著者

深沢 佳那子 Kanako Fukazawa

出版者

学習院大学大学院人文科学研究科

雑誌

学習院大学人文科学論集 = Gakushuin University studies in humanities (ISSN:09190791)

巻号頁・発行日

no.24, pp.187-226, 2015-10

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This report is about the description of private parts in Japanese mythology.Japanese mythology has a lot of stories about female private parts.The fi rst time this appeared is the scene when Izanami gave birth to Kagutsuchi who is the god of fi re. Due to this,Izanami’s private part is burned and dies. This is the origin of fi re story, Izanami is believed as mother goddess. There was faith that mother goddess gave birth to something valuable for humans in the ancient age.Originally, private parts relate to giving birth and living. However in this story, it relates to death as well as in O-getsuhime and Ukemochi stories described below.After the deaths of O-getsuhime and Ukemochi, grains grow from some parts of their corpses including their private parts.They are mother goddess and ancient people believed that mother goddess gave fertility after they were killed. We can see the same belief in Dogu and bowl in Jomon era, and in the background of Izanami’s story.In the story of Yamatototohimomosohime, female private part relate to death as well. Since Yamatototohimomosohime broke a taboo, she cannot get married to O-mononushi. In which she dies by getting a chopstick stabbed in her private part.There is a similar story in Ama-no-iwayado mythology also. It is a story of Hataorime, who dies due to her job tool shuttle stabbed in her private part.Yamatototohimomosohime’s death means retaliation and Hataorime’s death is what causes the story of Amaterasu to hide in the iwayado. Both deaths include negative elements, the deaths are not normal. Thus, when female private parts are broken, it symbolized a negative death for goddesses. This is because female private parts symbolize life itself and woman.Breaking female private parts means stopping life and negative death to denial woman.However, in the Ninuriya mythology, stabbing the private part causes birth. Due to a red arrow stabbing Seyadatarahime’s private part, she becomes pregnant. In this story, red arrow means male private part, and female private part relate to life.Since female private part relates to life originally, the story of stabbing female private part in which caused death was made paradoxically.Amenouzume’ s story is one of the most famous for female private part story. In the story, female private part has exorcism power, in which she exposes her private part to make the gods laugh. This then led to Amaterasu to come out from the iwayado. The female private part in this story means women’s holy power. However, in the background of the story the gods laugh at the female private part show, that there is male society and thought that men believed women’s holy power.On the other hand, there is no story about male private parts.Although, in the jomon era, Japanese ancient people made many stone fi gures that were shaped in male private parts. The male private part fi gure, Sekibo symbolized energy and god who can bless bad spirits. Male symbol was believed as a single existence, are independent from the male's body. It was not faith in men but in the private part. That is why there are no stories which god’s private parts were emphasized.However in the ancient times, there was no culture to make fi gures of female private parts. Dogu is famous for women’s body statue, but there are seldom representations of the private parts. Dogu has breasts and represents of pregnancy. It is bound for the faith of mother goddess. Due to this, the faith of mother goddess is from not the female private parts, but the mother goddess’s body.Though, it was believed that female private parts held holy power, the two beliefs had seemed to coexist.In order to show the coexistence, the classifi cation of “ideal woman” and “actual woman” that Kazuo Matsumura advocated was used. Amaterasu who is a virgin goddess is pure and clean, who represents the ideal woman. On the other hand, Izanami who experienced pregnancy, dead world, divorce represents an actual woman. These images were made by male society. Izanami gave birth by using female private part as an actual woman and not as mother goddess. The belief in mother goddess gives birth something valuable for human is in goddess body.Ukemochi and O-getsuhime mythologies are the origins of agriculture story. In these stories, female private parts appear,but there is no special meaning. They are mother goddess and give birth to something valuable, but there is no individual belief for female private parts.However people believed that private parts held holy power. In the ancient era, there was faith that women held holy power, in their female private parts which symbolized women.Then, Breaking the symbol of living and women, causes goddess’s negative death. Yamatotohimomosohime and Hataorime mythologies express this. Breaking private parts what are originally giving birth causes death. When they died a negative death, their private parts, which symbolized of women’s holy power, were broken. By doing so, this made a denial their dignity.On the other hand, Seyadatarahime’s Ninuriya story is simply about sex and birth. Sometimes people believed female private parts as use for reproduction, and it did not relate to faith in mother goddess and fertility.Izanami’s story is complexly structured. It is made from three elements, 1) primitive faith that mother goddess gave birth to god of fi re, 2) actual women who gave birth by using her female private part, 3) negative death by breaking the female private part, and it bound for uncleanness of death. Izanami gave birth as mother goddess, but the giving birth by using female private part is not derived from the personality of mother goddess. It is as an actual woman, and, the private part was a “device that is broke” to denial woman.Female private parts in Japanese mythology means symbol of living that is from the function, moreover, it means woman’s symbol. People believed that women’s holy power is in female private parts.Female and male private parts cannot be represented as a whole. This is due to the different beliefs in which the ancient people held.

