著者
岡田 文弘
出版者
東京大学大学院人文社会系研究科・文学部インド哲学仏教学研究室
雑誌
インド哲学仏教学研究 (ISSN:09197907)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.21, pp.105-117, 2014-03-31

The Dai Nihonkoku Hokekyō Genki (大日本国法華経験記), is an eleventh-century collection of Buddhist tales written by the monk Chingen (鎮源). In this Genki, there are many stories concerning non-human beings (called irui, 異類), and this study is aims to examine how such beings are depicted in this work. Specifically, it focuses on the story of “Iga o kuni hō’on zennan” (伊賀国報恩善男, Episode no. 106). This tale depicts a beggar-monk who by elucidates the fate of a woman had been reborn as a cow, and by doing so, saves her. In this paper, I discuss how non-human beings feature in Genki episode 106, and show how these unique features may have arisen from Chingen’s Lotus Sūtra-inspired thought. Chingen wrote this tale based on one of the stories in the Nihon-ryōiki (日本霊異記, vol. 2, story no. 15) and the Sanbō-ekotoba (三宝絵詞, vol. 2, story no. 11). Furthermore, a version of this story appears later in the Konjaku Monogatari shū (今昔物語集, vol. 14, story no. 13). By comparing these four tales, this research aims to find what elements are original to Chingen’s Genki. For example, we find that Chingen cut out a description of the miraculousness of the Heart Sūtra (Hannya-Shingyō, 般若心経) and replaced it with text in praise of a monk (i.e. zanbun, 賛文), based on a section of the Lotus Sūtra (Hoke-kyō, 法華 経). Next, I considered what meaning these unique aspects of episode 106 of Chingen’s Genki would have had in context, with respect to his specific audience. In other variations of the story, the merit gained from copying the Lotus Sūtra by the son of the woman who had been reborn as cow, is combined with the merit from the hannya darani (般若陀羅尼) said by the monk, and given to the cow. That is to say, the one who is saved (the cow-woman), and the ones who do the salvific act (the monk and the cow-womans son) are depicted in simple contradistinction. However, in the Genki, the monk is regarded to have received the power of the Lotus Sūtra, and advanced from a common human being to a saint, and as a result, both the cowwoman and the monk have come to be arranged in parallel as subjects who receive the Lotus Sūtra’s power. That is to say, in the Genki, the one who does the saving (the monk) and one who is saved (the cow-woman) are not in a simple contradistinction as above, but are dependent on each other for salvation by the power of the Lotus Sūtra. Furthermore, I suggest that the “ten worlds theory” (jūkkai-setsu, 十界説) which Chingen refers to in the preface, is one background factor that may have influenced how these special features of Genki no.106 came about.
著者
佐藤 亮洋
巻号頁・発行日
2010-03-24
著者
大橋 慎平 永野 優季 加藤 克 河合 俊郎 矢部 衞
雑誌
北海道大学水産科学研究彙報 (ISSN:13461842)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.64, no.2, pp.55-69, 2014-07-31

Approximately 3,500 fish specimens were transferred from the Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University to the Fisheries Science Center, Hokkaido University Museum (HUMZ). The authors identified fishes from at least 16 orders, 57 families, 109 genera and 145 species. Although most specimens were collected around Japanese waters, several species were collected from other areas, e.g., Eleginops maclovinus (Eleginopsidae) from Chile and Luciocephalus pulcher (Osphronemidae) from India.
著者
深瀬 忠一
出版者
北海道大学法学部
雑誌
北大法学論集 (ISSN:03855953)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.15, no.2, pp.95-120, 1964-11-14
著者
溝上 恵
出版者
東京大学地震研究所
雑誌
東京大學地震研究所彙報 = Bulletin of the Earthquake Research Institute, University of Tokyo (ISSN:00408972)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.55, no.2, pp.483-504, 1980-11-15

It has been pointed out from geological and geomorphological evidences that the time rate of undulatory crustal movement shows a remarkable dependence on its wavelength. Specific studies on the problem were made by MATSUDA (1960, 1961, 1964), KAIZUKA (1967, 1968) and OTA (1968, 1969). KAIZUKA compared the rate of folding in the Quaternary with the mode of undulatory crustal movements in the present. He indicated such regularities of folding as the smaller the wavelength, the greater the rate of folding and the rate of present folding is in the same order with that of the Quaternary folding.
著者
飯高 隆 中村 功 溝上 恵
出版者
東京大学地震研究所
雑誌
東京大學地震研究所彙報 = Bulletin of the Earthquake Research Institute, University of Tokyo (ISSN:00408972)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.64, no.1, pp.37-50, 1989-06-30

関東地方においては,これまでに地震波速度構造の不均質性について様々な研究がなされてきた.これらの研究の結果,太平洋プレート,フィリピン海プレートの沈み込みが示された.このように複雑な構造をした地域において,沈み込むプレートの形状を求めることは,大変重要なことである.東京大学地震研究所の日立(HIT)の観測点の地震波記録で,P波とS波の間に立ち上がりのはっきりした後続波が見られた.この研究では,この後続波が,沈み込む太平洋プレート上面でPS変換された波であることを明らかにし,この変換波を用いて沈み込む太平洋プレート上面の深さを求めた.このように変換波を用いる方法は,プレート上面の深さを求めるのに有効であることが知られている.この研究において,関東地方下で求められた太平洋プレート上面は,日立の観測点下で約60kmの深さに求まり,その面は2重深発面の上面にほぼ一致した.また,この深さはS波の反射から求められた結果(小原,1987)と矛盾しない.
著者
溝上 恵
出版者
東京大学地震研究所
雑誌
地震研究所研究速報
巻号頁・発行日
vol.12, pp.41-56, 1974-03

