

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Deception, especially unexpressed deception, concealment, is difficult to detect from words and behavior. Thus, psychophysiological approaches are used to detect deception. One such approach is the Concealed Information Test (CIT). The CIT is used in criminal investigations to examine a subject’s concealing of a memory through autonomic and/or central nervous activities. In contrast, psychophysiologists generally infer cognitive processes from physiological responses. This study aimed to reveal the cognitive processes of concealing the memory by reviewing physiological responses during the CIT. We demonstrated that the intent to conceal memory (or withdrawal motivation) would increase the significance of the memory and recruit controlled processes, such as monitoring and inhibition of physiological responses.

著者

浅井 智久 山内 貴史 杉森 絵里子 坂東 奈緒子 丹野 義彦

出版者

心理学評論刊行会

雑誌

心理学評論 (ISSN:03861058)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, no.2, pp.240-261, 2010 (Released:2019-03-16)

著者

小田 亮

出版者

心理学評論刊行会

雑誌

心理学評論 (ISSN:03861058)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.63, no.3, pp.308-323, 2020 (Released:2022-02-05)

参考文献数

84

被引用文献数

1

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Traditional psychology has primarily focused on the mechanism and development of human altruism. However, the functional significance and evolutionary origin of altruism are also important. The condition for altruism to evolve by natural selection is “positive assortment.” To guarantee positive assortment, variance within a group must be small, whereas variance between groups must be large, which results in “parochial altruism.” Some features of reasoning and memory in humans are believed to have been adapted to parochial altruism. However, humans sometimes show “generalized altruism” beyond each group they belong to. Clarifying the relationship between the function of the mind as a legacy of evolution and the structure of human social groups is important to understand altruism.

著者

河野 哲也

出版者

心理学評論刊行会

雑誌

心理学評論 (ISSN:03861058)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.57, no.3, pp.337-349, 2014 (Released:2018-07-13)

著者

無藤 隆 久保 ゆかり 大嶋 百合子

出版者

心理学評論刊行会

雑誌

心理学評論 (ISSN:03861058)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, no.1, pp.71-88, 1980 (Released:2019-08-07)

被引用文献数

1

著者

松井 豊

出版者

心理学評論刊行会

雑誌

心理学評論 (ISSN:03861058)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, no.3, pp.355-370, 1990 (Released:2019-07-24)

著者

西田 裕紀子

出版者

心理学評論刊行会

雑誌

心理学評論 (ISSN:03861058)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.63, no.1, pp.78-81, 2020 (Released:2021-07-27)

参考文献数

15

著者

大平 英樹

出版者

心理学評論刊行会

雑誌

心理学評論 (ISSN:03861058)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, no.1, pp.93-118, 2004 (Released:2019-04-12)

被引用文献数

1

著者

筒井 義郎

出版者

心理学評論刊行会

雑誌

心理学評論 (ISSN:03861058)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, no.1, pp.22-25, 2012 (Released:2018-08-18)

著者

鯨岡 峻

出版者

心理学評論刊行会

雑誌

心理学評論 (ISSN:03861058)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, no.4, pp.506-529, 1986 (Released:2019-07-24)

著者

橋本 剛

出版者

心理学評論刊行会

雑誌

心理学評論 (ISSN:03861058)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.63, no.4, pp.497-502, 2020 (Released:2022-02-05)

参考文献数

7

著者

永井 智

出版者

心理学評論刊行会

雑誌

心理学評論 (ISSN:03861058)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.63, no.4, pp.477-496, 2020 (Released:2022-02-05)

参考文献数

153

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This article reviewed three help-seeking issues in counseling and in clinical psychology research: (1) help-seeking processes, (2) facilitation of help-seeking, and (3) help-seeking and adjustment. Based on a review of previous literature about help-seeking processes and the facilitation of help-seeking, the importance of integrating perspectives that combine theoretical models of help-seeking, factors influencing help-seeking, programs facilitating help-seeking, and clinical practice was indicated. With regard to help-seeking and adjustment, help-seeking may not always serve an adaptive function and practices that aim to facilitate help-seeking have several considerations. Finally, the conclusion of this article is that future studies should consider the impact of sociocultural factors on help-seeking.