著者

大門正克 [ほか] 編

出版者

大月書店

巻号頁・発行日

2013

著者

田山花袋 著

出版者

富田文陽堂

巻号頁・発行日

1917

著者

Ueda Hiroaki

出版者

筑波大学出版会

巻号頁・発行日

pp.1-264, 2014-03

著者

亀井 伸孝

出版者

愛知県立大学高等言語教育研究所

雑誌

ことばの世界 : 愛知県立大学高等言語教育研究所年報 (ISSN:1884006X)

巻号頁・発行日

no.6, pp.27-38, 2014-03

著者

瀬戸口 明久

出版者

日本科学史学会生物学史分科会

雑誌

生物学史研究 (ISSN:03869539)

巻号頁・発行日

no.72, pp.138-141, 2003-12

著者

白井秀雄[ほか]共編

出版者

思い出集世話人

巻号頁・発行日

1968

著者

林 泰弘 松木 純也 鈴木 良治 武藤 英司

出版者

The Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan

雑誌

電気学会論文誌. B (ISSN:03854213)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.125, no.9, pp.846-854, 2005

被引用文献数

34 17

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Sending voltage profile of distribution feeder is controlled by changing a tap of distribution transformer. In a distribution network with distributed generators, for reasons of effect of reversed flows from them and existence of a great number of sending voltage profile candidates, it is not easy to control sending voltage profile within the acceptable voltage limit. In this paper, in order to determine the optimal sending voltage profile of distribution transformer in a distribution network with distributed generators, the authors propose a new method to determine the optimal sending voltage profile so as to minimize total number of tap position's change per day under constraints of acceptable voltage limit. In the proposed method, after calculating acceptable range of three phase voltage of distribution feeder, the optimal profile of tap position within the calculated acceptable voltage range is determined among these candidates by using reduced ordered binary decision diagram (ROBDD) which is an efficient enumeration algorithm. In order to check the validity of the proposed method, numerical simulations are carried out for a distribution network model with a distributed generator.

著者

浅倉 むつ子

出版者

早稲田大学

雑誌

基盤研究(C)

巻号頁・発行日

2014-04-01

---

研究成果の概要:雇用分野における複合差別禁止法理が有する差別の是正・救済可能性を明らかにするために、近年のイギリス、EU、日本の雇用差別をめぐる立法動向と判例法理について研究した。これら一連の研究から、イギリスの2010年平等法が各種の差別是正について効果をあげていること、日本にも存在するマイノリティ女性の複合的差別状況の解決を図る方法としては包括的差別禁止立法の構想が重要であることが明らかになった。

著者

須田 耕樹 上野 健一

出版者

公益社団法人 東京地学協会

雑誌

地学雑誌 (ISSN:0022135X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.123, no.1, pp.35-47, 2014-02-25 (Released:2014-03-07)

参考文献数

24

被引用文献数

1 5

---

The distribution of weather divides in Japanese winters was identified using 30-year data of the Automated Meteorological Data Acquisition System (AMeDAS) operated by the Japan Meteorological Agency. Two kinds of weather divide were defined, one is a cloudy weather divide (CWD) determined by the high-frequency grids of large gradients in the sunshine duration distribution, and the other is a precipitation area border (PAB) where the edge of daily precipitation areas frequently appeared. The CWD appeared continuously in eastern Japan along the Pacific backbone ranges, but it was discontinuous in the central mountain ranges and western Japan. The CWD also appeared in Pacific coastal areas, such as east of Kamikouchi, south of the Kii Peninsula, and southeast of Shikoku Sanchi. The PAB overlapped with the CWD distribution in eastern Japan, and it was enhanced throughout the Sekigahara-Tamba Kochi and Chugoku Sanchi areas, but the CWD in pacific coastal areas was not associated with the PAB. Most of the weather divides were caused by the winter monsoon pressure pattern, and some PABs in northwestern Tohoku and Hokkaido areas occurred with passing pacific coastal extratropical cyclones. The distribution of the weather divides in cold-winter years was dependent on the dominance of Satoyuki/Yamayuki weather patterns, and weather divides became unclear in warm winters.

