著者

太田 博樹

出版者

日本生理人類学会

雑誌

日本生理人類学会誌 (ISSN:13423215)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, no.2, pp.91-96, 2017 (Released:2017-10-31)

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Twin research has been of fundamental importance to the field of human genetics. There are two phases to twin studies: 1) a biological interest for twins, and 2) usefulness of schemes using twin characteristics. In this review, I outline the two phases of twin studies, related to both genome and epigenome studies, and discuss the potential expansion of twin studies in physiological anthropology in the near future.

著者

藤井 勝紀 田中 望

出版者

日本生理人類学会

雑誌

日本生理人類学会誌 (ISSN:13423215)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, no.3, pp.113-121, 2014-08-25 (Released:2017-07-28)

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In this study, to determine delayed menarche in individual female athletes, the age at maximum peak velocity of BMI and the interval with age at menarche were analyzed. An attempt was made to verify the frequency with which physical stress gives rise to delayed menarche. The subjects were 95 female athletes and 232 girls in their final year of high school. Information including age, age at menarche, and athletic practice was obtained from a questionnaire given to the athletes and control group. Data were also obtained on the girls' longitudinal growth in height and weight from the first year of elementary school (6 years old) to the final year of high school. BMI was calculated from this data, and the wavelet interpolation method was applied for changes in height and BMI with age from 6 to 17 years old. It was found that among female athletes judged to have had delayed menarche the physical stress type of delayed menarche was much more common than fat-related delayed menarche. Therefore, it is speculated that physical stress acts a large role in delayed menarche in athletes.

著者

荒牧 勇

出版者

日本生理人類学会

雑誌

日本生理人類学会誌 (ISSN:13423215)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, no.3, pp.173-177, 2014-08-25 (Released:2017-07-28)

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As most of the corticospinal fibers cross over to the contralateral side, the right side of the body is controlled by the left primary motor cortex, while the left side of the body is controlled by the right primary motor cortex. However, because callosal connections between the two hemispheres and ipsilateral corticospinal pathways convey the same information to bilateral homologous muscles, interference can occur between the left and the right motor system when we use bilateral hand simultaneously. This interference could work as a cost-effective measure in symmetric movements and a resource-demanding measure in asymmetric movement. In this paper, I discuss how the brain represents cost-effective and resource-demanding bimanual interaction.

著者

山本 由華吏 白川 修一郎 永嶋 義直 大須 弘之 東條 聡 鈴木 めぐみ 矢田 幸博 鈴木 敏幸

出版者

日本生理人類学会

雑誌

日本生理人類学会誌 (ISSN:13423215)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.8, no.2, pp.69-73, 2003-05-25 (Released:2017-07-28)

参考文献数

21

被引用文献数

6

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We investigated the effects of cedrol, which is a sesquiterpene alcohol contained in cedarwood oil, on sleep using overnight polysomnography. This study included 11 healthy females (24.5±2.1 years). Days 1 and 2 were regarded as adaptation nights. Days 3 to 6 (4 days) were regarded as experimental nights. As the experimental condition, cedrol was volatilized for 4 hours starting from 2 hours before lights were turned off. No odor was given during the placebo condition. Each condition was performed for 2 consecutive days, in reverse order. Sleep time increased and sleep latency shortened in the presence of cedrol compared to those of sleep with placebo (p<0.05). Furthermore, sleep efficiency slightly increased in the presence of cedrol (p<0.10). Cedrol inhibited the excitement of the sympathetic nervous system and made the parasympathetic nervous system dominant, which may have made it easy to fall asleep.

著者

小関 誠 レカ ラジュ・ジュネジャ 白川 修一郎

出版者

日本生理人類学会

雑誌

日本生理人類学会誌 (ISSN:13423215)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, no.4, pp.143-150, 2004-11-25 (Released:2017-07-28)

参考文献数

35

被引用文献数

2

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人生の3分の1を占める「眠り」は人間にとって最も重要な生命現象の一つである。現代においては5人に1人が一ヶ月以内に不眠を経験し、外来新患では一ヶ月以上続く長期不眠愁訴を持つ者が10人に1人以上存在する。また、睡眠障害が引き起こす交通事故等の国民の経済損失は年間1兆4,000億円と算定され、医療費の支出も全国で年間5,000億円以上、睡眠薬にかかる医療コストだけでも最低1,825億円の支出があると推定されている。種々の天然成分が睡眠におよぼす効果はこれまで幾つか報告されている。ヒマラヤスギやマツなどに含まれる香気成分の一つであるセドロールには交感神経の興奮を抑制し副交感神経活動を優位にさせる効果があり、更に睡眠においては総睡眠時間の延長、入眠潜時の短縮、睡眠効率の上昇が認められている。数十種類の香気成分を含む西洋ハーブの一種であるバレリアナには鎮静効果があることが知られており、ヒト臨床試験において睡眠潜時の減少、睡眠の質の改善、徐波睡眠の延長などが確認されている。