著者

大石 司

出版者

Waseda University

巻号頁・発行日

2005-01

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制度:新 ; 文部省報告番号:甲1993号 ; 学位の種類:博士(工学) ; 授与年月日:2005/3/15 ; 早大学位記番号:新3923

著者

徳田 和夫 Kazuo Tokuda

出版者

学習院女子大学

雑誌

学習院女子大学紀要 = Bulletin of Gakushuin Women's College (ISSN:13447378)

巻号頁・発行日

no.24, pp.29-56, 2022-03

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2021年8月21日に杉並区立郷土博物館の企画展示「百鬼ぞくぞく妖怪ワンダーランド」展にて「豆腐地蔵と豆腐小僧」と題して、また資料を補って同年10月16日に伝承文学研究会(東京例会)にて「豆腐小僧あらわる : 地蔵菩薩の応化」と題しての講演をもとにしている。

著者

中村 弓子

出版者

早稲田大学国際教養学部

雑誌

Waseda Global Forum (ISSN:13497766)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.8, pp.183-209, 2012-03

著者

大沼 清仁 植木 勉 平野 千博 今井 寛 第2調査研究グループ

出版者

科学技術政策研究所

雑誌

調査資料 (Research Material)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.097,

著者

土田 映子

出版者

北海道大学大学院国際広報メディア・観光学院

雑誌

国際広報メディア・観光学ジャーナル

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, pp.13-25, 2013-10-25

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This paper examines how the ideology of technological utopianism was represented in Chicago's Century of Progress Exposition (1933-34), and how much and in what ways the city's immigrant groups that took part in the fair were involved in the fair's predominant ideology that celebrated technological progress. At the fair, the diverse national groups competed against each other in the displays of their contributions to America and their achievements in technology. While Western nations generally had something to boast about their technological achievements, non- Western nations mostly lacked them, and instead resorted to the displays of traditional culture and exoticism. For visitors to the fair, this dichotomy may have offered a world view that divided nations into those that were deemed capable of using the power of technology in order to work toward a perfect society, and those left out from that process.

著者

小山 貞夫

出版者

東北大学法学会

雑誌

法学 = HŌGAKU (THE JOURNAL OF LAW AND POLITICAL SCIENCE) (ISSN:03855082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.84, no.2, pp.106-145, 2020-09-30

著者

坂野 鉄也

出版者

滋賀大学経済学部

雑誌

滋賀大学経済学部 Working Paper Series

巻号頁・発行日

no.No. 306, pp.1-56, 2021-08

著者

前田 啓朗

出版者

金沢大学外国語教育研究センター = Foreign Language Institute, Kanazawa University

雑誌

外国語教育フォーラム = Forum of Language Instructors (ISSN:18842356)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.4, pp.13-26, 2010-03-01

著者

土倉 莞爾

出版者

関西大学法学会

雑誌

關西大學法學論集 (ISSN:0437648X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.71, no.5, pp.1159-1189, 2022-01-24