著者

森 佳子

雑誌

演劇研究センター紀要II 早稲田大学21世紀COEプログラム 〈演劇の総合的研究と演劇学の確立〉

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2, pp.141-150, 2004-01-31

著者

Dennis V. UMALI Hiroshi ITO Hiromitsu KATOH Toshihiro ITO

出版者

公益社団法人 日本獣医学会

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.76, no.3, pp.423-430, 2014 (Released:2014-04-01)

参考文献数

27

被引用文献数

6 17

---

Relatively little is known about the distribution of avian paramyxoviruses (APMVs) among wild birds in Japan. Surveillance of APMV in migratory waterfowl was conducted in the San-in region of western Japan during winters of 2006 to 2012. A total of 16 avian paramyxoviruses consisting of 3 lentogenic Newcastle disease viruses (NDVs), 12 APMV-4 and 1 APMV-8 were isolated from 1,967 wild-bird fecal samples. The results show that NDV and APMV-4 are relatively widely distributed among wild waterfowl that migrate to Japan from northern regions. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that there was no genetic relationship between the isolates from wild birds and domestic poultry in Japan. However, surveillance of APMVs in wild waterfowl needs to be conducted due to the pathogenic potential of these isolates in domestic poultry.

著者

Jiale FU Feng PAN Shinichi KAKUDA Sharanbir K SIDHU Takatsumi IKEDA Yasuko NAKAOKI Denis SELIMOVIC Hidehiko SANO

出版者

日本歯科理工学会

雑誌

Dental Materials Journal (ISSN:02874547)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, no.6, pp.1075-1081, 2012-11-30 (Released:2012-12-01)

参考文献数

22

被引用文献数

2 13

---

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of air-blowing duration on the bonding performance of all-in-one systems using the same pressure (0.25 MPa). Three all-in-one systems were: EB (Easy Bond, 3M ESPE, USA), BB (BeautiBond, Shofu Inc., Japan) and GBp (G-Bond plus, GC Corporation, Japan). After adhesive application, the 3 systems were air-blown thereafter using 7 different durations (5 s, 10 s, 15 s, 20 s, 25 s, 30 s and 35 s). Bond strengths to dentin were determined using µTBS test after 24 h water storage. In addition, evaluation of both the resin-dentin interface and the fractured surface on the dentin side were performed by SEM. The maximum µTBS for each system, BB (40.4±14.8 MPa), EB (79.8±16.5 MPa), and GBp (47.3±17.6 MPa), were recorded with 15 s, 15 s and 25 s air-blowing duration respectively. Under the same air-pressure, the air-blowing duration could affect evaporation and the thickness of the adhesive layer, which contributed to the different bond strengths.

著者

大蔵省印刷局 [編]

出版者

日本マイクロ写真

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1939年05月23日, 1939-05-23

著者

大蔵省印刷局 [編]

出版者

日本マイクロ写真

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1946年08月16日, 1946-08-16

著者

小野 和哉

出版者

日本精神病理学会

雑誌

臨床精神病理 (ISSN:03893723)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.21, no.1, pp.31-52, 2000-04-10

被引用文献数

6

著者

菊地 康人

出版者

日本語学会

雑誌

國語學 (ISSN:04913337)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, no.1, pp.46-60, 155-156, 2000-06-30

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ヨウダ・ラシイを中心に,標記各語の互いに類似する用法について,比較検討する。ヨウダは<対象を直接観察し,観察に密着した一体のものとして様子を述べる>場合に,ラシイは<観察に推論を加えて,または伝聞に基づいて,判断内容を述べる>場合に使う。<観察対象と判断内容の距離>が近いと捉えればヨウダ,遠いと捉えればラシイが使われるといってもよい。「観察に密着して様子が見てとれる」とも,「観察に推論を加えた結果そう判断される」とも捉えられる場合は,ヨウダもラシイも使える。なお,伝聞用法のラシイとソウダの違いは,前者が<信じるに足る>という判断を加えて採用するプロセスを含むのに対し,後者は<そのまま伝える>点にある。様態のソウダは<現実とは区別して捉えられた`可能世界'を思い描いて述べる(また,現実がそのように思い描かせるような性質をそなえている)>場合に,ダロウは<見当をつけて述べる>場合に使う。

著者

Kazuhide NAKAGAKI Yuka NUNOMURA Kanji UCHIDA Koh NAKATA Ryushi TAZAWA

出版者

公益社団法人 日本獣医学会

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.14-0056, (Released:2014-05-15)