著者

柏原 考爾 室田 真男 清水 康敬

出版者

日本生理人類学会

雑誌

日本生理人類学会誌 (ISSN:13423215)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.4, no.4, pp.173-180, 1999-11-25 (Released:2017-07-28)

参考文献数

15

被引用文献数

2

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The relationship between the strength (or duration) of physical exercise and a measure of mathematical ability (the calculating score) was examined. verified that the calculating score in the case of exercise (80W, 10minutes) was higher than that in the case of no exercise. It was found that the calculating score went up when the strength of physical exercise was modest (physical exercise of 5, 10 and 15 minutes), but the score went down when the strength was excessive. Next the relationship between the duration of physical exercise and the calculating score was investigated. It was shown that the strength of five minutes of exercise, where the calculating score became highest, was stronger than that of ten or fifteen minutes of exercise. The relationship between the heart rate and the calculating score was also shown.

著者

伊藤 理絵 本多 薫

出版者

日本生理人類学会

雑誌

日本生理人類学会誌 (ISSN:13423215)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, no.4, pp.83-89, 2010

参考文献数

11

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The purpose of this study is to examine how background music (BGM) influences the retrieval processes of pictures in memory. In this study, 9 subjects (4 males, 5 females) looked at three different pictures. Each picture was shown with a different piece of music playing in the background. None of the subjects knew that they would be asked about the music later. As a result, although the music was not consciously heard, the music itself has a factor that becomes associated with memory. Therefore, retrieval processes in memory are promoted by music. This indicates that humans use information that may not even be consciously identified to unify their confusing environment.

著者

Sang-Kab Park Jae-Hyun Park Yoo-Chan Kwon Ho-Sung Kim Mi-Suk Yoon Hyun-Tae Park

出版者

日本生理人類学会

雑誌

Journal of PHYSIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY and Applied Human Science (ISSN:13453475)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, no.3, pp.129-135, 2003 (Released:2003-06-01)

参考文献数

24

被引用文献数

41 91

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of combined aerobic and resistance training on abdominal fat. Our participants in the study consisted of thirty obese women. They were separated into three groups: a control group (n=10), an aerobic training group (n=10) and a combined training group (n=10). The aerobic training group was composed of 60–70% HRmax (intensity), 60 minutes a day (duration) for 6 days a week (frequency). The combined training group was separated into resistance training (3 days a week, Mon, Wed, Fri) and the aerobic training (3 days a week, Tue, Thu, Sat). The levels for abdominal fat volume were measured by determining the subcutaneous fat volume (SFV), visceral fat volume (VFV), and VFV/SFV by CT (computed tomography). The VO2max was significantly (p<0.05) increased in both groups. The subcutaneous fat and visceral fat levels were decreased in the combined training group more than in the aerobics training group. Also, the lean body mass (LBM) was significantly increased only in the combined training group. In addition, the total cholesterol, triglyceride and LDL-C were significantly (p<.05) decreased and the HDL-C was significantly (p<.05) increased in both groups. In conclusion, our results observed that combined training decreased abdominal subcutaneous fat and visceral fat more than aerobic training only.

著者

曽根 良昭

出版者

日本生理人類学会

雑誌

日本生理人類学会誌 (ISSN:13423215)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, no.1, pp.48-49, 2005-06-10

参考文献数

2

被引用文献数

1

著者

青木 朋子

出版者

日本生理人類学会

雑誌

日本生理人類学会誌 (ISSN:13423215)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, no.3, pp.167-171, 2014-08-25 (Released:2017-07-28)

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Many of our daily activities, especially dexterous manipulative actions, rely heavily on the remarkable versatility of our hands. Everyday experience infers that individual fingers differ in their facility of usage. A review of the literature revealed that the motor capacity of individual fingers in terms of isometric force generation is different. It was also found that information about dynamic motor ability of individual fingers is sparse. The overall purpose of our studies, I review in this paper, is to investigate the dynamic motor function of individual fingers in human by means of tapping tasks.

著者

福田 裕美

出版者

日本生理人類学会

雑誌

日本生理人類学会誌 (ISSN:13423215)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, no.1, pp.1-7, 2019 (Released:2019-04-15)

被引用文献数

1

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Previous studies have shown that unusual eating times, light exposure at night, and night/rotating shift work contribute to the disruption of the circadian rhythm resulting in higher risks of sleep disorder, obesity, cancers, in addition to adverse effects on mental status and academic performance. The present review explores how changes in the light and food environments with the times influence human biological rhythm and their potential relationships to metabolic syndromes as well as the slim body trend among young women, which is becoming a social problem in modern Japanese society. Additionally, previous studies on the effects of food and light environments have been introduced for insights on the problems triggered by biological rhythm disruption.

