著者
局 博一 林 良博 菅野 茂
出版者
東京大学
雑誌
一般研究(C)
巻号頁・発行日
1991

本研究課題では,モルモットおよびラットを実験材料にして,それぞれの動物の鼻粘膜および喉頭粘膜に対する機械的刺激および化学的刺激によって誘発される呼吸反射の様式と,末梢求心性経路における感覚受容機構を明らかにした。結果は以下の通り要約される。(1)モルモットおよびラットの鼻粘膜,とくに鼻前庭を含む鼻腔前方域に機械的触刺激と圧刺激を加えると,いずれの動物からもくしゃみ反射が誘発された.1回の刺激で2〜3回連続する反射が現れることが多かった。三叉神経篩骨神経中にこれらの刺激に対して応答する受容器が見い出され,それらの応答様式を明らかにした。(2)モルモットの喉頭部に機械的触刺激を与えると明瞭な咳反射が誘発された。上喉頭神経中に存在するirritant受容器がこの刺激に対して鋭敏に応答した。さらに反回喉頭神経の中にも咳反射に関与する受容器の存在が確認された。カプサイシン溶液を用いて喉頭粘膜のCーfiberを選択的に刺激したところ,咳反射は現れず,無呼吸反射のみが強く出現した。このことから咳反射にはCーfiberよりもirritant受容器が関与することがわかった。(3)ラットの喉頭部に機械的刺激を与えると燕下反射が常に出現した。同様の結果は上喉頭神経の電気的刺激でも得られた.ラットの上喉頭神経求心性活動を記録したところ,呼吸性活動を示すdrive受容器(58%)や喉頭内の圧変動に応じるpressure受容器(28%)は数多く見い出されたが,irritant受容器(11%)は少なかった.これらの成績から,鼻粘膜刺激によるくしゃみ反射に関しては,両動物とも類似した発生機構を有すると考えられるが,喉頭粘膜からの咳反射に関しては,感受性の差,受容器構成の差,さらには中枢におけるパタ-ンジェネレ-ションに関して明瞭な動物種差が存在するものと考えられた.
著者
Masaaki KATAYAMA Tamako MIYAZAKI Keiichi OHATA Tsuyoshi OIKAWA Junichi KAMIIE Takeshi SUGAYA Masao MIYAZAKI
出版者
JAPANESE SOCIETY OF VETERINARY SCIENCE
雑誌
Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.19-0325, (Released:2019-10-22)
被引用文献数
7

Liver-type fatty acid–binding protein (L-FABP) is a biomarker for the early detection of renal diseases in humans. It is secreted along with cytotoxic oxidation products from proximal tubular epithelial cells under conditions of ischemia and/or oxidative stress. This study examined urinary L-FABP excretion under renal ischemia in feline acute kidney injury (AKI) model. L-FABP excretion increased immediately after renal ischemia/reperfusion, despite the absence of obvious structural damage to the kidneys, in the two AKI model cats studied. L-FABP was detected in the renal tubular lumen immediately after renal ischemia/reperfusion in the two cats, but not in a sham surgery cat. These results suggested that high L-FABP excretion is a pathophysiological response associated with antioxidant defense in proximal tubules with renal ischemia and/or oxidative stress in a feline model.

1 0 0 0 OA 胆石症の研究

著者
飯田 安彦
出版者
一般財団法人 日本消化器病学会
雑誌
日本消化器病学会雑誌 (ISSN:04466586)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.62, no.1, pp.29-59, 1965 (Released:2011-06-17)
参考文献数
113
被引用文献数
1