被引用文献数

1 1

---

Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is a pleiotropic cytokine, sharing a common beta subunit (CDw131) with interleukins 3 and 5. GM-CSF is important for its direct and indirect involvement in host defense. In veterinary medicine, human (h) GM-CSF has been used as a substitute for canine GM-CSF to stimulate canine granulocytes and macrophages. In this study, we compared the effects of three distinct hGM-CSFs produced by bacteria, yeasts and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells with those of Escherichia(E)coli-produced canine GM-CSF on the cluster of differentiation 11b (CD11b) expression in canine granulocytes. The median effective dose (ED50) of hGM-CSFs from bacteria, yeasts, and CHO cells was 3.09, 4.09 and 4.27 ng/ml, respectively, with no significant difference among three. In contrast, a significant difference was observed between ED50 of canine GM-CSF (0.56 ng/ml) and three hGM-CSFs according to the paired t-test (P<0.05). We conclude that hGM-CSF can activate canine granulocytes, but the average activity of the three rhGM-CSFs was approximately 15% of that of canine GM-CSF.

著者

Shingo MAEDA Koichi OHNO Kazuyuki UCHIDA Hirotaka IGARASHI Yuko GOTO-KOSHINO Yasuhito FUJINO Hajime TSUJIMOTO

出版者

JAPANESE SOCIETY OF VETERINARY SCIENCE

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.14-0060, (Released:2014-05-15)

被引用文献数

7 16

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Serine proteases elicit cellular responses via protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR-2) which is known to regulate inflammation and the immune response. Although the gastrointestinal tract is exposed to large amounts of proteolytic enzymes, the role of PAR-2 in canine inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) remains unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of PAR-2 activation on inflammatory cytokine/chemokine gene expression in canine intestine and the expression of intestinal PAR-2 and fecal serine protease activity in dogs with IBD. Duodenal biopsies from healthy dogs were cultured and treated ex vivo with trypsin or PAR-2 agonist peptide, and inflammatory cytokine/chemokine gene expression in the tissues was then quantified by real-time PCR. PAR-2 mRNA and protein expression levels in the duodenal mucosa were examined by real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Fecal serine protease activity was determined by azocasein assay. In ex vivo-cultured duodenum, trypsin and PAR-2 agonist peptide induced significant up-regulation of mRNA expression levels of interleukin-1 β (IL-1β), IL-8, mucosae-associated epithelial chemokine (MEC) and fractalkine, and this up-regulation was inhibited by a serine protease inhibitor. Duodenal PAR-2 mRNA and protein expression levels were higher in dogs with IBD than in healthy control dogs. Fecal serine protease activity was significantly elevated in dogs with IBD, and the level of activity correlated positively with the clinical severity score. These results suggest that PAR-2 may contribute to the pathogenesis of canine IBD by inducing expression of inflammatory mediators in response to luminal serine proteases.

著者

Satoshi NOZAWA Hitomi ODA Ran AKIYAMA Kaori UEDA Kaori SAEKI Saori SHONO Natsuki MARUYAMA Atsuki MURATA Hiroyuki TAZAKI Akihiro MORI Yutaka MOMOTA Daigo AZAKAMI Toshinori SAKO Katsumi ISHIOKA

出版者

JAPANESE SOCIETY OF VETERINARY SCIENCE

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.14-0033, (Released:2014-05-15)

被引用文献数

2 5

---

Hyperadrenocorticism (HAC) is a common endocrine disorder in dogs, in which excess glucocorticoid causes insulin resistance. Disturbance of insulin action may be caused by multiple factors, including transcriptional modulation of insulin signal molecules which lie downstream of insulin binding to insulin receptors. In this study, gene expressions of insulin signal molecules were examined using neutrophils of the HAC dogs (the untreated dogs and the dogs which had been treated with trilostane). Insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1, IRS-2, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-K), protein kinase B/Akt kinase (Akt)-2 and protein kinase C (PKC)-lambda were analyzed in the HAC dogs and compared with those from normal dogs. The IRS-1 gene expressions decreased by 37% and 35% of the control dogs in the untreated and treated groups, respectively. The IRS-2 gene expressions decreased by 61% and 72%, the PI3-K gene expressions decreased by 47% and 55% and the Akt-2 gene expressions decreased by 45% and 56% of the control dogs, similarly. Collectively, gene expressions of insulin signal molecules are suppressed in the HAC dogs, which may partially contribute to the induction of insulin resistance.

著者

山本 淳

出版者

立命館大学

雑誌

立命館文學 (ISSN:02877015)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.630, pp.693-700, 2013-03