It should be emphasized that when using an array to determine directly dT/dΔ for the study of the structure of the Earth's deep interior, the necessity for the correction for the near surface structures is inevitable, particularly in such a region as the Kii Peninsula where existence of a dipping Moho-discontinuity is expected. A teleseismic slowness vector analysis method given by Zengeni(1970) is applied for the study of the diwing Moho-discontinuity in the Kii Peninsula.
著者
松田 時彦 恒石 幸正
出版者
東京大学地震研究所
雑誌
東京大學地震研究所彙報 = Bulletin of the Earthquake Research Institute, University of Tokyo (ISSN:00408972)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.48, no.6, pp.1267-1279, 1971-02-27

A locally destructive earthquake with magnitude 6.6 occurred in Okumino area, Gifu Prefecture, Central Japan on September 9, 1969 (Fig. 1). The damage area is underlain mainly by Paleozoic formations and Cretaceous rhyolitic pyroclastic deposits, which are partly covered with dissected Quaternary volcanoes (Figs. 2 and 3). A number of Quaternary faults which are dominantly of strike-slip nature, occur in Central Japan which includes the epicentral area (Fig. 6). The epicentral area is located about 10km west of a main fault of the Atera fault system, which is an active left-lateral strikeslip fault of Central Japan. Although a few active faults are in the meisoseismal area, no definite evidence of surface faulting was found along any active fault, except some echelon cracks suggesting a left-slip on a fault line at one locality. The push pull distribution of P waves (Fig. 1), the distribution of aftershocks and the shape of the meisoseismal area (Fig. 5) suggest the concealed seismic fault to be a northwest-trending left-lateral strike-slip fault, which strikes parallel to the Atera fault and has the same sense of displacement. The direction of maximum pressure of the present earthquake corresponds well with the Quaternary stress direction, which has been inferred from the study of active fault systems in Central Japan.
著者
伯野 元彦
出版者
東京大学地震研究所
雑誌
東京大學地震研究所彙報 = Bulletin of the Earthquake Research Institute, University of Tokyo (ISSN:00408972)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.48, no.6, pp.1287-1294, 1971-02-27

The following features are pointed out concerning the damage of structures by the recent Sept. 9, 1969 earthquake in the Gifu Prefecture in Japan. i)It is supposed that the acceleration of the ground motion is more than 350 gals, due to the behavior of gravestones, however, the damage of structures is not so severe. The reason might be the fact that the epicenter of the earthquake is in the mountainous region, so the frequency content of the ground motion concentrations in a higher frequency domain. ii)The damage of the following structures are severe, A)Road, highway going through the slope of mountains, B)Masonry retaining wall, C)Failure of the forest area, iii) Almost no damage was found in Wooden Houses.
著者
篠原 孝
出版者
京都大学
巻号頁・発行日
2001-07-23

新制・論文博士
著者
谷口 勇仁
出版者
北海道大学大学院経済学研究科
雑誌
經濟學研究 (ISSN:04516265)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.59, no.3, pp.179-187, 2009-12-10

2000年6月に発生した雪印乳業株式会社の集団食中毒事件は社会的に大きな注目を浴び,製品の安全性に関するエポックメイキングな事件として位置づけられている。また,学術的にも,雪印乳業集団食中毒事件は様々な観点から検討がなされている。特に,食中毒事件の発生原因について,直接の原因や組織的原因等,様々な要因が検討されている。 本稿では,雪印乳業集団食中毒事件の発生原因について考察された研究を検討し,その発生原因として指摘されている様々な要因について整理・検討を行うことを目的とする。まず,雪印乳業集団食中毒事件について概観し,雪印乳業集団食中毒事件に関する公式見解とメディアの見解を検討する。その後,雪印乳業集団食中毒事件の発生原因について考察している先行研究を整理し,(1)競争環境の激化,(2)事故経験の忘却,(3)利益優先主義の企業風土,(4)安全意識の欠落という要因を抽出した。
著者
茂木 清夫
出版者
東京大学地震研究所
雑誌
東京大學地震研究所彙報 = Bulletin of the Earthquake Research Institute, University of Tokyo (ISSN:00408972)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.60, no.3, pp.401-428, 1986-02-07

過去数10年にわたる大きい地震及び近年の徴小池震の線状配列から,男鹿半島と牡鹿半島を通って東北地方を横切る北西-南東の活構造線の存在が推定される.海底地形や地殻変動のデータもこの存在を示唆する.1983年の日本海中部地震は,この構造線が日本海東縁の構造境界に会合するという特異な場所で起ったもので,その余震の分布の特徴もこのことを示している.日本海溝,男鹿半島-牡鹿半島構造線,日本海東縁の構造境界及び北海道と本州の間の境界によって囲まれた地域が一つのブロックを形成し,これが東西圧縮応力場にある.日本海中部地震はこの東西圧縮応力が特に集中しやすい所に起った地震であり,ここでは日本海側としては例外的に大きい地震がくり返し起ってきた.1978年宮城県沖地震の震源域では大地震が頻繁に繰返し発生しているが,ここも男鹿半島-牡鹿半島構造線が日本海溝沿いのSubduction Zoneに達したという構造的に特異な所である.