Some etiological studies of gall stones and of cholecystitis have ever been made and discussed from various angles and now it is apparent that the infection of the bile ducts plays important roles etiologically for them, aside from the problem whether it is concerned with them primarily or secondarily. But the infection theory contains some contradiction which is pointed out by various researchers in the fact that even many ba-cteria instillated into the gall bladder do not cause the formation of gall stones or cholelithiasis so easily.On the other, Prof. Matsukura has ever noticed the fact that in cholelithiasis and cholecystitis the concentration of bile acids, particularly of dihydroxycholanic acid, is conspicuously lowered in comparison with that of normal cases and advocated the significance of the low concentration of dihydroxycholanic acid in the infection of the bile ducts, based upon various clinical and experimental studies made in his laboratory.The author made some serial clinical and experimental studies on bile acids in bile, particularly the significance of the substance “Dihydroxycholanic Acid” in the infection of bile ducts, as one part of the etiological studies of cholecystitis and gall stones undertaken in the laboratory and obtained some results as follows.1) The concentration of dihydroxycholanic acid in bile of healthy person or of patients with gastroduodenal ulcers is high, ranging from 30 to 60 mg/cc, while in cholelithiasis and cholecystitis, the levels are mostly in a range less than 20 mg/cc.2) No bacteria were detected in the bile of healthy person or of the patients with gastroduodenal ulcer. But in bile of cholelithiasis or of cholecystitis, showing the level of dihydroxycholanic acid in a range less than 20 mg/cc, bacteria were found and isolated.3) Coli-bacilli occupied the majority among the microorganisms isolated from the bile of cholelithiasis and of cholecystitis.According to these clinical and experimental studies, it can be presumed that in cholecystitis and in cholelithiasis, the colibacilli played the cardinal role and the infection of the bile ducts with coli-bacilli is closely related with the lowering of the concentration of dihydroxycholanic acid in bile.The author made a experimental study regarding the relation between the lowering of the concentration of the acid and the infection of the bile ducts in rabbit and following results were obtained.4) The level of the dihydroxycholanic acid in the normal rabbit ranged from 70 to 110 mg/cc but if the occlusion of the bile ducts was artificially made at the Vater's ampullae where the choledochus joins the duodenun, the level increased slightly on the 2nd postoperative day but then decreased gradually up to the levels of 12 to 32 mg/cc on the 8th day, showing apparently the lowering tendency.5) In normal rabbits which accepted colibacilli through the portal vein and in the group of rabbits of which liver function was damaged with carbon tetrachloride and 2, 4-diaminotoluene, coli-bacilli were detected in both of the groups but the numbers of the bacilli were markedly small and the slight increase of the bacilli was observed only in one case out of those with damage of the liver function. But in all of ten cases with the occlusion of the bile ducts, a great number of bacilli were observed. Moreover, in 8 cases, gall stones were constituted and in 2 cases bile sands were seen.6) 1. In liver of normal rabbits which were instillated coli-bacilli through the portal vein, very slight inflammatory changes were seen, but at the gall bladder no inflammatory changes were seen grossly as well as histologically.2. In livers of rabbits as well as in the gall bladder, with the damaged liver function and instillation of coli-bacilli through the portal vein, almost no inflammatory change was observed in the gall bladder.
著者
森山 英男
出版者
一般財団法人 日本消化器病学会
雑誌
日本消化器病学会雑誌 (ISSN:04466586)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.64, no.12, pp.1230-1245, 1967 (Released:2011-06-17)
参考文献数
90