著者

菅原 慶乃

出版者

関西大学アジア・オープン・リサーチセンター

雑誌

KU-ORCASが開くデジタル化時代の東アジア文化研究 : オープン・プラットフォームで浮かび上がる、新たな東アジアの姿

巻号頁・発行日

pp.279-293, 2022-03-31

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Established in 1943 to exclusively screen Japanese movies, Roxy Theatre was located at the frontline of the "movie war" conducted by the Japanese military government. The theatre and its operator, the China Film Company, tried to open the way for Japanese films to expand into the Settlement, which was Japanese film policy's aim during wartime; however, this project of Japanese films' expansion did not proceed according to plan. One of the most rigid barriers to the project was that moviegoers in Shanghai paid little attention to Japanese films. This led the theatre to take various actions to arbitrarily manipulate Shanghai moviegoers' impressions of Japanese films. The theatre not only excluded Japanese films that contained elements they considered inappropriate but also re-edited original films to cut scenes that they thought misled Chinese moviegoers. Utilizing the cinema brochure, "Roxy," as their propaganda tool was their most significant action. According to the collection of the Asia Open Research Center of Kansai University, which has been digitalizing sixty-two volumes of Roxy, the brochure introduced a large number of Japanese movie stars by claiming that they had an "oriental appeal" to differentiate them from Hollywood movie stars and also that they deserved to replace Hollywood movie stars. Further, the theatre insisted on introducing Japanese historical drama, jidaigeki, to spread the notion of bushido, or the spirit of the samurai warrior, but in vain. The theatre also tried to organize a fan community for Japanese films, and the Japanese Film Fan Club was formed in January 1944, but it was discontinued seven months later. All these failures of the theatre indicated that it was not fully able to contribute to the expansion of Japanese films into the Settlement, although the staff operating the theatre was faithful to their mission.

著者

木下 尚子

出版者

熊本大学

雑誌

文学部論叢 (ISSN:03887073)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, pp.96-123, 1996-03-20

著者

江川 陽介

出版者

[出版者不明]

巻号頁・発行日

2007-01

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制度:新 ; 文部省報告番号:甲2316号 ; 学位の種類:博士(人間科学) ; 授与年月日:2007/1/24 ; 早大学位記番号:新4376

著者

高橋 裕史

出版者

日本基督教学会北海道支部/北海道基督学会 = The Hokkaido Society of Christian Studies

雑誌

基督教学 (ISSN:02871580)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, pp.33-37, 1995-07-05

著者

近藤 和彦

出版者

立正大学大学院文学研究科

雑誌

大学院紀要 = Bulletin of the Graduate School of Humanities and Sociology Rissho University (ISSN:09112960)

巻号頁・発行日

no.36, pp.1-14, 2020-03-31

著者

藤井 仁子

出版者

早稲田大学大学院文学研究科

雑誌

早稲田大学大学院文学研究科紀要. 第3分冊, 日本語日本文学 演劇映像学 美術史学 表象・メディア論 現代文芸 (ISSN:13417533)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.61, pp.35-47, 2016-02-26

著者

加藤 博文

出版者

北海道大学アイヌ・先住民研究センター 先住民考古学研究室

雑誌

先住民考古学シリーズ

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1, pp.1-71, 2018-03-31

著者

樋口 敦士

出版者

早稲田大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

早稲田大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 : 別冊 (ISSN:13402218)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, no.1, pp.三九-五一, 2018-09-30

著者

藤田 正

出版者

奈良教育大学教育学部附属教育実践総合センター

雑誌

教育実践総合センター研究紀要 (ISSN:13476971)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.14, pp.43-46, 2005-03-31

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日常生活における学習課題の先延ばし行動と失敗行動の関係を明らかにするために,大学生175名を対象に、学習課題先延ばし傾向尺度と失敗傾向尺度を実施した。新たに作成した課題先延ばし傾向尺度を因子分析した結果、「課題先延ばし」と「約束事への遅延」の2因子が見出された。次に、先延ばし傾向と失敗傾向の関係を調べるために両者の相関を検討した結果、両者の間には全体得点で中程度の有意な正の相関が見出された。さらに失敗傾向の下位尺度(アクションスリップ、認知の狭小化、衝動的失敗)のすべてにおいても有意な正の相関が見出された。また、先延ばし傾向高群は、低群に比べ全ての失敗傾向において有意に高い得点であった。これらの結果から、課題先延ばし行動は失敗行動と強く関係していることが明らかになった。

著者

二階堂 善弘

出版者

関西大学出版部

巻号頁・発行日

2006-10-01