著者

棚橋 ひとみ 渋谷 惇夫 長 澄人 工藤 翔二

出版者

日本生理人類学会

雑誌

日本生理人類学会誌 (ISSN:13423215)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.4, no.1, pp.35-40, 1999-02-25 (Released:2017-07-28)

参考文献数

17

被引用文献数

1

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In this study, we examined how the height of the pillow on which a person's head rests affects the respiratory function. We measured tidal volume (TV), vital capacity(VC), expiratory reserve volume (ERV), forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV_<1.0>), percentage of forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV_<1.0>%), obstructive index (OI), and angle of the cervical region under the conditions of various pillow heights (3cm, 7cm, 11cm), pillow materials (urethane, buckwheat chaff feather), and postures (sitting position, supine position). The high pillow decreased VC, ERV and FEV_<l.0>, while increased OI. The subjects complained of a choking sensation in each of the experiments. The angle of the cervical region increased in direct proportion to the height of pillow and a choking sensation.

著者

中田 弘子 三輪 早苗 田淵 知世 小林 宏光

出版者

日本生理人類学会

雑誌

日本生理人類学会誌 (ISSN:13423215)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, no.1, pp.9-16, 2018 (Released:2018-04-20)

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This study aimed to use near infrared spectroscopy to demonstrate the effect of hand massages on cerebral activity. The subjects were 16 healthy female students between the ages of 18 and 40. All subjects were given 10-minute hand massages, primarily effleurage. During these sessions, prefrontal cortex oxy-hemoglobin concentrations (oxy-Hb) were continuously monitored and the results were compared with those of the control condition. Significantly lower oxy-Hb concentrations were recorded during the first five minutes of the massage session than that of the control condition. This suggests the possibility that a hand massage of about five minutes could be a patient care method that calms the activity of the prefrontal cortex and obtains a subjective relaxation effect.

著者

斉藤 昌之 若林 斉

出版者

日本生理人類学会

雑誌

日本生理人類学会誌 (ISSN:13423215)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.2, pp.27-37, 2022-05-25 (Released:2022-05-25)

参考文献数

45

被引用文献数

1

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Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a specialized tissue for non-shivering thermogenesis (NST) after cold exposure. Although BAT research has long been limited mostly in small rodents, the rediscovery of metabolically active BAT in adult humans has dramatically promoted the translational studies on BAT in health and diseases. In recent years, it has become clear that BAT cross-talks with some peripheral tissues and controls their functions and systemic homeostasis of energy and metabolic substrates. Moreover, it has been found that BAT contributes to NST after nutrient intake as well as cold exposure. Thus, BAT is a metabolic regulator beyond thermogenesis and a target against obesity and metabolic syndrome. This is supported by discovering that various paracrine and endocrine factors are secreted from BAT, called as BATkines. However, there is still few information about the genetic and environmental factors that determine the activity and amount of human BAT. Here, we review our current understanding on the pathophysiology of human BAT, including its seasonal and diurnal variations.

著者

大野 敦子 佐久川 千津子 矢田 幸博

出版者

日本生理人類学会

雑誌

日本生理人類学会誌 (ISSN:13423215)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, no.2, pp.23-32, 2020-05-25 (Released:2020-05-25)

参考文献数

24

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We have previously reported black tea aroma exhibits a sedative effect by suppressing sympathetic nerve activity and elevating parasympathetic nerve activity. Enhancement of sleep quality is also expected from the sedative effect of this aroma. The effect of black tea aroma on sleep in 20 women with high stress consciousness and sleep disorders; was evaluated in this study using data collected from questionnaires and physical activity measured over a 14 day test period. Psychological effects of reduced stress consciousness were improvement in sleep quality, and greater satisfaction with ease in falling and staying asleep; while physiological data showed reduced sleep latency, an increase in total sleep time, and a significant increase in sleep efficiency. These results strongly suggest black tea aroma improves overall sleep.

著者

須藤 元喜 上野 加奈子 大野 洋美 植田 章之 豊島 晴子 矢田 幸博

出版者

日本生理人類学会

雑誌

日本生理人類学会誌 (ISSN:13423215)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, no.2, pp.33-38, 2010-05-25 (Released:2017-07-28)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

1

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Many infants wear paper diapers during the gait-forming period. We measured electromyography during walking in 10 infants under 3 conditions, and analyzed the motion: naked, wearing a paper diaper, and wearing a paper diaper containing physiological saline. The gait test was repeated in the same infants after 4 months to investigate changes in the influence of paper diapers. In the first test, the muscle burden was not significantly increased by wearing a paper diaper alone, but that on the biceps femoris was significantly increased by a paper diaper containing saline. In the second test 4 months later, the burden on the biceps femoris due to a paper diaper and that containing saline were significantly decreased. Motion analysis detected the minimum distance between the bilateral knees was significantly broadened when wearing a diaper containing saline in the second test.