At laparatomy of surgical disease in the upper abdomen, the specimens were collected from the gall bladder, common bile duct, duodenum, jejunum, ileum and trnsverse colon. From each of specimens, E. coli was isolated and O-serotypes were identified, and thus the ecology and physiopathology of E. cole in human intestine were examined.1) The examination of the biliary system, E. coli was detected in choledocholithiasis with the highest percentage (50%) and cholecystolithiasis (15%), and stomach cancer (9%) were followed. No E. coli was found in ulcer froup.2) In the duodenum and jejunum, the incidence of E. coli was the highest in the froup of choledocholithiasis (50%, 50%), followed by stomach cancer (29%, 32%), cholecystolithiasis (15%, 18%) and ulcer (5%, 4%).3) In the terminal ileum, the detection rate was conciderably high in the following three groups: stomach cancer (72%), cholecystolithiasis (64%), choledocholithiasis (63%). On the contrary, ulcer group showed the lowest rate of 30%.4) The group E. coli was found in the terminal ileum was associated with some other pathologic conditions than the group E. coli was found in the transverse colon only.5) In the case E. coli was found in the upper digestive tracts above jejunum including the biliary system, this organism was found in the whole intestinal tracts as predominant resident, and only one species was found as a rule. In the group E.coli was detected only in the transverse colon, three serothpes were identified.6) The serothpes from 0-1 to 0-25 and so called toxic E. coli were mostly detected in the upper digestive tracts. However, no this type of phenomomen was observed in the enteropathogenic E. coli.
著者
甲斐 智朗 森田 一郎 臼井 信郎
出版者
耳鼻咽喉科臨床学会
雑誌
耳鼻咽喉科臨床 (ISSN:00326313)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.92, no.3, pp.277-282, 1999-03-01 (Released:2011-11-04)
参考文献数
8

The efficacy of cryotherapy for pharyngeal pain after tonsillectomy was studied.The pain of 10 patients after tonsillectomy was controlled by the usual methods; i. e., neck icing, povidone iodine gargling, inhalation of aerosols containing antibiotics and corticosteroids, and administration of mefenamic acid syrup perorally (control group). In addition to these treatment methods, another 10 patients received shaved ice orally 30 minutes before each meal (ice group).The pharyngeal pain of each patient was scored 5 times a day by the 10 cm analog scale and the 4 grades of classification. Scoring occurred at waking, 10, 14, 18, and 21 o' clock. The amount of food each patient could eat was also recorded.The pain scores at waking were significantly reduced in the ice group on the 2nd and the 4th post-operative day (p < 0.05; Welch's t-test). The pain was the most severe at waking, diminished during the daytime, and was somewhat increased at night again in both groups (p < 0.05; one-way ANOVA). The patients in the ice group were advanced to more solid and more nutritive diets earlier than those in the control group.We concluded that pharyngeal cryotherapy after tonsillectomy was useful for pain control after tonsillectomy, and the analog scale was suitable for continual recording of the pain levels of patients.
著者
西山 圜 岩井 益美 佐々木 正史 中沢 則雄 片桐 晴郎
出版者
公益社団法人日本ガスタービン学会
雑誌
日本ガスタービン学会誌 (ISSN:03874168)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.23, no.89, pp.78-83, 1995-06
参考文献数
6
被引用文献数
1

The seven year program, designated "Research & Development of Automotive Ceramic Gas Turbine Engine (CGT Program)", which is conducted by Petroleum Energy Center, began in 1990 with the object of demonstrating the advantageous potentials of ceramic gas turbines for automotive use. Engine demonstration project in this program is being adressed by Japan Automobile Research Institute, Inc. team. The basic engine is a 100 kW, single-shaft regenerative engine having turbine inlet temperature of 1350℃ and rotor speed of ll0,000 rpm. This paper mainly describes the activities during the fourth year of the program. The engine components were experimentally evaluated and improved in the individual and various assembly test rigs, and an assembly test including rotating and stationary components, was performed under the condition of turbine inlet temperature of 1200℃.
著者
末岡 啓吾 檜山 哲夫 仲本 準
出版者
日本植物生理学会
雑誌
日本植物生理学会年会およびシンポジウム 講演要旨集 第47回日本植物生理学会年会講演要旨集
巻号頁・発行日
pp.328, 2006 (Released:2006-12-27)

酸素発生型光合成におけるNAD(P)H dehydrogenaseの役割、特にcyclic電子伝達系における役割が近年注目を集めている。しかしながら、いまだこの酵素は均一に精製されておらず、サブユニット組成に関して不明な部分が多い。そこで本研究では好熱性シアノバクテリアThermosynechococcus elongatusにおけるNAD(P)H dehydrogenaseのサブユニット組成解明を目的とした。Thermosynechococcus elongatusを強い酸化ストレス条件下(強光+methyl viologen)に曝したところ、70 kDaと140 kDa のNAD(P)H dehydrogenase活性が誘導された。この結果はこれらのNAD(P)H dehydrogenaseが酸化ストレス条件下での適応メカニズムに関与していることを示唆しており、cyclic電子伝達系への関与を期待させる。これら酸化ストレスで誘導された活性タンパク質について、それぞれnative PAGEで活性染色によるバンドとタンパク染色によるバンドが一致するような標品にまで精製した。本年会ではこれらのNAD(P)H dehydrogenase について、それぞれ酵素学的性質およびサブユニット組成について報告したい。
著者
瀬畠 克之 杉澤 廉晴
出版者
日本公衆衛生学会
雑誌
日本公衆衛生雑誌 (ISSN:05461766)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.49, no.10, pp.1025-1029, 2002 (Released:2015-12-07)
参考文献数
31
被引用文献数
4

質的研究は社会的経験や自らの感覚を通じて社会事象を科学的に把握できるという世界観に基づき,数値では把握できない社会事象を対象にした分析方法といえる。しかし,質的研究では一般性や代表性が必ずしも問われないこと,あるいは妥当性などの検証が難しいことなどから,量的研究者を中心に質的研究に対する不信感が残っている。 公衆衛生では健康に関する諸問題を人間や人間を取巻く社会という観点から研究するため,従来の量的研究とともに質的研究を行うことによって公衆衛生の研究に新たな切り口を提供する可能性がある。そのためには,誰もが簡単に行えしかも妥当性が検証された質的研究の標準化プロセスを作ること,あるいは,公衆衛生分野における質的研究の論文形式や査読方法などを幅広く議論することが重要である。 日本の質的研究はその概念や手法が混乱している状況にあり,それらの諸問題を整理し,さまざまな立場の考え方をとりまとめる必要がある。今後,日本公衆衛生学会総会での自由集会などを利用して質的研究をめぐる諸課題を議論したり,学会誌を通じて議論の成果を公表することなどによって,公衆衛生分野における質的研究者の層を厚くし,質の高い質的研究を行う環境の整備を図ることができるものと思われる。
著者
李 光鐘 猪股 裕紀洋 阿曽沼 克弘 岡島 英明 山本 栄和 白水 泰昌 塚本 千佳 吉井 大貴
出版者
特定非営利活動法人 日本小児外科学会
雑誌
日本小児外科学会雑誌 (ISSN:0288609X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.46, no.6, pp.946-950, 2010-10-20 (Released:2017-01-01)
参考文献数
13

症例は精神発達遅滞のない4歳男児.腹痛,上腹部膨満を主訴として来院した.腹部単純X線写真で胃内に高度のガス貯留と小腸のびまん性のガス貯留が認められた.精査では閉塞性病変は認められなかった.起床後腹部ガス貯留が著明に増加する一方で,夜間就寝すると軽快することから呑気症(空気嚥下症)と診断された.ファモチジン,大建中湯内服では症状不変で,持続的に胃内容を排出する目的で経鼻胃管を留置した.胃内容の排出促進を目的として塩酸イトプリド,クエン酸モサプリドの内服を開始したが1か月経過しても症状は軽快しなかった.また小児科的に精神的ストレスの関与が完全には否定されなかったため,抗不安薬のロフラゼプ酸エチル投与を行ったが症状の改善は認められなかった.治療開始2か月後に胃運動機能改善を目指し六君子湯投与を開始したところ2週間で上腹部膨満は著明に改善され,X線写真上でも上腹部消化管ガスは著減し2か月後に経鼻胃管を抜去しえた.本症例において六君子湯の有する胃排出促進作用のみならず胃適応性弛緩作用,胃電気活動における抗不整脈作が有効であったと考えられた.