著者

青地 克頼 今木 雅英 松本 和興 棚田 成紀

出版者

日本生理人類学会

雑誌

日本生理人類学会誌 (ISSN:13423215)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.5, no.2, pp.111-114, 2000-05-25 (Released:2017-07-28)

参考文献数

14

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A case control study was conducted on the relationship between the serum Magnesium content(related to Magnesium that is relatively readily obtained from the body)and life-style related diseases(e.g., hypertension, heart diseases, diabetes mellitus, and liver diseases)among individuals who were employed at a large plant. The serum Magnesium content was significantly low in the group with a systolic pressure of 180 mmHg. No statistically significant difference was noted between the groups with a diastolic pressure below and above 95 mmHg. A comparison of the serum Magnesium contents between patients with is chemic heart diseases, diabetes mellitus, or hepatic diseases and the control indicated no statistically significant difference. Actually the serum Magnesium content of the control tended to be higher.

著者

谷口 啓子 小坂 和江 藤井 わか子 曽根 良昭

出版者

日本生理人類学会

雑誌

日本生理人類学会誌 (ISSN:13423215)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, no.2, pp.55-61, 2014-05-25 (Released:2017-07-28)

被引用文献数

2

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We evaluated the effects of ingestion of a soluble indigestible dextrin on the defecation in 22 late elderly residents in a nursing home. The experimental duration was 8 weeks, which was consisting of before-administration period (2 weeks), administration period (4 weeks) and after-administration period (2 weeks). Subjects took 100 ml green tea containing 10 g of indigestible dextrin at every afternoon tea time for 4 weeks in the administration period. In the results, the subjects' estimated fecal characteristics significantly improved in the administration and after-administration periods compared to those in the before-administration period. While, there was no significant difference in the defecation frequency or in the frequency of laxative administration in the experimental periods.

著者

室山 幸太郎 衣畑 加代子 山下 久仁子 室崎 伸二 山本 佳弘 渡辺 裕彦 曾根 良昭

出版者

日本生理人類学会

雑誌

日本生理人類学会誌 (ISSN:13423215)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, no.3, pp.93-99, 2005-08-25 (Released:2017-07-28)

参考文献数

23

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Our previous experimental results have shown that a mixture of thiamin, arginine, caffeine and citric acid (TACC) has an enhancement effect on fat metabolism in mice and human. In this study we examined the effect of tea ingestion, which was supplemented with TACC, on energy expenditure during a rest and an exercise period from the viewpoint of fat metabolism (utilization) in healthy subjects. A single-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study was carried out to compare the energy expenditure after ingestion of TACC-supplemented tea (thiamin, arginine, caffeine, and citric acid; 1.1, 1240, 52, and 540mg, respectively) or control tea on two consecutive days, in 10 healthy male and female subjects (aged 21-27y) in experiment 1. After the tea ingestion, subjects sat on a chair for 30 min followed by treadmill walking (5km/hr) for 30 min. Respiratory quotient (RQ) and oxygen consumption (VO2) were measured during rest and exercise periods. A double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study was performed in 14 healthy female subjects (aged 21-22y) in experiment 2, of which study design was the same as that of experiment 1 except for an additional measurement of RQ and VO2 before ingestion of the tea for 30 min in the sitting position. As results, total energy expenditure and fat oxidation were similar between the two cases (ingestion of control tea and TACC-tea) during the rest period after tea ingestion both in experiment 1 and experiment 2. On the contrary, treadmill walking resulted in about three-fold increase in total energy expenditure; however, fat oxidation during the exercise was significantly greater in the case of TACC-tea than in the control tea case in the both experiments. This effect of TACC-supplementation, enhanced fat oxidation and energy expenditure, seemed to be positively proportional to subjects' Body Mass Index.

著者

板橋 義三

出版者

日本生理人類学会

雑誌

日本生理人類学会誌 (ISSN:13423215)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, no.1, pp.45-53, 2015

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This paper is an attempt to deal with the origins and formation of the Japanese language, in the light of mostly linguistic aspects of the neighboring languages, such as Old Korean, Old Chinese, Proto-Austronesian, and some archeological aspects. This notion is also based on a linguistic theory that the Japanese is formed through time with language contacts with the neighboring languages mentioned above. This also discusses the particular aspects of language contact of each language and language family in order to suggest that Japanese has been formed by language contacts with those languages.